DIN 1319-1-1995 Fundamentals of metrology - Part 1 Basic terminology《测量技术基础 第1部分 基本术语》.pdf

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1、DEUTSCHE NORM January 1995 Basic concepts in metrology Part 1 : General concepts DIN - 1319-1 ICs 17.020; 01.040.1 7 Descriptors: Metrology, terminology. Supersedes June 1985 edition and partly supersedes January 1980 edition of DIN 131 9-2 and August 1983 edition of DIN 131 9-3. Grundlagen der Mete

2、chnik - Teil 1 : Grundbegriffe In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. The DIN 1319 series of standards comprises the following parts: Part 1 General concepts Part 2 P

3、art 3 Part 4 Foreword This standard has been prepared jointly by the Normenausschu Einheiten und Formelgren (Quantities and Units Standards Committee) and the Normenausschu Qualittsmanagement, Statistik und Zertifizie- rungsgrundlagen (Quality Management, Statistics and Certification Standards Commi

4、ttee), in cooperation with the VDIIVDE-Gesellschaft Me-und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA) (VDINDE Society for Metrology and Automation Technology) and the Deutsche Elektrotechnische Kommission im DIN und VDE (German Electrotechnical Commission of DIN and VDE). Users of this standard should take note

5、of the alphabetical index of defined concepts at the end of the standard, as well as the list of symbols given in Annex B. Terminology relating to the use of measuring instruments Evaluating measurements of a single measurand and expression of uncertainty Evaluating measurements of more than one mea

6、surand and expression of uncertainty Contents Page Page 1 Scope and field of application . 1 Annex B Symbols used in this standard . .24 2 Concepts . 2 Standards and other documents 1 Basic concepts 2 referred to .25 2 Measurement 3 Other relevant standards . .25 3 Results of measurement . 7 Previou

7、s editions .25 4 Measuring equipment Amendments . .25 Annex A Graphical representations of the Alphabetical index . .27 results of measurement, a measuring system and a measuring chain .23 5 Characteristics of equipment . Explanatory notes . .26 1 Scope and field of application This standard defines

8、 general metrological concepts that are universally applicable, regardless of the quantity being measured. For concepts specific to one field, refer to the relevant standard or code of practice. Continued on pages 2 to 29. Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst. In case of doubt, the German-language orig

9、inal should be consulted as the authoritative text. O No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission of Ref. No. DIN 1319-1 : 1995-01 DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, D-10772 Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (

10、DIN-Normen). English price group 1 7 Sales NO. O1 1 7 07.98 Page 2 DIN 131 9-1 1995-01 a, r F a, u c 2 .- a, c U a, UJ UJ Q a, o c O o u a, c a, U m O Q c UJ 5 .- CI .- - + .- LT L 0 ._ 7 o s a, c ;F a, u UJ Q a, o c O o .- c a, 5 a, 5 a, 5 c O al 3 m a, - 5 E 8 a, S .- c a, U O a, c L ; Page 3 DIN

11、1319-1 : 1995-01 Page 4 DIN 131 9-1 : 1995-01 al S S O o .- I I Page 5 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 0 2 C C O o .- e I Page 6 DIN 131 9-1 : 1995-01 II ss O0 00 Cu Page 7 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 o o z z a, 3 S S O o .- I I Page 8 DIN 131 9-1 : 1995-01 uu zz h 3 O al Q al al m - u c - 3 o L U al o O 0 c 3 al c L L 5

12、 o c m .- E o .- 5 z C al Page 9 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 ai - m U ? “ E a, - m ._ w m al n Page 10 DIN 131 9-1 : 1995-01 ai 3 m U ffl o ffl Q ffl ffl - c 5 U S m 3 (0 U ffl o O o C 3 S m S ffl ffl ffl a ffl o S ffl c - L c 2 L I c L r n E 9 c cn ffl S m 3 0 ffl o S ffl 3 G= S ffl a, U m ._ c .- F I o Pag

