DIN EN ISO 14855-1-2013 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon di.pdf

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1、April 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 14No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、13.030.99; 83.080.01!$O“1999344www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 14855-1Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plasticmaterials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2012);English version EN ISO 14855-1:2012,Eng

3、lish translation of DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04Bestimmung der vollstndigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unterden Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides Teil 1: Allgemeines Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2012);Englische Fa

4、ssung EN ISO 14855-1:2012,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04valuation de la biodgradabilit arobie ultime des matriaux plastiques dans desconditions contrles de compostage Mthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libr Partie 1: Mthode gnrale (ISO 14855-1:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO

5、 14855-1:2012,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04SupersedesDIN EN ISO 14855-1:2008-05andDIN EN ISO 14855-1Corrigendum 1:2010-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises 26 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.03.13DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04 2 A com

6、ma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 14855-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” (Secretariat: SAC, China) and has been taken over by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” (Secretariat: NBN, Belgium). The responsible German bod

7、y involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Kunststoffe (Plastics Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 054-01-07 AA Bioabbaubare Kunststoffe. As regards the concept “compost” and the recommendation that compost be taken from a municipal waste plant, users of this standard should take

8、 note of the relevant legislation in Germany (namely, the Bioabfall-verordnung (BioAbfV) (Biowaste Ordinance) and Dngemittelverordnung (DMV) (Fertilizer Ordinance). According to these Ordinances “compost” is categorized either as Dngemittel (fertilizer) or as a Bodenhilfs-stoff (soil improver), depe

9、nding on the nutrient content (compare Note to Subclause 3.2). Furthermore, in Germany the Biowaste Ordinance only allows the composting of biological wastes which have been collected separately, but does not allow the use of biological wastes taken from unseparated municipal waste (compare with Cla

10、use 4 and Note 1 to Subclause 8.1). The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in Clause 2 of this standard are as follows: ISO 5663 DIN EN 25663 ISO 8245 DIN EN 1484 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2008-05 and DIN EN ISO 14855-1 Corrigendum 1

11、:2010-05 as follows: a) normative references are now undated; b) in Subclause 8.1, fourth paragraph, second line, “no more than” has been replaced by “more than”; c) Figure B.2 has been replaced; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 14855: 2004-10 DIN EN ISO 148

12、55-1: 2007-11, 2008-05 DIN EN ISO 14855-1 Corrigendum 1: 2010-05 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography 1 DIN EN 1484, Water analysis Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 2 DIN EN 25663, Water quality Determination of Kjeldahl nitrog

13、en Method after mineralization with selenium EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14855-1 December 2012 ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 14855-1:2007English Version Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions -

14、 Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 1: General method (ISO 14855-1:2012) valuation de la biodgradabilit arobie ultime des matriaux plastiques dans des conditions contrles de compostage - Mthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libr - Partie 1: Mthode gnrale (ISO 14855-1:2012) Besti

15、mmung der vollstndigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides - Teil 1: Allgemeines Verfahren (ISO 14855-1:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 November

16、2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtaine

17、d on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-C

18、ENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I

19、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix

20、 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14855-1:2012: EContents DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04 EN ISO 14855-1:2012 (E) 2 Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms a

21、nd definitions .5 4 Principle 6 5 Test environment .7 6 Reagents .7 6.1 TLC (thin-layer chromatography) grade cellulose .7 6.2 Vermiculite 7 7 Apparatus .8 8 Procedure .9 8.1 Preparation of the inoculum .9 8.2 Preparation of test material and reference material .9 8.3 Start-up of the test .10 8.4 In

22、cubation period .10 8.5 Termination of the test 11 8.6 Use of vermiculite 11 8.7 Recovery procedure and carbon balance when using vermiculite 12 9 Calculation and expression of results .13 9.1 Calculation of the theoretical amount of carbon dioxide 13 9.2 Calculation of the percentage biodegradation

23、 .13 9.3 Calculation of loss in mass 13 9.4 Expression of results 13 10 Validity of results .14 11 Test report 14 Annex A (informative) Principle of test system 15 Annex B (informative) Examples of graphical representation of carbon dioxide evolution and biodegradation curves 16 Annex C (informative

24、) Example of mass loss determination18 Annex D (informative) Round-robin testing 20 Annex E (informative) Examples of forms 21 Bibliography 24 Foreword This document (EN ISO 14855-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 24

25、9 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2013. A

26、ttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 14855-1:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Reg

27、ulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

28、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14855-1:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14855-1:2012 without any modification. “ DI

