DIN EN ISO 10427-2-2005 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Equipment for well cementing - Part 2 Centralizer placement and stop-collar testing (ISO 10427-2 2004) English versio.pdf

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1、Juli 2005DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Erd l- und Erdgasgewinnung (N G) im DINPreisgruppe 11DIN Deutsches Institut f r Normung e.V. Jede Art der Vervielf ltigung, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des DIN Deutsches Institut f r Normung e. V., Berlin, gestattet.ICS 75.180.10:; 9545253www.din.deX

2、DIN EN ISO 10427-2Erd l und Erdgasindustrie Zentriereinrichtungen f r Futterrohre Teil 2: Anordnung des Zentrierers und Pr fung des Anschlagbundes (ISO 104272:2004);Englische Fassung EN ISO 104272:2004Petroleum and natural gas industries Equipment for well cementing Part 2: Centralizer placement and

3、 stopcollar testing (ISO 104272:2004);English version EN ISO 104272:2004Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel quipement de cimentation de puits Partie 2: Mise en place des centreurs et essai des colliers d arrt (ISO 104272:2004);Version anglaise EN ISO 104272:2004Alleinverkauf der Normen durch Beut

4、h Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin www.beuth.deGesamtumfang 20 SeitenDIN EN ISO 10427-2:2005-072Nationales VorwortDiese Europische Norm wurde vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 12 Materialien, Ausrstungen undOffshore-Bauwerke fr die Erdl, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie (Sekretariat: Frankreich) erstellt. E

5、shandelt sich dabei um die unvernderte bernahme von ISO 10427-2:2004, erarbeitet von ISO/TC 67Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries,Subkomitee SC 3 Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements.Fr Deutschland hat hieran der Arbeitskre

6、is 12/67 AK 3 Bohrsplung und Zemente im NormenausschussErdl- und Erdgasgewinnung (NG) mitgearbeitet.Diese Europische Norm enthlt unter Bercksichtigung des DIN-Prsidialbeschlusses 13/1983 nur dieenglische Originalfassung der ISO-Norm.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 10427-2May 20

7、04ICS 75.180.10English versionPetroleum and natural gas industries Equipment for wellcementing Part 2: Centralizer placement and stop-collartesting (ISO 10427-2:2004)Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Equipement decimentation de puits Partie 2: Mise en place descentreurs et essai des colliers da

8、rrt (ISO 10427-2:2004)Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie Zentriereinrichtungen frFutterrohre Teil 2: Anordnung des Zentrierers undPrfung des Anschlagbundes (ISO 10427-2:2004)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations w

9、hich stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Stan

10、dard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standar

11、ds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE

12、 FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 10427-2:2004: EEN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)2Co

13、ntents PageForeword . 3Introduction 41 Scope 52 Normative references . 53 Terms and definitions. 54Methods for estimating centralizer placement. 64.1 General. 74.2 Standoff ratio calculation. 74.3 Buoyed weight of casing 94.4 Calculations for centralizer spacing . 105 Procedure for testing stop coll

14、ars 125.1 General. 125.2 Apparatus. 135.3 Test procedure 145.4 Reporting of test results 15Annex A (informative) Documentation of stop-collar test results . 16Bibliography . 18EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN ISO 10427-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Mate

15、rials,equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries“ in collaboration with TechnicalCommittee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gasindustries“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given

16、 the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by November 2004.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations

17、 of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spa

18、in, Sweden, Switzerlandand United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 10427-2:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10427-2:2004 without anymodifications.EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)4IntroductionThis part of ISO 10427 is based on API Specification 10D, 5th edition, January 1995 1.In this part of

19、ISO 10427, where practical, U.S. Customary units are included in brackets for information.EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)51 ScopeThis part of ISO 10427 provides calculations for determining centralizer spacing, based on centralizerperformance and desired standoff, in deviated and dogleg holes in wells for t

20、he petroleum and natural gasindustries. It also provides a procedure for testing stop collars and reporting test results.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated r

