BS ISO 55000-2014 Asset management Overview principles and terminology《资产管理 综述 原则和术语》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 55000:2014Incorporating corrigendum March 2014Asset managementOverview, principles and terminologyBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 55000:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 55000:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted

2、 to TechnicalCommittee SSM/1/-/2, Asset management.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British

3、 Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 86467 4 ICS 01.040.03; 03.100.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee

4、on 31 January 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e d31 March 2014 Incorporation of ISO corrected version, see ISO foreword for details ISO 2014Asset management Overview, principles and terminologyGestion dactifs Aperu gnral, principes et terminologieINTERNATIONAL STANDA

5、RDISO55000First edition2014-01-15Reference numberISO 55000:2014(E)Corrected version2014-03-15ISO 55000:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in an

6、y form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale

7、 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 55000:2014ISO 55000:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Asset management . 12.1 General . 12.2 Benefits of asset

8、 management . 12.3 Assets 22.4 Overview of asset management . 22.5 Overview of the asset management system . 42.6 Integrated management systems approach . 93 Terms and definitions 103.1 General terms 103.2 Terms relating to assets . 133.3 Terms relating to asset management . 143.4 Terms relating to

9、asset management system 15Annex A (informative) Information on asset management activities .16Annex B (informative) Relationship between key elements of an asset management system .17Bibliography .18BS ISO 55000:2014ISO 55000:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is

10、 a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represen

11、ted on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop

12、this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC

13、 Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the

14、development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of

15、 ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is Project Committee

16、 ISO/PC 251, Asset management.This corrected version of ISO 55000:2014 incorporates the correction of the numbering of definitions 3.2.4 to 3.2.7 and corresponding cross-references.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 55000:2014ISO 55000:2014(E)Introduction0.1 PurposeThis International Standard pro

17、vides an overview of asset management and asset management systems (i.e. management systems for the management of assets). It also provides the context for ISO 55001 and ISO 55002.International cooperation in the preparation of these standards has identified common practices that can be applied to t

18、he broadest range of assets, in the broadest range of organizations, across the broadest range of cultures.0.2 Relationship with other standardsISO 55001, ISO 55002 and this International Standard relate to a management system for asset management, which is referred to as an “asset management system

19、” throughout the three standards.ISO 55001, ISO 55002 and this International Standard can be used in combination with any relevant sector or asset type-specific asset management standards and technical specifications. ISO 55001 specifies requirements for an asset management system, while the other s

20、tandards detail sector-specific, asset-specific or activity-specific technical requirements or give guidance on how ISO 55001 should be interpreted and applied within a specific sector or to particular asset types.0.3 Target audienceThis International Standard is primarily intended for use by: those

21、 considering how to improve the realization of value for their organization from their asset base those involved in the establishment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of an asset management system those involved in the planning, design, implementation and review of asset management activ

22、ities; along with service providers.0.4 Benefits of the standardsThe adoption of ISO 55001, ISO 55002 and this International Standard enables an organization to achieve its objectives through the effective and efficient management of its assets. The application of an asset management system provides

23、 assurance that those objectives can be achieved consistently and sustainably over time.Annex A provides additional information on areas related to asset management activities.Annex B shows the relationship between key elements of an asset management system. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 5500

24、0:2014BS ISO 55000:2014Asset management Overview, principles and terminology1 ScopeThis International Standard provides an overview of asset management, its principles and terminology, and the expected benefits from adopting asset management.This International Standard can be applied to all types of

25、 assets and by all types and sizes of organizations.NOTE 1 This International Standard is intended to be used for managing physical assets in particular, but it can also be applied to other asset types.NOTE 2 This International Standard does not provide financial, accounting or technical guidance fo

26、r managing specific asset types.NOTE 3 For the purposes of ISO 55001, ISO 55002 and this International Standard, the term “asset management system” is used to refer to a management system for asset management.2 Asset management2.1 GeneralThe factors which influence the type of assets that an organiz

27、ation requires to achieve its objectives, and how the assets are managed, include the following: the nature and purpose of the organization; its operating context; its financial constraints and regulatory requirements; the needs and expectations of the organization and its stakeholders.These influen

28、cing factors need to be considered when establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving asset management.Effective control and governance of assets by organizations is essential to realize value through managing risk and opportunity, in order to achieve the desired balance of cost,

29、 risk and performance. The regulatory and legislative environment in which organizations operate is increasingly challenging and the inherent risks that many assets present are constantly evolving.The fundamentals of asset management and the supporting asset management system introduced in this Inte

30、rnational Standard, when integrated into the broader governance and risk framework of an organization, can contribute tangible benefits and leverage opportunities.Asset management translates the organizations objectives into asset-related decisions, plans and activities, using a risk based approach.