29、N EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04 EN ISO 14855-1:2012 (E) 3 IntroductionThe main method specified in this part of ISO 14855 uses a solid-phase respirometric test system based on mature compost used as a solid bed, a source of nutrients, and an inoculum rich in thermophilic microorganisms. Mature compost is a

30、 very heterogeneous and complex material. Therefore, it can be difficult to quantify the residual polymeric material left in the bed at the end of the test, to detect possible low-molecular-mass molecules released into the solid bed by the polymeric material during degradation, and to assess the bio

31、mass. As a result, it can be difficult to perform a complete carbon balance. Another difficulty which is sometimes encountered with mature compost is a “priming effect”: the organic matter present in large amounts in the mature compost can undergo polymer-induced degradation, known as the “priming e

32、ffect”, which affects the measurement of the biodegradability.To overcome these difficulties and to improve the reliability of the method, the mature compost can be replaced by a solid mineral medium which is used as the composting bed, thus facilitating analyses. This variant can be used to measure

33、 the biodegradation in terms of CO2evolution, to quantify and analyse the biomass and the residues of polymeric material left in the solid bed at the end of the test, and to perform a complete carbon balance. Furthermore, the method is not significantly affected by the priming effect and can, theref

34、ore, be used to assess materials known to cause this problem with mature compost. The mineral bed can also be subjected to an ecotoxicological analysis to verify the absence of any ecotoxic activity in the bed after biodegradation.DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04 EN ISO 14855-1:2012 (E) 4 WARNING Sewage,

35、activated sludge, soil and compost may contain potentially pathogenic organisms. Therefore appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic test compounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care.1 ScopeThis part of ISO 14855 specifies a method for the dete

36、rmination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastics, based on organic compounds, under controlled composting conditions by measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved and the degree of disintegration of the plastic at the end of the test. This method is designed to simulate typica

37、l aerobic composting conditions for the organic fraction of solid mixed municipal waste. The test material is exposed to an inoculum which is derived from compost. The composting takes place in an environment wherein temperature, aeration and humidity are closely monitored and controlled. The test m

38、ethod is designed to yield the percentage conversion of the carbon in the test material to evolved carbon dioxide as well as the rate of conversion.Subclauses 8.6 and 8.7 specify a variant of the method, using a mineral bed (vermiculite) inoculated with thermophilic microorganisms obtained from comp

39、ost with a specific activation phase, instead of mature compost. This variant is designed to yield the percentage of carbon in the test substance converted to carbon dioxide and the rate of conversion.The conditions described in this part of ISO 14855 may not always correspond to the optimum conditi

40、ons for the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includin

41、g any amendments) applies.ISO 5663, Water quality Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen Method after mineralization with seleniumISO 8245, Water quality Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this docum

42、ent, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1ultimate aerobic biodegradationbreakdown of an organic compound by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) plus new biomassDIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04 EN ISO

43、14855-1:2012 (E) 5 3.2compostingaerobic process designed to produce compostNOTE Compost is an organic soil conditioner obtained by biodegradation of a mixture consisting principally of vegetable residues, occasionally with other organic material, and having a limited mineral content.3.3disintegratio

44、nphysical breakdown of a material into very small fragments3.4total dry solidsamount of solids obtained by taking a known volume of test material or compost and drying at about 105 C to constant mass3.5volatile solidsamount of solids obtained by subtracting the residue of a known volume of test mate

45、rial or compost after incineration at about 550 C from the total dry solids of the same sampleNOTE The volatile-solids content is an indication of the amount of organic matter present.3.6theoretical amount of evolved carbon dioxideThCO2maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved after compl

46、etely oxidizing a chemical compound, calculated from the molecular formula and expressed as milligrams of carbon dioxide evolved per milligram or gram of test compound3.7lag phasetime, measured in days, from the start of a test until adaptation and/or selection of the degrading microorganisms is ach

47、ieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter has increased to about 10 % of the maximum level of biodegradation3.8maximum level of biodegradationdegree of biodegradation, measured in per cent, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above which no furth

48、er biodegradation takes place during the test3.9biodegradation phasetime, measured in days, from the end of the lag phase of a test until about 90 % of the maximum level of biodegradation has been reached3.10plateau phasetime, measured in days, from the end of the biodegradation phase until the end

49、of a test3.11activated vermiculitevermiculite colonized by an active microbial population during a preliminary growth phase4 PrincipleThe test method determines the ultimate biodegradability and degree of disintegration of test material under conditions simulating an intensive aerobic composting process. The inoculum used consists of stabilized, mature compost derived, if possible, from composting the organic fraction of solid municipal waste.DIN EN ISO 14855-1:2013-04 EN ISO 14855-1:2012 (E) 6 The test material is mixed