21、eferences, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments) applies.ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:3.1annular c

22、learance for perfectly centred casingwellbore diameter minus casing outside diameter divided by two3.2centralizer permanent setchange in centralizer bow height after repeated flexingNOTE A bow-spring centralizer is considered to have reached permanent set after being flexed 12 times.3.3flexedconditi

23、on of a bow-spring when a force three times the specified minimum restoring force (Gb1 5 %) has beenapplied to itISO 10427-1:2001, 3.1NOTE Specified minimum restoring force values are found in Table 1 of ISO 10427-1:2001.3.4holding devicedevice employed to fix the stop collar or centralizer to the c

24、asingEXAMPLE Set screws, nails, mechanical dogs and epoxy resins.ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.23.5holding forcemaximum force required to initiate slippage of a stop collar on the casingISO 10427-1:2001, 3.33.6hole sizediameter of the wellboreISO 10427-1:2001EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)63.7limit clampequivalent te

25、rm for a stop collar3.8restoring forceforce exerted by a centralizer against the casing to keep it away from the wellbore wallNOTE Restoring-force values can vary based on the installation methods.ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.53.9rigid centralizercentralizer manufactured with bows, blades or bars that do not

26、 flexNOTE Adapted from ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.6.3.10running forcemaximum force required to move a centralizer through a specified wellbore diameterNOTE Running-force values can vary based on the installation methods.ISO 10427-1:20013.11sag pointpoint where the casing deflection is at a maximumNOTE Casi

27、ng that is supported at two points will tend to sag between the support points, this sag is called the casingsag or casing deflection.3.12slippage force rangerange of forces required to continue to move a stop collar after the holding force has been overcome3.13solid centralizercentralizer manufactu

28、red in such a manner as to be a solid device with nonflexible fins or bandsNOTE These centralizers have solid bodies and solid blades.3.14standoffsmallest distance between the outside diameter of the casing and the wellboreISO 10427-1:2001, 3.83.15standoff ratioRsratio of standoff to annular clearan

29、ce for perfectly centred casingNOTE 1 It is expressed as a percentage.NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.9.EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)73.16starting forcemaximum force required to insert a centralizer into a specified wellbore diameterNOTE Starting-force values can vary based on the installation met

30、hods.ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.103.17stop collardevice attached to the casing to prevent movement of a casing centralizerNOTE A stop collar can be either an independent piece of equipment or integral with the centralizer.ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.114 Methods for estimating centralizer placement4.1 GeneralThe eq

31、uations presented below are based on certain assumptions and are considered sufficiently accurate forgeneral use. More specific calculations based on complete wellbore data may be available but are beyond thescope of this document.There is no recommendation or requirement for a specific standoff rat

32、io for casing centralization. The standoffratio of 67 % is used in the specification for the purpose of setting a minimum standard for performance ofcasing bow-spring centralizers only. This number is used only in the specifications for bow-spring typecentralizers and deals with the minimum force fo

33、r each size of centralizer at that standoff. The 67 % standoffratio is not intended to represent the minimum acceptable amount of standoff required to obtain successfulcentralization of the casing. The user is encouraged to apply the standoff ratio required for specific wellconditions based on well

34、requirements and sound engineering judgement.Even a minor change in inclination and/or azimuth, with the string of casing hanging below it, materially affectsthe standoff and the requirements for centralizer placement.The lateral load (force) on a centralizer is composed of two components. The first

35、 is the weight component ofthe section of pipe supported by the centralizer, and the second is the tension component exerted by the pipehanging below the centralizer.4.2 Standoff ratio calculationAnnular clearance (la) for perfectly centred casing can be calculated as follows (see Figure 1):wpa2DDlG

36、2dG3d (1)wherelais the annular clearance for perfectly centred casing, expressed in metres (inches);Dwis the wellbore diameter, expressed in metres (inches);Dpis the casing outside diameter, expressed in metres (inches).EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)8The standoff at the centralizer in a given hole size is

