ECA TEP197-A-1997 Preparation of X-Radiation Characteristic Curves for Cathode Ray Tubes《阴极射线管X射线特征曲线制备》.pdf
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1、 STD-EIA TEPL97-A-ENGL L997 = 3234b00 05bL37 583 TEPAC PUBLICATION Preparation of X-radiation Characteristic Curves for Cathode Ray Tubes TEPl97-A OCTOBER 1997 ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT STD EIA TEPL77-A-ENGL 3234hOO 058bL40 2T5 . NOTICE EIA Engineering Standards and Pu
2、blications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchasers in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their partic
3、ular needs. Existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of EL4 from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications, nor shali the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use
4、by those other than EL4 members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by EIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, EL4 does not assume any liability to any patent
5、 owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. Technical Publications are distinguished from EIA Standards or Interim standards in that they contain a compilation of engineering data or information useful to the technical community and represent a
6、pproaches to good engineering practices that are suggested by the formulating committee. This Publication is not intended to preclude or discourage other approaches that similarly represent good engineering practice, or that may be acceptable to, or have been accepted by, appropriate bodies. Parties
7、 who wish to bring other approaches to the attention of the formulating committee to be considered for inclusion in future revisions of this publication are encouraged to do so. It is the intention of the formulating committee to revise and update this publication from time to time as may be occasio
8、ned by changes in technology, industry practice, or government regulations, or for other appropriate reasons. prom Roject No. 3979, formulated under the cognizance of the JT-32 Electron Tube Safety Committee.) Published by ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIAON 1997 Engineering Department 2500 Wilson Boule
9、vard Arlington, VA 22201 PRTCE: Please refer to the current Catalog of EIA, JEDEC, and TIA STANDARDS and ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) All rights reserved Pnnted in U.S.A. STD-EIA TEPL77-A-ENGL 1777 - 3234b
10、00 058bL4L L3L c Preparation of X-radiation Characteristic Curves for Cathode Ray Tubes CONTENTS Page I Foreword 111 1 Introduction 1 2 Adjustment of X-radiation data 1 2.1 Normalization to a different beam current 2 2.2 Calculation of X-radiation at minimum glass thickness and minimum absorption co
11、efficient 2.3 Data acquisition 4 3 Construction of X-radiation characteristic cuves 7 3.1 Color - entire tube 7 3.2 Color - tube anode contact 9 3.3 Monochrome - cathode ray tubes 14 4 References 16 Foreword STD.EIA TEPL7-A-ENGL 1997 3234b00 05bL42 078 I This standard was prepared by the Electronic
12、industries Associations JT-32 Electronic Tube Safety Committee Task Force on X-ray Measurements. iii Previous page is blank TEP 197-A Page 1 1 Introduction In accordance with the Radiation Control for the Health and Safety Act of 1968, cathode ray tube (CRT) manufacturers are required to submit an i
13、nitial report to the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The initial report for cathode ray tubes must provide results of the testing and measuring of the X-radiation emissions from a cathode ray tube. The initial r
14、eport for a new CRT tube is submitted by a manufacturer. The parts of the initial report to be discussed by this document are the preparation of the data plots for X-radiation limit curves and 36 pAikg isoexposure-rate limit curves. The X-radiation limit cuwe defines the relationship between CRT hig
15、h- voltage and the X-radiation exposure rate (pNkg) under a constant beam current. The “36 pNkg isoexposure rate limit curve“ defines the combinations of CRT anode voltages and beam currents that produce a constant rate, in this case 36 pAikg, of X-radiation emission from the CRT. Usually, such limi
16、t curves represent the worst case conditions for X-radiation emission from the CRT. Pertinent parameters to be reported are the registration reference points and limit curve slope factors. Throughout this document the terms CRT high-voltage“ and “anode voltage“ mean the overall acceleration of the e
17、lectron beam from cathode to final anode. Two limit curves should be developed, one for the entire CRT and one for the anode contact. The following instruction for the preparation of the X-radiation characteristic curves is recommended to insure uniformity throughout the CRT industry. NOTE-TO confor
18、m with the International System of Units (SI) dimensions, the unit for radiation exposure of pA4g“ (picoamperes per kilogram) has replaced “mWh“. The SI equivalent of 0.5 mWh is 36 pikg. The relationship between the two measurements scales is: 1 mWh = 72 pNkg 2 Adjustment of X-radiation data In the
19、development of X-ray limit curves, five adjustments are made to the original data. All of these changes could, in principle, be accomplished “physically“; that is, by actually measuring tubes that were constructed of minimum specified glassware and tested at the standard reference beam current. Howe
20、ver, the practicality of such testing is beyond tube manufacturing and radiation detection methods of accomplishment. Adjustment of the X-radiation data to glass of minimum thickness and minimum absorption coefficient, with additional safety margin, is a five step process. Step 1) Step 2) Step 3) St
21、ep 4) Step 5) Adjust exposure rate data for background, meter calibration factor, etc. detection system operations manual. Refer to The test beam current is normalized to the standard reference current (see 2.3.5) specified for the tube being tested. See 2.1. Convert the data from step 2 to the expo
22、sure rate expected from a tube constructed with materials that are of minimum specifications for glass and glass absorption. See 2.3.6. thickness Calculate the sample average (x), sample standard deviation (o), and (% + 30 ) for the converted data from the previous step. See 2.3.7. Establish a guard
23、band for the results from step 4. See 3.1.5. TEP 197-A Page 2 It may be instructional at this time to review the consequences of making the various adjustments to the measured X-ray data. To this end a hypothetical X-radiation curve was synthesized. 2.1 Normalization to a different beam current Beca
24、use the X-radiation exposure rate is linearly proportional to the beam current, shifting from one beam current level to another is done by simple proportion. The curve is simply translated up or down. In figure 1, the original curve (It, = 300 fi) has been shifted upward by a factor of 10. In practi
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