13、e 14 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 x W m P W Co - c L c 8 m ._ U 8 m 3 (o c - EL O o) != ._ !F Q X W h n V)L .- o 8 I m 7 u 5 ._ I G c O o 3 a o - 2 3 o + E2 ._ Ca E m u o? c L c O z =- c oo m C- a-c 2% w E o: o25 L+O o 8 I m 7 5 ._ I a F O L o2 o0 zz 4 4 Page 15 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 IA m E E m O Q O cn al o al

14、U al O c kl c ._ L 5 5 .- I 5 L al al o) O O al c O m U al cn 3 c L - m I “- Page 16 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 o S cn kl 2 c v x cn c .- U S m s n Page 17 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 si O cn c ._ ._ E 5 U al cn al 5 c O al Q O S U a, a, S I Page 18 DIN 131 9-1 : 1995-01 8 z C al Page 19 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 o S 3 (0

15、m - L E al c e O o (0 - c - 8 L + o a c o al a S m 3 U m al Q S m o S O oal - I c I - ._ e. $E 2 ZG + .s L a Q w U m S O cn c O a o U S O - ._ - I .- ._ 3 c c al al al Q al o c al U al Q m o al al. ual co (0 5 sal ZU Em (B .G 3 c L r - c c al 3 S S O o - I - - Page 20 DIN 131 9-1 1995-01 - c? I c a,

16、 f L $2 : c m S m S 3 - ._ L Eu m; -Co .- ox o .“ +a m u- - . a, w S c 5 ._ .- E a, a, c Page 21 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 o z o) C .- Page 22 DIN 1319-1 : 1995-01 Page 23 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 Unknown systematic error (e, Random - error, e, Annex A Graphical representations of the results of measurement, a m

17、easuring system and a measuring chain I I es,“-, Known systematic error, es,b / er + I I I - Error of measurement, e, + e, for x Random error, e, Systematic error, e, = es,b + e,“ Measurand 1 4 :;t-M M- M y“,“:- I Result of measurement strument strument strument L r- -Jgl- - - -J I Measurement signa

18、ls Measuring system Figure A.2: Example of a measuring system comprising three measuring instruments and an auxiliary device (cf. Note 1 to 4.2) Page 24 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 Measurand Sensor (non-electric) Ana- , Electric Transducer, am- Analogue logue- - plifier or analogue digital computer, etc. sig

19、nal converter signal Digital signai J I Figure A.3 Example of a measuring chain (cf. 4.3) Annex B Symbols used in this standard*) Numbers in parentheses refer to the subclause in which the quantity, parameter or variable is defined or is discussed in detail. relative value for G (5.12, Remark 3) bia

20、s (of a measuring instrument) (5.1 1) random error (3.5.1) systematic error (3.5.2) known component of the systematic error (3.5.2) correction (3.4.3) unknown component of the systematic error (3.5.2) symmetrical limit of error (5.12) upper limit of error (5.12) lower limit of error (5.12) value att

21、ributed to the measurand (3.5) result of measurement (3.6) repeatability limit (Note 3 to 3.8) reproducibility limit (Note 3 to 3.9) experimental standard deviation (Note 2 to 3.8) t-distribution, or Students distribution (3.6, Remark 5) uncertainty of measurement (3.6) uncertainty for various confi

22、dence levels (3.6, Remark 5) measured value (3.2 and fig. A.l) mean of measured values (as uncorrected result) (Note 2 to 3.4) single indicated value (indication) (5.1 1, Note 1) mean of indicated values (indications) (5.1 1, Note 1) value marked on material measure (5.1 1, Note 2) corrected result

23、(3.4.2 and fig. A.l) corrected mean (3.4, Note 2) reference value (5.12, Remark 3) conventional true value (1.4 and 5.1 1) true value (1.3 and 3.2) expected value (3.3) repeatability standard deviation (3.8) reproducibility standard deviation (3.9) *) It should be noted that, in some cases, the symb

24、ols used in this standard are not identical to those used in English-language technical literature. Page 25 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 Standards and other documents referred to DIN 1301 -1 DIN 1313 DIN 1319-2 DIN 1319-3 DIN 1319-4 DIN 1333 DIN 13303-1 DIN 13303-2 DIN 19226-1 DIN 19226-2 DIN 3281 1 DIN 55350

