BS ISO 6107-7-2006 Water quality - Vocabulary - Part 7《水质 词汇 第7部分》.pdf

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1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58ICS 01.040.13; 13.060.01Water quality Vocabulary Part 7: BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 6107-7:2006BS 6068-

2、1.7:2006BS ISO 6107-7:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48542 0Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the

3、 BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible fo

4、r its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.

5、The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. present to the responsible international/Europea

6、n committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 6107-7:2006 and implements it as the UK natio

7、nal standard. It supersedes BS 6068-1.7:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;Reference numberISO 6107-7:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO6107-7Th

8、ird edition2006-05-15Water quality Vocabulary Part 7 BS ISO 6107-7:2006ii iii Contents Page Foreword. iv Introduction v Scope.1 Terms and definitions2 Bibliography . 12 Alphabetical index 14 BS ISO 6107-7:2006ivForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federati

9、on of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee

10、. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance w

11、ith the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires appr

12、oval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6107-7 was prepared by Technical Commi

13、ttee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6107-7:1997), of which it constitutes a minor revision. The new term “confidence interval” has been added. ISO 6107 consists of a series of nine parts, under the general ti

14、tle Water quality Vocabulary. The first eight parts do not have individual part titles but the ninth part is an index of the first eight parts and is entitled: Part 9: Alphabetical list and subject index BS ISO 6107-7:2006vIntroduction The definitions in any part or edition of ISO 6107 are not neces

15、sarily identical to those in the standards concerned, or to those in standard scientific text books or dictionaries. These definitions have been formulated for technical purposes, as well as for the understanding and benefit of the non-expert in the field. Although every effort has been made to ensu

16、re that the definitions are technically correct, they may not include all the details covered by the definitions in the standards. Language and expressions may not always be in line with strict scientific nomenclature. The definitions in this vocabulary are, therefore, not intended for purposes such

17、 as legal proceedings and contractual specifications. ISO 6107 is restricted to definitions for selected terms which appear in International Standards of ISO/TC 147, Water quality. BS ISO 6107-7:2006blank1Water quality Vocabulary Part 7 Scope This part of ISO 6107 definesterms used in certain fields

18、 ofwater quality characterization. NOTE In addition to the terms and definitions in three of the official ISOlanguages (English, French andRussian), this part of ISO 6107 gives the equivalent terms and theirdefinitions in the German language;these are published under theresponsibility of the member

19、bodies of Germany (DIN), Austria (ON) andSwitzerland (SNV). However, only theterms and definitions given in theofficial languages can be consideredas ISO terms and definitions. BS ISO 6107-7:20062 Terms and definitions 1 aerobic sludge digestion biological process whereby primary, activated or co-se

20、ttled sludges are partially oxidized by prolongedaeration, largely accomplished by endogenousrespiration and predator activity 2 algae large group of single- or many-celled organisms, including so-called cyanobacteria, which usuallycontain chlorophyll or other pigments NOTE Algae are usually aquatic

21、 and capable ofphotosynthesis. 3 antagonism decrease in intensity of an effect (chemical orbiological) by one substance or organism, due to thepresence of another substance or organism NOTE The combined effect is less than the additive effects of the separate substances or organisms. 4 bacteria larg

22、e group of microscopic, metabolically active,single-cell organisms with dispersed (not discrete)nucleus, mostly free-living, and usually multiplying bybinary fission 5 bacteriological sample sample taken aseptically in a sterile container andsuitably preserved and handled for bacteriologicalexaminat

23、ion BS ISO 6107-7:200636 bacteriophages group of particular viral agents whose life cycleoccurs in specific bacterial hosts NOTE See also viruses (49). 7 benthic region generally the lowest region of a water body, includingsediments and a bedrock layer, where living organ-isms are present NOTE See a

24、lso ISO 6107-1. 8 black water waste water and excreta from water closets,excluding water from baths, showers, handbasinsand sinks 9 catchment area gathering ground area draining naturally to a water course or to a givenpoint ISO 6107-3:1993 10 coliform organisms total coliform organisms group of aer

25、obic and facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, lactose-fermenting bac-teria which typically inhabit the large intestine of manand animals NOTE 1 See also ISO 9308-1. NOTE 2 Generally, apart from E. coli, many of them are able to survive and multiply in the natural environment. 11

26、 confidence interval range of values within which the measured orcalculated value is likely to be present within a stated level of confidence, for example 95 % BS ISO 6107-7:2006412 enterococci faecal enterococci group of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria which normally inha

27、bit the largeintestine of man and warm-blooded animals; theypossess the Lancefields Group D antigen, arecatalase-negative, capable of growth at 45 C, and ofhydrolysing aesculin, in the presence of 40 % bilesalts, and 4-methylumbelliferyl-b-D-glucoside (MUD), in the presence of thallium acetate and n

28、alidixic acid NOTE 1 See also ISO 7899-1 and ISO 7899-2. NOTE 2 In aquatic environments, the group mainlyconsists of the species Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium,E. durans and E. hirae. These species fail to multiply inmost natural environments, but may survive longer thanEscherichia coli. Therefor

29、e, their presence in water, even inthe absence of E. coli, usually indicates faecal pollution. 13 Escherichia coli E. coli aerobic and facultatively anaerobic faecal coliformorganism (14) which ferments lactose or mannitol with the production of both acid and gas, producesindole from tryptophan, and

30、 hydrolyses 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-b-D-glucuronide (MUG), all at 44 C NOTE 1 See also ISO 9308-1 and ISO 9308-2. NOTE 2 Its normal habitat is the large intestine of manand warm-blooded animals, and it is usually not able to multiply in aquatic environments. The presence of E. coli in water does, ther

