GPA STD 2172-2014 Calculation of Gross Heating Value Relative Density Compressibility and Theoretical Hydrocarbon Liquid Content for Natural Gas Mixtures for Custody Transfer (Thir.pdf

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1、Calculation of Gross Heating Value, Relative Density, Compressibility and Theoretical Hydrocarbon Liquid Content for Natural Gas Mixtures for Custody TransferGPA Standard 217214API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 14.5THIRD EDITION, JANUARY 2014 ADOPTED AS TENTATIVE STANDARD, 1972 R

2、EVISED AND ADOPTED AS STANDARD, 1976 REVISED 1984, 1986, 1996, 2009REAFFIRMED 2014GAS PROCESSORS ASSOCIATION SIXTY SIXTY AMERICAN PLAZA,SUITE 700TULSA, OKLAHOMA 74135AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE1220 L STREET, NWWASHINGTON, DC 20005API Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a g

3、eneral nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to

4、the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other ass

5、ignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgement should be used in employing the information cont

6、ained herein.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby

7、 expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict. API makes no warranties, express or implied for reliance on or any omissions from the information orequat

8、ions contained in this document. The examples given in this document are for illustration purposes only. Theyare not to be considered exclusive or exhaustive in nature.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publi

9、cations are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking

10、equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Copyright

11、 American Petroleum Institute and Gas Processors Association 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from

12、the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.GPA DisclaimerGPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring to do so.Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability

13、of the information contained in its publications.With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. It is notthe intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employ-ees, or others exp

14、osed, concerning health and safety risks or precautions.GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly dis-claims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, ormuni

15、cipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for any infringement of letters of patent regardingapparatus, equipment, or method so covered.ForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale

16、, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate no

17、tification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the

18、Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or anypart of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, o

19、r withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually and updated quart

20、erly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.ContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Symbols and Abbreviated Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Background . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Heating Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . 45.2 Relative Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Compressibility Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 Theoretical Hydrocarbon Liquid Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Summary of Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Equations for Custody Transfer Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 Gross Heating Value (Volumetric Basis). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 Relative Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 Compressibility Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 Theoretical Hydrocarbon Liquid Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Example Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Application Notes and Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 Precision and Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A (informative) Details of Calculation Methods and Treatment of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Annex B (informative) Calculation of Gas Properties . . . . . . . . . .

31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Annex C (informative) Water Content Example Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Annex D (informative) Calculation of NGL Energy Content from Volume. . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Annex E (informative) Determination of Gas Energy Content per Unit Mass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Tables1 U.S. Multipliers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Temperature Multipliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Second Virial Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10A.1 Assumed Composition of Air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19B.1 Calculation of Gas Properties at 60 F and 14.696 psia for a Dry Gas

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20B.2 Calculation of Gas Properties at 60 F and 14.65 psia for a Dry Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21B.3 Calculation of Gas Properties at 60 F and 14.696 psia for a Water Saturated Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、 . . . 22B.4 Calculation of Gas Properties at Typical Base Conditions of 60 F and 14.65 psia for a Water Saturated Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23B.5 Calculation of Gas Properties at 60 F

37、 and 14.696 psia for a Water Saturated Gas at Flowing Conditions of 76 F and 28 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24B.6 Calculation of Gas Properties at 60 F and 14.65 psia for a Water Saturated Gas at Flowing Conditions of 7

38、6 F and 28 psia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25B.7 Calculation of Gas Properties at 60 F and 14.696 psia for a Measured and PartiallyWater Saturated Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26B.8 Calculation of Gas Properties at 60 F and 14.65 psia for a Measured and PartiallyWater Saturated Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . 27PageB.9 Calculation of Gas Properties at 15 C and 101.325 kPa for a Water Saturated Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28B.10 Calculation for Determining the C6+ Gas Properties Using Two Commonly Used Methods . . . . . . . . . . 29B.11 Calculation for Compressibility Using the Rigorou

41、s Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30C.1 Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33C.2 Mole Volume of Water Vapor at 60 F . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35C.3 Values of Constants A and B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37D.1 Calculate Energy Content from Liquid Mass .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39D.2 Calculate Energy Content from Liquid Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39D.3 Calculate Energy Content from Equivalent Gas Volume .

44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40E.1 Calculations for Btu per Pound for Water Saturated Gas at Base Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41IntroductionThis standard supersedes previous editions of GPA Standard 2172/API MPMS Chapter 14.5,

45、 Calculation of Gross Heating Value, Specific Gravity and Compressibility Factor for Natural Gas Mixtures from Compositional Analysis and it incorporates and supersedes GPA Reference Bulletin 181, Tentative Reference Bulletin Heating Value as a Basis for Custody Transfer of Natural Gas. This standar

46、d also supersedes the GPM calculations in GPA Standard 2261, Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography and GPA Standard 2286, Tentative Method of Extended Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Temperature Programmed Gas Chromatography as well as T

47、able IV of GPA Standard 2261. This standard is for the use of those involved in custody transfer of natural gas. Unless fixed by statute, it is the responsibility of the parties to contracts to agree on procedures for determining volumes, heating values and standard conditions for custody transfer.

48、This standard is similar to ISO 6976, Natural gas Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition, and to AGA Report No. 5, Natural Gas Energy Measurement. 1 Calculation of Gross Heating Value, Relative Density, Compressibility and Theoretical Hydrocarbon

49、Liquid Content for Natural Gas Mixtures for Custody Transfer 1 Scope This standard presents procedures for calculating, at base conditions from composition, the following properties of natural gas mixtures: gross heating value, relative density (real and ideal), compressibility factor and theoretical hydrocarbon liquid content which in the U.S. is typically expressed as GPM, the abbreviation for gallons of liquid per thousand cubic feet of gas. Rigorous calculation of the effect of water upon these calculations is complicated. Because this document relates primarily to custody