EN 15210-1-2009 8750 Solid biofuels - Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes - Part 1 Pellets《固体生物燃料 球团和煤饼的机械耐久性的测定 第1部分 球团》.pdf

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1、BS EN15210-1:2009ICS 75.160.10NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSolid biofuels Determination ofmechanical durabilityof pellets andbriquettesPart 1: PelletsCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot fo

2、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 March2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 66789 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15210-1:2009N

3、ational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15210-1:2009. Itsupersedes DD CEN/TS 15210-1:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be ob

4、tained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Copyright European Committee for Standardization

5、 Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15210-1 December 2009 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15210-1:2005English Version Solid biofuels - Determin

6、ation of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes - Part 1: Pellets Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la rsistance mcanique des granuls et des briquettes - Partie 1 : Granuls Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der mechanischen Festigkeit von Pellets und Briketts - Teil 1: Pellets This

7、European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 October 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical referenc

8、es concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member int

9、o its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia

10、, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

11、 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15210-1:2009: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

12、IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 45 Apparatus .46 Sample preparation .67 Procedure .68 Calculation of the mechanical durability .69 Precision and bias .710 Test report 7Annex A (informative)

13、 Example of pellet tester with two boxes .9Bibliography . 10Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 152

14、10-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting

15、 national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document super

16、sedes CEN/TS 15210-1:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary

17、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction

18、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard aims to define the requirements and method used for testing the mechanical durability of pellets. It is intended for persons and organisations that manufacture, plan, sell, er

19、ect or use machinery, equipment, tools and entire plants related to such pellets, and to all persons and organisations involved in producing, purchasing, selling and utilising pellets. The durability is the measure of the resistance of densified fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence

20、of handling and transportation processes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amend

21、ments) applies. CEN/TS 14588:2003, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total

22、moisture Simplified method CEN/TS 14778-1, Solid biofuels Sampling Part 1: Methods for sampling CEN/TS 14780, Solid biofuels Methods for sample preparation ISO 3310-2, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose

23、s of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 14588:2003 apply. 4 Principle The test sample is subjected to controlled shocks by collision of pellets against each other and against the walls of a specified rotating test chamber. The durability is calculated from the mass of sample re

24、maining after separation of abraded and fine broken particles. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Pellet tester The structure and dimensions of the pellets tester are shown in Figure 1 (see also informative Annex A). Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleN

25、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 5 Key 1 Filling door 2 Drive shaft 3 Baffle Figure 1 Structure of the main parts of the pellet tester The pellet tester shall consist of a dust tight box. This box shall be made of rigid materia

26、l with smooth and flat surfaces (e.g. stainless steel plate). The inner dimensions of the box shall be of (300 3) mm (300 3) mm (125 1,3) mm; it shall rotate at 50 rpm about an axis, which is perpendicular to and centred in the 300 mm sides. A (230 2,3) mm long baffle is affixed symmetrically to a d

27、iagonal of one 300 mm 300 mm side of the box. The baffle extends (50 1,0) mm into the box (see Figure 1) and is securely fastened to the back of the box. The edges of the baffle shall not be sharp but rounded to avoid any cutting effect. A door may be placed in any side. Projections, such as rivets

28、and screws, shall be kept to a minimum and well rounded (alternatively flathead screws may be used). 5.2 Sieve A sieve with round screen holes of 3,15 mm diameter and suitable for manual screening in accordance with ISO 3310-2. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under l

29、icense with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 6 5.3 Balance A balance with weighing capacity of 2 kg and capable of measuring the mass to the nearest 0,1 g. 6 Sample preparation The sample used for the determin

30、ation of mechanical durability shall be taken according to CEN/TS 14778. If it is necessary divide the mass of the sample use coning and quartering method according to CEN/TS 14780. The minimum size of the sample shall be 2,5 kg. Divide the sample into four equal portions according to CEN/TS 14780.

