DIN 1319-2-2005 Fundamentals of metrology - Part 2 Terminology related to measuring equipment《计量学基础 第2部分 与测量设备相关的术语》.pdf

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1、October 2005DEUTSCHE NORM Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (D

2、IN-Normen).ICS 01.040.17; 17.020!,vW,“9835209www.din.deDDIN 1319-2Basic concepts in metrology Part 2: Terminology related to measuring equipmentGrundlagen der Messtechnik Teil 2: Begriffe fr MessmittelsupersedesDIN 1319-2:1980-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises 13 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-lan

3、guage original should be consulted as the authoritative text.11.07DIN 1319-1:1995-01Together with DIN 1319-2:2005-10 2 Foreword This series of standards has been jointly prepared by the Normenausschuss Technische Grundlagen (NATG) (Fundamental Technical Standards Committee), Section A “Units and uni

4、t symbols in physics and mathema-tics (AEF)” of DIN, in cooperation with the VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA) (VDI/VDE Society for Measurement and Automatic Control) and the Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik im DIN und VDE (DKE) (German Com

5、mission for Electrical, Electronic see 14, for such terms in German. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced do

6、cument (including any amendments) applies. DIN 1319-1:1995-01, Basic concepts in metrology Part 1: General concepts DIN 1319-2:2005-10 4 3 Terms and definitions NOTE Numbers in parentheses refer to the numbered clause of this standard in which the term is defined. Terms marked with an asterisk (*) a

7、re defined in DIN 1319-1. Table 1 Terms and definitions No. Term Definition Examples 3.1 measuring equipment Messmittel measuring instrument*, measuring system*, reference material*, (measurement) standard* or auxiliary equipment needed to carry out measurement NOTE 1 Includes equipment used for enu

8、meration*, classification*, calibration*, inspection or verification*. NOTE 2 Auxiliary equipment may also include documentation and software. 3.1.1 test equipment testing equipment Prfmittel measuring equipment (3.1) used for testing purposes 3.1.2 gauge Lehre measuring instrument* that represents

9、a dimension or form, normally in reference to limit values calliper gauge 3.2 Measuring instruments with direct indication 3.2.1 indicating measuring instrument anzeigendes Messgert measuring instrument* with an indicating device (3.4.2) NOTE In the case of material measures* the marking(s) represen

10、t the indication* a) voltmeter with scale indication b) digit frequency meter c) micrometer callipers DIN 1319-2:2005-10 5 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples 3.2.2 analogue indicating measuring instrument Messgert mit Skalenanzeige measuring instrument* where either a mark adjusts to a

11、 position on the scale (3.4.1), generally continuously, or the scale adjusts to the mark NOTE The mark can be a pointer, a vernier line, an edge, the meniscus of a liquid column, etc. 3.2.3 digital indicating measuring instrument Messgert mit Ziffernanzeige measuring instrument* with a digitized ind

12、ication* NOTE 1 The indication can involve an automatic evaluation of decimals (indication by powers of ten, automatic floating-point). NOTE 2 An analogue (3.2.2) and a digital indication can be combined. 3.2.4 recording measuring instrument registrierendes Messgert measuring instrument* with a reco

13、rding device (3.4.3) a) tachograph b) scale (weighing apparatus) that records the weighed value on a storage medium 3.2.5 totalizing measuring instrument summierendes Messgert measuring instrument* that determines the value* of a measurand* by summation of partial values of that measurand a) totaliz

14、ing railway weighbridge b) positive displacement flow meter c) petroleum piston meter 3.2.6 integrating measuring instrument integrierendes Messgert measuring instrument* that determines the value* of a measurand* by integrating a quantity* with respect to another quantity a) electrical energy meter

15、 b) turbine flow meter c) planimeter 3.2.7 counting measuring instrument zhlendes Messgert measuring instrument* that represents the measured value* by means of a number of items NOTE The following are NOT deemed counting measuring instruments according to this definition: electrical energy meter, h

16、eat counters, water meters, gas meters, petroleum flowmeters, etc. a) piece counter b) blood count analyzer c) counting scales (scales for determining the number of similar elements) DIN 1319-2:2005-10 6 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples 3.3 Measuring instruments with indirect indicat

17、ion 3.3.1 measuring transducer Messumformer measuring equipment (3.1) that transforms an input quantity* into an output quantity* on the basis of a determined relationship NOTE 1 In German a Messumformer may also be referred to as a Messwandler if the same physical quantity* is displayed at the inpu