31、efore, indicate recent faecal pollution. 14 faecal coliform organisms thermotolerant coliform organisms coliform organisms (10) which can grow and whichhave the same fermentative and biochemicalproperties at 44 C as they have at 37 C See Escherichia coli (13). NOTE See also ISO 9308-1 and ISO 9308-2

32、. BS ISO 6107-7:20065 15 faecal streptococci various aerobic and facultatively anaerobic speciesof streptococci which possess Lancefields Group Dantigen and which normally inhabit the large intestineof man and/or animals NOTE Their presence in water, even in the absence of E. coli, indicates faecal

33、pollution. 16 filter run length of time between one back-washing and the next in a filter 17 freshet comparatively high rate of flow of fresh water of short duration in a stream, resulting from heavy rainfall orrapid snow melt 18 freshwater limit point of an estuary beyond which sea water does notus

34、ually penetrate under specified tidal andhydrological conditions 19 F-specific RNA bacteriophages bacteriophages (6) capable of infecting specificstrains of host bacteria which have F- or sex-pili (fertility fimbriae) NOTE 1 See also ISO 10705-1. NOTE 2 These viruses commonly kill the host bacteria,

35、demonstrated by the appearance of plaques (clearancezones) in confluent lawns of the host grown underappropriate culture conditions. Infection and the production of plaques is inhibited by the presence of appropriateconcentrations of the enzyme RNase in the platingmedium. BS ISO 6107-7:2006620 fungi

36、 large group of heterotrophic organisms which usually form spores and have well-defined nuclei, but lackphotosynthetic material such as chlorophyll NOTE Yeasts are single-celled fungi which reproduce bybudding. Other fungi are multicellular and filamentous, forexample, Fusarium species which cause p

37、onding onbiological filters, and Geotrichum species, which cause bulking of activated sludge. 21 grey water sullage waste water from household baths and showers,handbasins and kitchen sinks but excluding wastewater and excreta from water closets 22 hard detergent detergent containing a surface-activ

38、e agent, which is resistant to primary biodegradation, and whosesurfactant properties are not substantially reduced inthe biological treatment of sewage 23 leachate water which has percolated through tipped refuse orother specified permeable material 24 luminescent bacteria group of bacteria capable

39、 of transforming into light aspecified portion of energy released by metabolism NOTE See also ISO 11348. 25 mesophilic microorganism microorganism whose optimum temperature forgrowth lies between about 20 C and 45 C BS ISO 6107-7:2006726 methaemoglobinaemia condition of the blood which occurs in inf

40、ancy due tomethaemoglobin excess when nitrites, formed in thegut mainly by bacterial reduction of ingested nitrates,become attached to haemoglobin, and interfere withoxygen uptake and transport, thus causing cyanosis27 nitrogen cycle bacteria those bacteria which are involved in the nitrogencycle NO

41、TE See also nitrogen cycle in ISO 6107-3. 28 odour threshold minimum level of odour detectable by the olfactorysenses of a panel of judges NOTE There is no absolute value for odour threshold dueto the inherent variability in individual olfactory sensitivity,but a value is estimated by serially dilut

42、ing a sample withodour-free water until the odour is just not detectable. 29 oligosaprobic description of the zone in running water where miner-alization is complete NOTE The zone has abundant dissolved oxygen and cansupport a wide range of plants and animals, primarilyphotoautotrophic plants and ox

43、ygenous animals. 30 oxidation-reduction potential redox potential ORP electrical potential between an electrode of an inertmetal, such as platinum, or of carbon, and thestandard hydrogen electrode NOTE The more positive the potential, the more oxidizingthe environment, and the more negative the pote

44、ntial, themore reducing the environment. BS ISO 6107-7:20068 31 oxygen sag curve curve resulting from plotting the concentration ofdissolved oxygen against distance or time of flow in ariver downstream from a source of pollution that hasan oxygen demand 32 photoautotrophic bacteria bacteria which ob

45、tain their energy from light, andwhose sole source of carbon is inorganic, such asCO233 preliminary treatment sewage removal or disintegration of gross sewagesolids and the removal of grit NOTE It can include the removal of grease and oil fromsewage prior to sedimentation and pre-aeration andneutral

46、ization. 34 primary treatment sewage stage of treatment usually involving theremoval of the bulk of solids capable of settling NOTE In the case of sewage, it follows immediately after preliminary treatment. 35 pulse dose almost instantaneous addition of a known quantity oftracer chemical or reagent

47、to flowing water, forexample, by up-ending a container 36 respiration exchange of gases between an organism and itsenvironment resulting from the oxidation of substratewith the release of energy NOTE It may be accomplished either aerobically oranaerobically. BS ISO 6107-7:20069 37 Salmonella species

48、 salmonellae genus of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, oxidase-negative enteric bacteria which fail to ferment lactoseNOTE 1 See also ISO 6340. NOTE 2 They can be further identified serologically, bybacteriophage typing or by molecular techniques for e

49、pi-demiological and other purposes. They can cause intestinal infections (salmonellosis) in man and animals, and are acommon cause of food poisoning in man. Salmonella typhicauses typhoid fever in man. Salmonella species areexcreted in the faeces of clinically ill cases and healthy carriers in man and animals, and may, therefore, occur insewage and farm wastes. 38 scale deposit adherent inorganic deposit formed on surfaces bywater which has become supersaturated with respectto one or more solutes, or destabilized by loss o