EN 15428-2007 en Soil improvers and growing media - Determination of particle size distribution《土壤改良剂和生长素 粒度分布的测定》.pdf

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1、BS EN 15428:2007ICS 65.080NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSoil improvers and growing media Determination of particle size distributionIncorporating corrigendum September 2009This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards

2、 Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 69206 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15428:2007National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15428:2007.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 15428 as a B

3、ritish standard. However, during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a European Standard.In the opinion of the UK committee, the shaking conditions for the sieve testing contained in Clauses 5 and 6 are not defined adequately, which is reflected

4、by the performance results in Annex B. Failure to define these conditions can mean poor reproducibility between laboratories, and may lead to inconsistent results when independently testing the same sample. The inter-laboratory trial results in Annex B are an amalgamation of results from 1997 and 20

5、05. Attention is drawn to the fact that the laboratories were not using BS EN 15428 when the 1997 results were achieved as BS EN 15428 predates them. Furthermore, the 2005 results do not reflect a valid test of BS EN 15428 as the samples used for testing were pre-dried. This is contrary to Clause 7.

6、1, which states samples shall be analysed in a state ready to be used. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/20, Top soil and other growing media.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publicati

7、on does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.30 September 2009 Correction to national forewordBS EN 15428:2007EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROP

8、ENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15428September 2007ICS 65.080English VersionSoil improvers and growing media - Determination of particlesize distributionAmendements du sol et supports de culture -Dtermination de la rpartition granulomtriqueBodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate -Bestimmung der Partikelg

9、renverteilungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 July 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliograph

10、ical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN

11、member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

12、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brus

13、sels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15428:2007: EBS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle4 5 Apparatus .4 6 Optimizati

14、on of sieving machine5 7 Test sample 5 8 Air drying 6 9 Procedure .6 10 Calculations and expression of results.6 11 Precision.7 12 Test report 7 Annex A (normative) Optimization of the sieving machine.9 Annex B (informative) Results of an interlaboratory trial to determine particle size .10 Bibliogr

15、aphy 18 BS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15428:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi

16、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shal

17、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto

18、nia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This document specifies a

19、method of determination of particle size distribution in soil improvers and growing media. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editio

20、n of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12579, Soil improvers and growing media - Sampling EN 13040:2007, Soil improvers and growing media Sample preparation for chemical and physical tests, determination of dry matter content, moisture content and laboratory compacted bu

21、lk density CR 13456:1999, Soil improvers and growing media Labelling, specifications and product schedules ISO 565, Test sieves - Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet - Nominal sizes of openings 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and defi

22、nitions given in CR 13456:1999 and EN 13040:2007 apply. 4 Principle Sieving an air-dried sample of a growing medium or soil improver with specified test sieves using a mechanical sieving machine and determination of the weight fraction distribution. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Sieving-shaking machine, vertical

23、vibrating movement, with amplitude adjustment, and interval timer. Sieving time: 7 min in periods of 10 s shaking and 1 s rest with an amplitude in the range between 0,5 mm and 1,5 mm. 5.2 Test sieves, diameter 200 mm or 300 mm, rim height 55 mm, aperture sizes as listed in ISO 565, of stainless ste

24、el woven wire with square openings 31,5 mm, 16,0 mm, 8,0 mm, 4,0 mm, 2,0 mm, 1,0 mm, and reception tray, sieve lid. 5.3 Drying oven, forced air suction, adjustable to 40 C 5 C. NOTE Care should be taken to prevent loss of fine lightweight particles. 5.4 Three drying trays, rim height ca 50 mm 10 mm,

25、 minimum bottom area of 400 cm2, heat proof to 50 C. 5.5 Balance with a weighing range at least 4 kg and an accuracy 0,1 g. 5.6 Apparatus for sample division, comprising any suitable equipment for combining and reducing the samples which preserves the characteristics of the product. Depending on the

26、 particle size, material and BS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 5 particle size distribution, the opening width of the passage should be 2,5 times to 3 times greater than the diameter of the largest particle. 6 Optimization of sieving machine Prior to its first use the shaking machine shall be optimi

27、zed as described in Annex A. Optimization shall be repeated annually. 7 Test sample 7.1 General For the determination of the particle size distribution materials shall be sampled in accordance with EN 12579. This European Standard is applicable to samples supplied in a form in which they are used an

28、d is not necessarily applicable to or suitable for all types of growing medium or soil improver, for example material that is not able to flow when used or is sticky. Samples shall be analysed in a state ready to be used. Prepare the test sample in accordance with EN 13040:2007 up to Clause 7. 7.2 D

29、etermination of the sub-sample volume First determine the analytical sample size. For fine materials, use a smaller volume than for coarser materials to reduce the risk of blocking the sieves (see Table 1). Place the 8,0 mm mesh sieve (5.2) on the sieving machine with the reception tray under it. Re

30、duce the sample to the size of the sub-sample using an apparatus for sample division (5.6). Transfer the appropriate sub-sample (750 ml for 300 mm sieve and 375 ml for 200 mm sieve) to the sieve and place the lid on the sieve. Secure to the sieving tower and switch on the sieving machine (5.1) for 1

31、 min at the standard setting. For samples in which the moisture content is too high, first air dry the sample in a drying oven for 16 h (5.3). NOTE If the moisture content is too high, the sample will not pass through the sieve. After sieving, weigh the sieve (c), the reception tray with the sample