31、2.2 Benefits of asset managementAsset management enables an organization to realize value from assets in the achievement of its organizational objectives (see 2.5.3.4). What constitutes value will depend on these objectives, the nature and purpose of the organization and the needs and expectations o

32、f its stakeholders. Asset management INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 55000:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 55000:2014ISO 55000:2014(E)supports the realization of value while balancing financial, environmental and social costs, risk, quality of service and performance related to assets.The be

33、nefits of asset management can include, but are not limited to the following:a) improved financial performance: improving the return on investments and reducing costs can be achieved, while preserving asset value and without sacrificing the short or long-term realization of organizational objectives

34、;b) informed asset investment decisions: enabling the organization to improve its decision making and effectively balance costs, risks, opportunities and performance;c) managed risk: reducing financial losses, improving health and safety, good will and reputation, minimizing environmental and social

35、 impact, can result in reduced liabilities such as insurance premiums, fines and penalties;d) improved services and outputs: assuring the performance of assets can lead to improved services or products that consistently meet or exceed the expectations of customers and stakeholders;e) demonstrated so

36、cial responsibility: improving the organizations ability to, for example, reduce emissions, conserve resources and adapt to climate change, enables it to demonstrate socially responsible and ethical business practices and stewardship;f) demonstrated compliance: transparently conforming with legal, s

37、tatutory and regulatory requirements, as well as adhering to asset management standards, policies and processes, can enable demonstration of compliance;g) enhanced reputation: through improved customer satisfaction, stakeholder awareness and confidence;h) improved organizational sustainability: effe

38、ctively managing short and long-term effects, expenditures and performance, can improve the sustainability of operations and the organization;i) improved efficiency and effectiveness: reviewing and improving processes, procedures and asset performance can improve efficiency and effectiveness, and th

39、e achievement of organizational objectives.2.3 AssetsAn asset is an item, thing or entity that has potential or actual value to an organization. The value will vary between different organizations and their stakeholders, and can be tangible or intangible, financial or non-financial.The period from t

40、he creation of an asset to the end of its life is the asset life (see 3.2.2). An assets life does not necessarily coincide with the period over which any one organization holds responsibility for it; instead, an asset can provide potential or actual value to one or more organizations over its asset

41、life, and the value of the asset to an organization can change over its asset life.An organization may choose to manage its assets as a group, rather than individually, according to its needs, and to achieve additional benefits. Such groupings of assets may be by asset types, asset systems, or asset

42、 portfolios.2.4 Overview of asset management2.4.1 GeneralAn organizations top management, employees and stakeholders should implement planning, control activities (e.g. policies, processes or monitoring actions) and monitoring activities, to exploit opportunities and to reduce risks to an acceptable

43、 level.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 55000:2014ISO 55000:2014(E)Asset management involves the balancing of costs, opportunities and risks against the desired performance of assets, to achieve the organizational objectives. The balancing might need to be considered over different timeframes.As

44、set management enables an organization to examine the need for, and performance of, assets and asset systems at different levels. Additionally, it enables the application of analytical approaches towards managing an asset over the different stages of its life cycle (which can start with the concepti

45、on of the need for the asset, through to its disposal, and includes the managing of any potential post disposal liabilities).2.4.2 FundamentalsAsset management is based on a set of fundamentals.a) Value: Assets exist to provide value to the organization and its stakeholders.Asset management does not

46、 focus on the asset itself, but on the value that the asset can provide to the organization. The value (which can be tangible or intangible, financial or non-financial) will be determined by the organization and its stakeholders, in accordance with the organizational objectives.This includes:1) a cl

47、ear statement of how the asset management objectives align with the organizational objectives;2) the use of a life cycle management approach to realize value from assets;3) the establishment of decision-making processes that reflect stakeholder need and define value.b) Alignment: Asset management tr

48、anslates the organizational objectives into technical and financial decisions, plans and activities.Asset management decisions (technical, financial and operational) collectively enable the achievement of the organizational objectives.This includes:1) the implementation of risk-based, information-dr

49、iven, planning and decision-making processes and activities that transform organizational objectives into asset management plans (see 2.5.3.4);2) the integration of the asset management processes with the functional management processes of the organization, such as finance, human resources, information systems, logistics and operations;3) the specification, design and implementation of a supporting asset management system.c) Leadership: Leadership and workplace culture are determinants of realization of value.Leadership and commitment from all