37、represented by the symbol Sc(see Figure 1). Thestandoff at a bow-spring centralizer is taken from the load deflection curve of the centralizer, tested in thathole size, based upon the lateral load applied (see ISO 10427-1:2001, A.1 2).NOTE Differences in hole size alter the load-deflection curve of

38、a centralizer.Since the bows or blades of a solid or rigid centralizer do not deflect, the standoff at the centralizer isdetermined using the rigid or solid blade diameter as follows:cpc2DDSG2dG3d(2)whereScis the standoff at the centralizer, expressed in metres (inches);Dcis the outside diameter of

39、the centralizer solid or rigid blades, expressed in metres (inches).Standoff at the sag point may be determined by Equation (3), which considers the deflection of the casingstring and compression of the centralizers due to lateral load (Figure 1).scSSG64G3dG2d (3)whereSsis the standoff at the sag po

40、int, expressed in metres (inches);G64 is the maximum deflection of the casing between centralizers, expressed in metres (inches).The minimum standoff may occur at the location between centralizers where the deflection (G64) of the casing isat its maximum or at the centralizers. Therefore, standoff (

41、S) of a section of casing is the minimum value ofstandoff at the centralizers (Sc) or standoff at the sag point (Ss).The standoff ratio (Rs) may be calculated as follows:sa100SRlG3dGb4 (4)whereRsis the standoff ratio, expressed as a percentage;S is the standoff, expressed in metres (inches);lais the

42、 annular clearance for perfectly centred casing, expressed in metres (inches).EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)9Key1 wellbore maximum casing deflection2 casing (perfectly centred)Dpcasing outside diameter3 casing (deflected)Dwwellbore diameter4 centralizerScstandoff at the centralizerSsstandoff at the sag poi

43、ntFigure 1 Calculation of casing standoff in a wellbore4.3 Buoyed weight of casing4.3.1 GeneralThe buoyed weight of casing is the effective weight of the casing in the well. Consideration is given to thedensities of the fluids inside and outside the casing, and the weight of the casing in air.4.3.2

44、Generalized equationThe following is a generalization of the treatment of effective weight of casing to accommodate differentinternal and external fluids, based upon a model developed by Juvkam-Wold and Baxter3.bbWWfG3dGd7 (5)2e iisp sb2i2p111DDfDDG72 G72G72 G72Ge6Gf6Ge6Gf6 Ge6Gf6G2dG2d G2dGe7Gf7Ge7

45、Gf7 Ge7Gf7Ge7Gf7Ge8Gf8 Ge8Gf8Ge8Gf8G3dGe6Gf6Ge7Gf7G2dGe7Gf7Ge8Gf8(6)whereWbis the unit buoyed weight of the casing, expressed in newtons per metre (pound-force per inch);W is the unit weight of casing in air, expressed in newtons per metre (pound-force per inch);fbis the buoyancy factor;Diis the ins

46、ide diameter of the casing, expressed in metres (inches);Dpis the casing outside diameter, expressed in metres (inches);EN ISO 10427-2:2004 (E)10iis the density of the fluid inside the casing, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pound-mass pergallon);sis the density of the casing, expressed in k

47、ilograms per cubic metre (pound-mass per gallon);eis the density of the fluid outside the casing, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pound-massper gallon).4.3.3 DiscussionThe buoyed weight of the casing being cemented changes during a cementing operation. As the densities ofthe fluids inside th

48、e casing and the annulus change, the relative buoyed weight tends to reach a maximumwhen the highest density fluid is inside the casing, and a minimum when the highest density fluid is in theannulus. In the calculation of buoyed weight for centralizer spacing, the densities of the fluids both inside

49、 thecasing and in the annulus should be considered. The calculated centralizer spacing can vary depending onthe selection of fluid densities present during the cement job. The standoff ratio will change as the fluiddensities change, and the user should note at what point during the cement job the required centralizationstandoff ratio needs to be met, and the appropriate buoyed weight for use in the calculations.4.4 Calculations for centralizer spacing4.4.1 GeneralThe equations are valid only for casin