32、(a), then dry-clean the sieve and reception tray and weigh them empty (d and b respectively). Calculate the fraction according to 10.1. Table 1 Sample volumes Sieve diameter Sub-sample portion If 0 mm to 8 mm fraction 50 % w/w total Sub-sample portion If 0 mm to 8 mm fraction 50 % w/w total 200 mm 3

33、75 ml 125 ml 300 mm 750 ml 250 ml BS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 6 8 Air drying Take three representative appropriate volumes (see Table 1) of the sample as received using an apparatus for sample division (5.6) and place them into 3 separate drying trays. Spread the sample over the surface of the

34、 tray as uniformly as possible and weigh. Place the trays in the drying oven (5.3) at 40 C for at least 16 h and re-weigh. Calculate the moisture loss. After drying, the remaining moisture content in the sub-samples shall not exceed 15 % of the total weight. The moisture content shall be determined

35、as described in EN 13040:2007. 9 Procedure Determine the particle size distribution within 24 h after drying. Store the sample in a dry atmosphere until sieving can be performed. NOTE As samples absorb moisture, volume changes can occur. Assemble the sieves in order of aperture size, with the larges

36、t aperture at the top, on top of the reception tray on the sieving machine. Distribute all the dried sub-sample (Clause 8) equally on the upper sieve. Place the lid on the upper sieve and secure the sieves. Switch on the sieving machine for 7 min at the prescribed setting (Clause 6). Determine the w

37、eight fractions of each sieve and of the reception tray. Dry-clean the sieves and the reception tray. When the three sub-samples have been sieved and weighed, determine the empty weights of the sieves and the reception tray. Calculate the fraction distribution as described in 10.2. 10 Calculations a

38、nd expression of results 10.1 Calculation of fraction distribution during sample pre-treatment Calculate the fraction distribution during sample pre-treatment as follows: The sieving fraction greater than 8 mm is given by 100% )()(-mass)by (% mm 8 fraction Sieving +badcdc= (1) The sieving fraction s

39、maller than 8 mm is given by 100% )()(mass)by (% mm 8-0fraction Sieving +badcba= (2) where a is the weight of reception tray plus sample, expressed in g; b is the weight of the empty reception tray, expressed in g; c is the weight of the 8,0 mm sieve plus sample, expressed in g; BS EN 15428:2007EN 1

40、5428:2007 (E) 7 d is the weight of the empty 8,0 mm sieve, expressed in g. 10.2 Calculation of fraction distribution of a sample The portion masses are expressed on the total mass of the sample. weight%100 massraction xxxAA= ZF(3) where x = 1.7 1 - sieve 31,5 mm 2 - sieve 16 mm 3 - sieve 8 mm 4 - si

41、eve 4 mm 5 - sieve 2 mm 6 - sieve 1 mm 7 - reception tray A1.7 = (weight sieve plus sample - weight empty sieve). For each fraction determine the average and round it to the nearest whole percent. Then determine the coefficient of variance of the three sub-samples according to the calculation below

42、(example calculation of portion x). Do this for portions 2 to 6 and only for the three largest fractions. Disregard the portion of 31,5 mm. If the coefficient of variance of a portion is greater than 20 % the sample should be considered as insufficiently homogenous. The analysis should be repeated i

43、n its entirety. nZ= GxxverageA (4) where: n = number of replicates (3 or 4) 100 Variance of oefficient x2xxxG1)/(n)G(Z= VcC (5) 11 Precision Typical performance characteristics for precision and accuracy are shown in Table B.1 to Table B.7. 12 Test report The test report shall include the following

44、information: a) reference to the European Standard (EN 15428:2007); BS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 8 b) complete identification of the sample; c) all the analytical methods used; d) results of the determination as whole numbers, expressed as mass/mass dry matter basis; e) any details not specifie

45、d in this European Standard, or which are optional, as well as any other factor that may have affected the results. NOTE The test report may be prepared separately or in conjunction with the test report of a subsequent analytical method. BS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 9 Annex A (normative) Optimi

46、zation of the sieving machine A.1 Test sample Homogeneous, peat type 1, 31,5 mm Sample Peat (2005) Bark (2005) Composted greenwaste (2005) Perlite (2005) Coarse peat (1997) Composted bark (1997) Number of laboratories retained after eliminating outliers 15 15 15 15 Number of outliers (laboratories)

47、Mean value % m/m 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 Repeatability standard deviation, sr% m/m Repeatability relative standard deviation (%) Repeatability limit, r = 2.8sr% m/m Reproducibility standard deviation, sR% m/m Reproducibility relative standard deviation (%) Reproducibility limit, r = 2.8sR% m/m Sample Prepar

48、ed Peat (2005) Prepared Bark (2005) Prepared Composted greenwaste (2005) PreparedPerlite (2005) Number of laboratories retained after eliminating outliers 15 15 15 15 Number of outliers (laboratories) Mean value % m/m 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 Repeatability standard deviation, sr% m/m Repeatability relative s

49、tandard deviation (%) Repeatability limit, r = 2.8sr% m/m Reproducibility standard deviation, sR% m/m Reproducibility relative standard deviation (%) Reproducibility limit, r = 2.8sR% m/m BS EN 15428:2007EN 15428:2007 (E) 12 Table B.2 Results of the inter laboratory trial for the determination of particle size Z2 16 mm to 31,5 mm Sample Peat (2005) Bark (2005) Composted greenwaste (2005) Perlite (2005) Coarse peat (1997) Composted bark (1997) Number of laboratories