BS ISO 8157-2015 Fertilizers and soil conditioners Vocabulary《肥料和土壤改良剂 词汇》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 8157:2015 Fertilizers and soil conditioners VocabularyBS ISO 8157:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8157:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/37, Fertilisers

2、 and related chemicals. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 201

3、5. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 76269 7 ICS 01.040.65; 65.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2015. Amendments

4、 issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 8157:2015 ISO 2015 Fertilizers and soil conditioners Vocabulary Engrais et amendements Vocabulaire INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8157 Second edition Deuxime dition 2015-07-01 Reference number Numro de rfrence ISO 8157:2015(E/F) NORME INTERNATIONALEBS I

5、SO 8157:2015ISO 8157:2015(E/F)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT DOCUMENT PROTG PAR COPYRIGHT ISO 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or uti

6、lized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. Droits de

7、reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie, laffichage sur linternet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation crite pralable. Les

8、 demandes dautorisation peuvent tre adresses lISO ladresse ci-aprs ou au comit membre de lISO dans le pays du demandeur. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland/Publi en Suiss

9、eBS ISO 8157:2015ISO 8157:2015(E/F)Contents Page Foreword v 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 2.1 General terms . 1 2.2 Terms relating to products . 8 2.3 Terms relating to physical properties 14 2.4 Terms relating to physico-chemical properties .16 2.5 Terms relating to safety 17 2.6 Terms r

10、elating to sampling 18 ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs iiiBS ISO 8157:2015ISO 8157:2015(E/F) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is

11、normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part

12、in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particula

13、r the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this

14、document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.is

15、o.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the

16、WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 134, Fertilizers and soil conditioners. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8157:1984), which has been

17、 technically revised.iv ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsBS ISO 8157:2015INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 8157:2015(E/F) Fertilizers and soil conditioners Vocabulary 1 Scope This International Standard defines terms relating to fertilizers and soil conditioners. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons F

18、or the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 General terms 2.1.1 fertilizer substance containing one or more recognized plant nutrient(s), which is used for its plant nutrient content and which is designed for use or claimed to have value in promoting plant growth

19、 2.1.2 plant nutrient chemical element, which is essential for plant growth 2.1.3 fertilizer nutrient plant nutrient applied in the course of fertilization Note 1 to entry: Some countries/regions declare/express nutrients in their oxide forms (e.g. CaO) but also in their elementary forms. 2.1.3.1 pr

20、imary nutrient (element) elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium only Note 1 to entry: Macronutrient is also used. These include the following plant food: nitrogen (N), available phosphate (P 2 O 5 ), and soluble potash (K 2 O). Note 2 to entry: The following definition is recognized by some sp

21、ecific countries/regions: macro nutrient is the sum of primary and secondary nutrients, such as N, P, K, and Mg, Ca, as well as S (Na, Si). 2.1.3.2 secondary nutrient (element) elements calcium, magnesium, and sulfur Note 1 to entry: Sodium (Na) is one of the secondary nutrients (elements) in some c

22、ountries/regions. 2.1.3.3 micronutrient; trace element element, such as boron, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and/or chlorine, which are essential, in relatively small quantities, for plant growth Note 1 to entry: Nickel (Ni) is also called a micronutrient (element) in some count

23、ries/regions, while in Japan, nickel is classified as harmful element. ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs 1BS ISO 8157:2015ISO 8157:2015(E/F) 2.1.4 b e n e f i c i a l s u b s t a n c e o r e l e m e n t s substance or element other than primary, secondary, or micronutrient that can be

24、demonstrated by scientific research to be beneficial or may be essential to one or more species of plants, when applied exogenously 2.1.5 inorganic fertilizer fertilizer without organic material other than those defined as additives Note 1 to entry: Calcium cyanamide, urea and its condensation produ

25、cts and chelated and complex micro- nutrients are, by convention, recognized as inorganic fertilizers. 2.1.6 organic fertilizer material containing carbon or one or more elements other than hydrogen and oxygen, mainly of plant and/or animal origin added either directly to the plant or to the soil, s

26、pecifically, for the nutrition of plants and that may improve soil structure 2.1.7 organic nitrogenous fertilizer material of biological origin in which the declarable nitrogen content is organically combined with carbon and which may contain other elements, but which do not have declarable phosphor

27、us or potassium contents 2.1.8 synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer in which the nitrogen is combined with carbon by organic synthesis 2.1.9 organo-mineral fertilizer semi-organic fertilizer product in which declared nutrients are of both organic and inorganic origin obtained by m

28、ixing and/or chemical combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers 2.1.10 organo-mineral compound fertilizer organic-inorganic compound fertilizer compound fertilizer containing an amount of organic fertilizer 2.1.11 slow release fertilizer fertilizer, of which, by hydrolysis and/or by biodegrad

29、ation and/or by limited solubility, the nutrients available to plants is spread over a period of time, when compared to a “reference soluble” product, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and urea 2.1.12 controlled-release fertilizer fertilizer in which nutrient release is controlled, meeting th

30、e stated release rate of nutrient and the stated release time at a specified temperature Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are coated fertilizers, such as, polymer coated fertilizer, PSCU. 2.1.13 partly slow release fertilizer fertilizer obtained by mixing of slow released fertilizers with rapidly a