25、-1 2 DIN 55350-13 DIN 55350-21 DIN 55350-23 DIN 55350-24 DIN 55350-34 DIN EN 45001 IS0 5725-1 1994 IS0 8402 : 1994 IS0 10012-1 : 1992 Units - Names and symbols Physical quantities and equations - Concepts and nomenclature Basic concepts in metrology - Terminology relating to the use of measuring ins

26、truments Basic concepts in metrology - Evaluating measurements of a single measurand and ex- pression of uncertainty Basic concepts in metrology - Evaluating measurements of more than one measurand and expression of uncertainty Presentation of numerical data Stochastics - Probability theory, common

27、fundamental concepts of mathematical and of descriptive statistics - Concepts and symbols Stochastics - Mathematical statistics - Concepts and symbols Control technology - General concepts Control technology - Concepts relating to dynamic systems behaviour Citing reference materials in standards Ter

28、minology in quality assurance and statistics - Concepts relating to characteristics Terminology in quality assurance and statistics - Concepts relating to the accuracy of test methods and measurement results Terminology in quality assurance and statistics - Concepts relating to random variables and

29、probability distributions Terminology in quality assurance and statistics - Concepts relating to descriptive statis- tics Terminology in quality assurance and statistics - Concepts relating to inferential statistics Terminology in quality assurance and statistics - Concepts relating to detection lim

30、its, determination limits, and the deterministic capability of a method General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 1 : General principles and definitions Quality management and quality assurance - Terminology

31、 Measurement and calibration systems I Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Geneva: International Organization for Standardi- zation, 1993. 2 (BSI) PD 6461 -1 : 1995 Vocabulary of metrology- Part 1 : Basic and general terms (international) (French/ English). (Identical with Interna

32、tional vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (VIM) published by IS0 in 1993; German/English version also available.)*) 3 (BSI) PD 6461 -2 : 1980 Vocabulary of metrology - Part 2: Vocabulary of legal metrology - Fundamental terms (French/English). (Identical with Vocabulary of legal metr

33、ology published by the International Organiza- tion of Legal Metrology (OIML) in 1978.)*) Other relevant standards DIN 55350-12 VDI/VDE 2600 series Metrology Terminology in quality assurance and statistics - Concepts relating to quality assurance Previous editions DIN 1319: 1942-07, 1962-01, 1963-12

34、; DIN 1319-1: 1971-01, 1985-06; DIN 1319-2: 1968-12, 1980-01; DIN 131 9-31 1968-1 2, 1972-01, 1983-08. Amendments The following amendments have been made to the June 1985 edition of DIN 1319-1, January 1980 edition of DIN 1319-2 and August 1983 edition of DIN 1319-3: a) Basic concepts defined in Par

35、ts 2 and 3 are now included in Part 1. b) Some concepts are included for the first time, others have been dropped, while some definitions have been fully revised. c) The standard has been fully revised and is now presented in tabular form. *) Obtainable from Beuth Verlag GrnbH, Burggrafenstrae 6, D-

36、10787 Berlin. Page 26 DIN 131 9-1 : 1995-01 Explanatory notes Many of the definitions found in this translation have been taken from the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement published by IS0 I and the International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (VIM) 2. The Germ

37、an terms given here are from the original German version of this standard. It should be noted that in DIN EN 45001, the German term Prfung is equivalent to the English concept test (.e. relating to the determination of the characteristics of a product, process or service), while within the context o

38、f quality control, IS0 8402 defines Prfung as being equivalent to the English term inspection (.e. determining the conformity of various characteristics with a requirement). Users of this standard should also note the distinction made between measurement (2.1), testing, inspec- tion(2.1.4), calibrat

39、ion (4.1 O) and verification (examination) (5.13) in the English language, as well as the fact that neither calibration, examination nor verification involve adjustment (4.1 i). See publications 2 and 3 for more information. Page 27 DIN 1319-1 1995-01 Alphabetical index Numbers refer to the subclaus

