EN ISO 18854-2015 en Small craft - Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement - Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions《小艇 往复式.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 18854:2015Small craft Reciprocatinginternal combustion enginesexhaust emission measurement Test-bed measurementof gaseous and particulateexhaust emissionsBS EN ISO 18854:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO1

2、8854:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/33, Small craft.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are

3、 responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 83223 9ICS 13.040.50; 47.020.20; 47.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the a

4、uthority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18854 April 2015 ICS 47.020.20; 47.080 English Version Small craft - Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust

5、 emission measurement - Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 18854:2015) Petits navires - Moteurs alternatifs combustion interne mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement - Mesurage des missions de gaz et de particules au banc (ISO 18854:2015) Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge

6、- Messung der Emission von Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren - Prfstandsmessung der gasfrmigen Emission und der Partikelemission (ISO 18854:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 March 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the con

7、ditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exis

8、ts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national sta

9、ndards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, S

10、lovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reser

11、ved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18854:2015 EBS EN ISO 18854:2015EN ISO 18854:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 18854:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 “Small craft“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eithe

12、r by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/o

13、r CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN-CENELEC

14、 Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela

15、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18854:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18854:2015 without any modificatio

16、n. BS EN ISO 18854:2015EN ISO 18854:2015 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2013/53/EC This European standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission to provide one means of conform

17、ing to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2013/53/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one member state, compliance with the normative clauses of this sta

18、ndard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZA.1: Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2013/53/EC Clauses/sub-c

19、lauses of this standard Corresponding annexes/paragraphs of Directive 2013/53/EC Comments All Clauses of this Standard Annex 1.B. 2. Exhaust emission requirements In respect of measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate emissions Clause 6 Annex 1.B. 2. Reference fuels Fuels to be

20、 used for the emissions test for engines fuelled with petrol and diesel WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 18854:2015ISO 18854:2015(E)Foreword viiIntroduction viii1 Scope . 12 Normative reference

21、s 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviations . 34.1 General symbols . 34.2 Symbols for fuel composition . 54.3 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components . 54.4 Abbreviations . 65 Test conditions . 75.1 Engine test conditions 75.1.1 Test condition parameter . 75.1.2 Test vali

22、dity 75.2 Engines with charge air cooling . 75.3 Power 85.4 Specific test conditions 85.4.1 Engine air inlet system . 85.4.2 Engine exhaust system . 85.4.3 Cooling system . 85.4.4 Lubricating oil 95.4.5 Adjustable carburettors . 95.4.6 Crankcase breather 96 Test fuels . 97 Application of the engine

23、family concept and choice of parent engine . 98 Measurement equipment and data to be measured .108.1 General 108.2 Dynamometer specification 108.3 Exhaust gas flow . 108.3.1 General. 108.3.2 Direct measurement method . 108.3.3 Air and fuel measurement method . 118.3.4 Fuel flow and carbon balance me

24、thod .118.3.5 Tracer measurement method 118.3.6 Air flow and air-to-fuel ratio measurement method .128.3.7 Total dilute exhaust gas flow 138.4 Accuracy . 138.5 Determination of the gaseous components 148.5.1 General analyser specifications 148.5.2 Gas drying .158.5.3 Analysers . 158.5.4 Sampling for

25、 gaseous emissions 178.6 Particulate determination 188.6.1 General. 188.6.2 Particulate sampling filters 198.6.3 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications .20 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18854:2015ISO 18854:2015(E)9 Calibration of the analytical instruments 20

26、9.1 General requirements 209.2 Calibration gases 219.2.1 General. 219.2.2 Pure gas . 219.2.3 Calibration and span gases. 219.2.4 Use of gas dividers .219.2.5 Oxygen interference gases 229.3 Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system 229.4 Leakage test 229.5 Calibration procedure 229.5.1 I

27、nstrument assembly 229.5.2 Warm-up time . 229.5.3 NDIR and HFID analyser 229.5.4 GC and HPCL .239.5.5 Establishment of the calibration curve 239.5.6 Alternative calibration methods 239.5.7 Verification of the calibration 239.6 Calibration of tracer gas analyser for exhaust flow measurement .239.7 Ef

28、ficiency test of the NOxconverter . 249.7.1 General. 249.7.2 Test setup 249.7.3 Calibration 249.7.4 Calculation 259.7.5 Adding of oxygen 259.7.6 Activation of the ozonator 259.7.7 NOxmode 259.7.8 Deactivation of the ozonator 259.7.9 NO mode . 259.7.10 Test interval .259.7.11 Efficiency requirement 2

29、59.8 Adjustment of the FID 269.8.1 Optimization of the detector response 269.8.2 Hydrocarbon response factors .269.8.3 Oxygen interference check .269.8.4 Efficiency of the Non-Methane Cutter (NMC) 279.8.5 Methanol response factor . 289.9 Interference effects with CO, CO2, NOx, O2, NH3, and N2O analy