31、vailable fertilizers 2.1.14 partly controlled release fertilizer fertilizer obtained by mixing of controlled released fertilizers with rapidly available fertilizers2 ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsBS ISO 8157:2015ISO 8157:2015(E/F) 2.1.15 coated fertilizer fertilizer, the granules of

32、 which are covered with a thin layer of a different material (polymer, sulphur, and/or other material) in order to improve the behavior and/or modify the characteristics of the fertilizer 2.1.16 stabilized fertilizer fertilizer product that has been amended with an additive that reduces the rate of

33、transformation of (a) fertilizer compound(s), extending the time of nutrient availability to the plant by a variety of mechanisms relative to its un-amended form Note 1 to entry: Usually refer to nitrogen-stabilized fertilizer. 2.1.16.1 Inhibitor substance, usually synthetic, which delays or stops t

34、he activity of specific groups of micro-organisms or enzymes 2.1.16.2 urease inhibitor substance that inhibits hydrolytic action on urea by the urease enzyme Note 1 to entry: Primarily targeted to reduce ammonia volatilization. 2.1.16.3 n i t r i f ic at ion i n h ibi t or substance that inhibits th

35、e biological oxidation of ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen, thus, slowing the formation of nitrate nitrogen 2.1.17 e n h a n c e d e f f i c i e n c y r e f e r e n c e p r o d u c t soluble fertilizer product (prior to treatment by chemical reaction, coating, encapsulation, addition of inhib

36、itors, compaction, occlusion, or by other means) or the corresponding product used for comparison to substantiate enhanced efficiency claims 2.1.18 soil conditioner material (could be inorganic or organic) added to soils to improve the physical and/or chemical properties, and/or the biological activ

37、ity of soils without a declarable content of nutrients 2.1.19 synthetic soil conditioner product made by organic synthesis added to the soil to improve the physical and/or chemical properties, and/or the biological activity of soils without a declarable content of nutrients 2.1.20 inorganic soil con

38、ditioner soil conditioner without organic matter and a declarable content of nutrients, which improves the physical and/or chemical properties and/or the biological activity of soils 2.1.20.1 phosphogypsum calcium sulfate, with a small amount of phosphates, obtained after extracting phosphoric acid

39、during a specific wet phosphoric acid process Note 1 to entry: In this process, phosphate rock powder is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid. ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs 3BS ISO 8157:2015ISO 8157:2015(E/F) 2.1.21 soil improver material added to soil in situ whose main functio

40、n is to maintain or improve its physical and/or chemical and/or biological properties or the soil activity with the exception of liming materials Note 1 to entry: The term “soil amendment” is also used in some countries/regions. 2.1.22 liming material mineral substances and mixtures whose main funct

41、ion is to correct soil acidity containing either oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or silicates of the nutrients calcium and/or magnesium Note 1 to entry: The terms “lime” and “liming soil amendment” are also used, but “liming material” or “agricultural lime” are preferred. 2.1.23 organic soil improve

42、r natural organic material applied principally to improve the physical properties and biological activity of soil 2.1.24 semi-organic soil improver soil conditioner containing substances and elements of both organic and inorganic origin 2.1.25 water soluble fertilizer fertilizer, virtual completely

43、soluble in water and suitable for fertigation and sprinkling irrigation, etc. 2.1.25.1 water soluble nutrient nutrient completely soluble in water 2.1.26 foliar fertilizer fertilizer designed for application to, and nutrient uptake by, the foliage of a plant 2.1.27 chelated fertilizer fertilizer in

44、which one or more nutrients are bonded by chelating agents 2.1.27.1 chelated plant nutrient product of a chemical reaction between a metal cation that is recognized as a plant nutrient and a chelating agent 2.1.27.2 chelate molecular entity in which exists the presence of bonds (or attractive intera

45、ctions) between two or more separate binding sites within the same ORGANIC ligand and a single central atom of a metal forming a five- or six-membered ring 2.1.27.3 chelating agent organic molecule having two or more sites that donate electron pairs to a central metal cation and is large enough to f

46、orm a five- or six-membered ring structure EXAMPLE Examples include EDTA, NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid), and IDHA (iminodisuccinic acid).4 ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsBS ISO 8157:2015ISO 8157:2015(E/F) 2.1.27.4 coordinating complex molecular entity in which exists the presence of bo

47、nds (or attractive interactions) between two or more components of organic molecular entities and one central metallic atom Note 1 to entry: When this metal complex is formed because the interaction of two or more separate binding sites within the same organic ligand and a single central atom formin

48、g a five-or six-membered ring, then it becomes a chelate. 2.1.27.5 coordinating agent sequestering agent organic molecule having two or more sites that donate electron pairs to a central metal cation, which form a product of sufficient stability with the cation that does not undergo many of free met

49、al typical reactions, e.g. precipitation in basic solution 2.1.28 soil fertility ability of a soil to support and ensure plant growth 2.1.29 fertilization any or all aspects of the use of fertilizers and soil conditioners to improve crop growth and soil fertility Note 1 to entry: The English term “fertilization” has a more restricted meaning than the French term “fertilization” which covers all the techniques of management of fertilizers and soil conditioners. 2.1.30 application process of adminis