18、t and output and it functions without auxiliary power. NOTE 2 In German a Messumformer may also be referred to as a Messverstrker if the same physical quantity* is displayed at the input and output and it functions with auxiliary power. voltage output pressure transducer that converts input pressure

19、s of 0 to 100 bar to an output voltage of 0 to 10 Vdc 3.3.2 measuring converter (signal converter) Messumsetzer measuring transducer (3.3.1) for converting the structure of measuring signals* NOTE Measuring signals* can have an analogue or digital structure; the digital coding may vary. a) analogue-

20、to-digital converter (ADC) b) digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) c) (digital) code converter 3.4 Displaying (indicating) devices, scales 3.4.1 scale Skale part of a displaying (indicating) device (3.4.2) consisting of an ordered set of marks and numbers 3.4.2 displaying (indicating) device Anzeigee

21、inrichtung device that displays an indication* a) patient monitor at an intensive care station b) remote display at a measurement station c) counter of a domestic water heater 3.4.3 recording device Registriereinrichtung device that provides a record of an indication* a) data recorder b) data printe

22、r c) disk drive DIN 1319-2:2005-10 7 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples 3.4.4 line scale Strichskale scale (3.4.1) having an ordered set of graduated markings (scale marks) on a dial or other scale carrier (scale face) 3.4.5 digital scale Ziffernskale scale (3.4.1) having an ordered se

23、t of digits on a display background; normally only the digits representing the current indication are displayed NOTE Sometimes a digital scale is combined with a line scale (3.4.4), e.g. in integrating instruments (3.2.6) such as planimeters. Here the line scale gives the last digit(s) of the indica

24、tion* 3.4.6 linear scale lineare Skale line scale (3.4.4) in which the relationship of each scale spacing to the corresponding scale intervals (3.4.8) is constant 3.4.7 nonlinear scale nichtlineare Skale line scale (3.4.4) in which the relationship of each scale spacing to the corresponding scale in

25、tervals (3.4.8) is not constant a) logarithmic scale b) square-law scale c) empirical scale 3.4.8 scale interval Skalenteilungswert difference between the values corresponding to two successive scale marks or digits NOTE 1 The scale interval is expressed in the units* marked on the scale (3.4.1). NO

26、TE 2 In the case of digital scales (3.4.5) the scale interval is sometimes referred to as the “numerical interval”. NOTE 3 (Relevant to German original only). 3.4.9 instrument constant Gertekonstante constant characteristic to the measuring instrument* by which the indication* (output) must be multi

27、plied to obtain the measured value* NOTE 1 Multi-range measuring instruments with a single scale (3.4.1) have several constants. NOTE 2 Where the instrument constant is the number one, it is generally not shown on the instrument. DIN 1319-2:2005-10 8 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples

28、3.5 Dosing, sorting 3.5.1 dosing, proportioning Dosieren obtaining a portion of a material or substance according to a specified value* of a physical quantity* NOTE Dosing includes taking out portions of a material or substance as well as adding them, and creating mixtures of materials/substances wi

29、th a specified composition. 3.5.2 sorting, assorting Sortieren ordering elements according to the values* of a quantity* sorting (assorting) bearing seats according to diameter 3.6 Operating conditions 3.6.1 rated operating conditions Bemessungsbedingungen conditions of use for which specific metrol

30、ogical characteristics of measuring equipment (3.1) are intended to lie within given limits NOTE 1 The rated operating conditions generally specify ranges or rated values of the measurand* or the influence quantities*. NOTE 2 (Relevant to the German original only.) 3.6.2 limiting conditions Grenzbed

31、ingungen extreme conditions that measuring equipment (3.1) is required to withstand without damage and without degradation of its specified metrological characteristics when it is subsequently operated under its rated operating conditions (3.6.1) NOTE 1 Limiting conditions for storage, transport and

32、 operation may be different. NOTE 2 Limiting conditions may include limiting values of the measurand* and of the influence quantities. 3.6.3 reference conditions Referenzbedingungen conditions of use prescribed for testing the performance of measuring equipment (3.1) for intercomparison of results o

33、f measurements* DIN 1319-2:2005-10 9 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples 3.7 Characteristics of measuring equipment 3.7.1 nominal value Nennwert rounded (quantity) value* that characterizes measuring equipment (3.1) a) 100 as the value marked on a standard resistor b) 1 l as the value m