30、sers 289.9.1 General. 289.9.2 CO analyser interference check 299.9.3 NOxanalyser quench checks . 299.9.4 O2analyser interference 309.9.5 Cross-interference check compensation for NH3and N2O measurement channels using IR and UV measurement techniques 319.10 Calibration intervals 3310 Calibration of t

31、he particulate measuring system 3310.1 General 3310.2 Calibration procedure 3310.2.1 Flow measurement .3310.2.2 Exhaust gas analysers .3310.2.3 Carbon flow check .3310.3 Checking the partial-flow conditions . 3310.4 Calibration intervals 33iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18854:2015ISO 18854

32、:2015(E)11 Calibration of the CVS full-flow dilution system .3411.1 General 3411.2 Calibration of the Positive Displacement Pump (PDP) .3411.2.1 General. 3411.2.2 Data analysis .3411.3 Calibration of the Critical-Flow Venturi (CFV) .3511.3.1 General. 3511.3.2 Data analysis .3511.4 Calibration of the

33、 Subsonic Venturi (SSV) 3611.4.1 General.3611.4.2 Data analysis .3611.5 Total system verification . 3711.5.1 General. 3711.5.2 Metering with a critical flow orifice . 3711.5.3 Metering by means of a gravimetric technique 3712 Test cycles (running conditions) .3812.1 Requirements 3812.2 Test cycles .

34、 3812.2.1 Applications 3812.2.2 Test modes and weighting factors . 3912.2.3 Performing the test .4013 Test run4013.1 Preparation of the sampling filters . 4013.2 Installation of the measuring equipment 4013.3 Starting the dilution system and the engine . 4013.4 Adjustment of the dilution ratio . 401

35、3.5 Determination of test points 4113.6 Checking of the analysers . 4113.7 Test cycles . 4113.7.1 Test sequence .4113.7.2 Analyser response .4213.7.3 Particulate sampling 4213.7.4 Engine conditions 4213.8 Re-checking the analysers 4213.9 Test report 4214 Data evaluation for gaseous and particulate e

36、missions .4214.1 Gaseous emissions 4214.2 Particulate emissions . 4315 Calculation of the gaseous emissions.4315.1 General 4315.2 Determination of the exhaust gas flow . 4415.3 Dry/wet correction 4415.4 NOxcorrection for humidity and temperature.4615.5 Calculation of the emission mass flow rates 471

37、5.5.1 Raw exhaust gas 4715.5.2 Dilute exhaust gas 4815.5.3 Determination of the NMHC concentration .5015.6 Calculation of the specific emission . 51 ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 18854:2015ISO 18854:2015(E)16 Calculation of the particulate emission .5116.1 Particulate correction factor for

38、 humidity . 5116.2 Partial-flow dilution system . 5216.2.1 Isokinetic systems5216.2.2 Systems with measurement of CO2or NOxconcentration .5216.2.3 Systems with CO2measurement and carbon balance method .5216.2.4 Systems with flow measurement 5316.3 Full-flow dilution system 5316.4 Calculation of the

39、particulate mass flow rate 5316.5 Calculation of the specific emissions 5416.6 Effective weighting factor . 5417 Determination of the gaseous emissions .5517.1 General 5517.2 Main exhaust components CO, CO2, HC, NOx, O25517.3 Ammonia analysis .6017.4 Methane analysis 6117.4.1 Gas chromatographic (GC

40、) method (Figure 6)6117.4.2 Non-methane cutter (NMC) method (Figure 7) .6317.5 Methanol analysis 6417.6 Formaldehyde analysis .6518 Determination of the particulates .6718.1 General 6718.2 Dilution system 6718.2.1 Partial-flow dilution system (Figures 10 to 18) .6718.2.2 Full-flow dilution system .

41、7918.3 Particulate sampling system 82Bibliography .86vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18854:2015ISO 18854:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International St

42、andards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also

43、 take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In

44、 particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements

45、 of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (s

46、ee www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence

47、to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 188, Small craft, SC 2, Engines and propulsion systems. ISO 2015 All rights reserved viiBS EN ISO 18854:2015ISO 18854:2015(E

48、)IntroductionThis International Standard is intended for use as a measurement procedure to determine the gaseous and particulate emission levels of reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines for marine use in small craft. Its purpose is to provide a map of an engines emissions characteristics w

49、hich, through use of the proper weighting factors, can be used as an indication of that engines emission levels under various applications. The emission results are expressed in units of grams per kilowatt-hour and represent the mass rate of emissions per unit of work accomplished.Although this International Standard is designed for marine engines, it shares many principles with particulate and gaseous emission measurements that have been in use for many years for on-road engines. One test procedure that shares many of these principles is the process