40、e in which the concept is defined. Definitions in notes and remarks are included. A Absolute error 3.5 Transl. note Accuracy 3.6 Note 5 Accuracy class (of a measuring instrument) 5.12 Accuracy experiment 2.8 Note 3 Adjustment 4.1 1 Assigned value 1.4 Note 1 B Best estimate 1.4 Note 1 Bias (of a meas

41、uring instrument) 5.1 1 C Calibration 4.1 O, Explanatory notes Calibration factor 4.10 Note 2 Calibration function 4.1 O Note 2 Class index (of a measuring instrument) 5.12 Classification 2.1.5 Collaborative assessment experiment 2.8 Note 3 Complete statement of results 3.1 O Confidence interval, tw

42、o-sided 3.6 Remark 1 Confidence level 3.6 Remark 5 Confidence limits 3.6 Remark 5 Conventional true value 1.4 Conventional value 1.4 Note 1 Corrected result 3.4.2 Correction 3.4.3 Correction factor 3.4.2 Note Correlation coefficient 3.1 O Remark 6 Counts 2.1.3 Note Covariance 3.1 O Remark 6 Note 8 N

43、ote 8 D Datum error (of a measuring instrument) 5.1 O Dead band 5.3 Note 2 Detector 4.4 Note 2 Direct indication 3.1 Note Discrimination threshold 5.3 Drift 5.8 Dynamic measurement 2.1 .I Note 3 E Enumeration 2.1.3 Error, absolute value of 3.5 Transl. note Error, datum 5.10 Note 3 Error, intrinsic 5

44、.10 Note 4 Error, limits of (for a measuring instrument) 5.1 2 Error, limits of (relative) 5.12 Note 6 Error (of indication) of a measuring instru- Error of measurement (absolute) 3.5 ment 5.1 O Error, random 3.5.1 Error, relative 3.5 Transl. note Error, systematic 3.5.2 Error, tracking 5.10 Note 4

45、Error, transparency 5.7 Remark 3, 5.1 O Note 4 Estimate, best 1.4 Note 1 Etalon 4.7 Examination 5.13, Explanatory notes Expectation 3.3 Expected value 3.3 Experimental standard deviation 3.8 Note 2 G Group standard 4.7 Note 4 H Hysteresis 5.6 Hysteresis error 5.6 Note I Indication, direct 3.1 Note I

46、ndication, indirect 3.1 Note Indication (of a measuring instrument) 3.1 Influence quantity 2.5 Input quantity (of a measuring instrument) 4.8 Inspection 2.1.4, Explanatory notes Interlaboratory test comparisons 2.8 Note 3 International standard 4.7 Note 3 Intrinsic error (of a measuring instrument)

47、5.1 O Note 4 L Limits of error (of a measuring instrument) 5.1 2 M Material measure 4.5 Maximum permissible error (of a measuring instru- ment) 5.12 Measurable quantity 1 .I Note 2 Measurand 1 .I Measured value 3.2 Measurement 2.1 Measurement, dynamic 2.1 .I Measurement, method of 2.3 Measurement, o

48、bject of 1.2 Measurement, principle of 2.2 Measurement procedure 2.4 Measurement, result of 3.4 Measurement signal 2.6 Measurement standard 4.7 Measurement, static 2.1.2 Measuring chain 4.3 Measuring installation 4.2 Note 2 Measuring instrument 4.1 Page 28 DIN 131 9-1 : 1995-01 Measuring range 5.1 M

49、easuring system 4.2 Method of measurement 2.3 N National standard 4.7 Note 3 Nominal range 5.1 Note 2 O Object of measurement 1.2 Output quantity (of a measuring instrument) 4.9 P Particular quantity 1 .I Note 2 Precision 3.6 Note 5 Precision experiment 2.8 Note 3 Primary standard 4.7 Note 1 Principle of measurement 2.2 Q Quantity, influence 2.5 Quantity, input 4.8 Quantity, measurable 1 .I Note 2 Quantity, output 4.9 Quantity, particular 1 .I Note 2 Quantity, value of a 1 .I Note 4 R Random error 3.5.1 Ra