34、arked on a single-mark volumetric flask c) 0,1 mol/l as the amount-of- substance concentration of a solution d) 25 C as the set point of a thermostatically controlled bath 3.7.2 accuracy Genauigkeit qualitative description of the closeness of agreement between the indication* of measuring equipment

35、(3.1) and the true value of the input quantity* Definition as in DIN 55350-13 adjusted for measuring equipment NOTE A quantitative description of accuracy can be made by giving the accuracy class*, for instance. 3.7.3 trueness Richtigkeit qualitative description of the closeness of agreement between

36、 the expected value of the indication* of measuring equipment (3.1) and the true value of the input quantity* Definition as in DIN 55350-13 modified for measuring equipment NOTE 1 A quantitative measure of trueness is the systematic error of the indication (bias). NOTE 2 In practice, e.g. in legal m

37、etrology, measuring equipment (3.1) is deemed free of bias when its systematic errors lie within specified limits*. DIN 1319-2:2005-10 10 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples 3.7.4 precision Przision qualitative description of the closeness of agreement between independent values of the

38、indication* of measuring equipment (3.1) for the same input quantity* of that measuring equipment under specified conditions. Definition as in DIN 55350-13 modified for measuring equipment NOTE 1 A quantitative measure of precision is the standard deviation NOTE 2 “Repeatability” (Wiederholprzision)

39、 is precision under repeatability conditions. 3.7.5 datum error Referenzwertabweichung error* of measuring equipment (3.1) at a specified indication* or a specified value* of the measurand*, chosen for checking the equipment 3.7.6 zero error Nullpunktabweichung datum error (3.7.5) for zero value of

40、the measurand* 3.7.7 stability Messbestndigkeit qualitative description of the ability of measuring equipment (3.1) to maintain its metrological characteristics constant over time 3.8 Methods of measurement 3.8.1 direct method of measurement direkte Messmethode method of measurement in which the ind

41、ication* is equal to the measured value* of the measurand* measuring the length of a workpiece using callipers DIN 1319-2:2005-10 11 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples 3.8.2 indirect method of measurement indirekte Messmethode method of measurement in which the measured value* of the m

42、easurand* is obtained by measuring other measurands* a) determining temperature by measuring the voltage of a thermocouple b) determining density by measuring the mass and volume of a body c) determining the average fill quantity of a pre-packaged sample by means of individually measured fill quanti

43、ties 3.8.3 deflection method of measurement Ausschlags-Messmethode method of measurement in which the measured value* is determined by the deflection of an indicating device* determining the pressure in a tank by means of a dial manometer 3.8.4 substitution method of measurement Substitutions-Messme

44、thode method of measurement in which a value* is indicated on the measuring instrument* used for the measurand* and the same measurement procedure is carried out with a known quantity* producing the same value determining the length of a gauge block using a length comparator and a length standard 3.

45、8.5 differential method of measurement Differenz-Messmethode method of measurement in which the measured value* is obtained by determining the difference between the value of the measurand* and a known value NOTE Generally, the difference between the measurand and the known value should be as small

46、as possible. determining the length of a workpiece on the basis of the difference to a working standard*, as determined by means of a fine-line dial indicator 3.8.6 null method of measurement Nullabgleichs-Messmethode Kompensations-Messmethode a differential method of measurement (3.8.5) in which th

47、e value* of the known quantity* is set so that the difference gives the value zero determining electrical resistance using a Wheatstone bridge DIN 1319-2:2005-10 12 Table 1 (continued) No. Term Definition Examples 3.8.7 integration method of measurement integrierende Messmethode method of measuremen

48、t in which the measured value* is determined by integrating the value* of the measurand*. NOTE The quantity* is normally integrated over time. determining electrical energy by integrating instantaneous values for electrical power using an energy meter 3.8.8 analogue method of measurement analoge Mes

49、smethode method of measurement in which the measured value* is determined by means of a continuously variable measurement signal* measuring temperature using a liquid-in-glass thermometer 3.8.9 digital method of measurement digitale Messmethode method of measurement in which the measured value* is determined by means of an incremental measurement signal* measuring rotational speed using a pulse counter DIN 1319-2:2005-10 13 Bibliography 1 DIN 1319-3, Basic concepts in metrology Evaluating measurements of a single me