31、Take one portion for the determination of the total moisture content according to EN 14774 Part 1 or Part 2. Weigh two of the remaining sample portions and then separate particles passing 3,15 mm sieve by hand sieving, using a sieve as described in 5.2. The sieving shall be done in a way that the fi

32、ne particles are separated but the creation of new fine particles is avoided. This is usually achieved when a sample portion of 1 kg to 1,5 kg is shaken in about five to ten circular movements on a sieve of 40 cm diameter. If other equipment is used, the procedure and the test portion size can be ad

33、justed to achieve the same effect. Weigh the amount of pellets retained on the sieve and calculate the initial amount of particles passing through the 3,15 mm sieve in the sample portion in weight %. NOTE Attention is drawn to the fact that rough treatment during sample reduction and screening might

34、 influence the result. 7 Procedure 7.1 General A minimum of two determinations shall be carried out on the test sample. 7.2 Tumbling procedure Take a test portion of (500 10) g. For pellets above 12 mm diameter (500 50) g is allowed. Place the test portion of the sieved pellets, weighed to the neare

35、st 0,1 g, in the tumbling box device. Tumble the sample at (50 2) rpm for 500 rotations. After this number of rotations the sample is removed and passed manually through a sieve according to 5.2. 7.3 Sieving procedure The sieving shall be done in a way that the fine particles are separated but the c

36、reation of new fine particles is avoided. This is usually achieved when the sample portion of 0,5 kg is shaken in about five to ten circular movements on a sieve of 40 cm diameter. If other equipment is used, the procedure and the test portion size can be adjusted to achieve the same effect. The sie

37、ving has to be done completely. The sample remaining on the sieve shall be weighed. The percent of whole pellets (particles remaining on the sieve) shall be calculated. Pellet durability is defined according to Clause 8. 8 Calculation of the mechanical durability The mechanical durability of pellets

38、 shall be calculated using the following equation: Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 7 100EA=mmDU(1) where DUis the mechanical

39、 durability, in %; mEis the mass of pre-sieved pellets before the tumbling treatment, in g; mAis the mass of sieved pellets after the tumbling treatment, in g. The result shall be calculated to two decimal places and the mean result shall be rounded to the nearest 0,1 % for reporting. 9 Precision an

40、d bias 9.1 General Table 1 Repeatability and reproducibility Durability Maximum acceptable differences between results obtained Repeatability limit % absolute Reproducibility critical difference % absolute Durability above or equal to 97,5 % 0,4 0,8 Durability under 97,5 % 2 3 9.2 Repeatability The

41、results of the duplicate determinations (performed within a short period of time, but not simultaneously) in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same apparatus on two representative test portions taken from the same sample, shall not differ by more than the values given in Table 1. 9.

42、3 Reproducibility The means of the results of duplicate determinations, performed in each of two different laboratories on representative test portions taken from the same sample shall not differ by more than the values given in Table 1. 10 Test report The test report shall include at least the foll

43、owing information: a) identification of laboratory performing test and the date when the test was undertaken; b) identification of product or sample tested and the number of duplicates tested; c) reference to this European Standard; d) result of the mechanical durability (as received) as mean value

44、and the moisture content (as received); e) any unusual features noted during the determination; Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009

45、(E) 8 f) any operation not included in this European Standard, or regarded as optional; g) amount of particles passing through the 3,15 mm sieve, in weight % separated from the sample before the determination; Additional reporting (informative): h) result of the mechanical durability (as received) f

46、or all individual replications. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 9 Annex A (informative) Example of pellet tester with two bo

47、xes Figure A.1 Pellet tester with two boxes Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15210-1:2009EN 15210-1:2009 (E) 10 Bibliography 1 ASAE 269.4 DEC 96, Cubes, Pell

48、ets and Crumbles Definitions and Methods for Determining Density, Durability and Moisture Content 2 TEMMERMAN M., RABIER F., DAUGBJERG JENSEN P., HARTMANN H., BHM T., 2006, Comparative study of durability test methods for pellets and briquettes, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 30 (2006), pp. 964-972, Pergamon. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wi