BS ISO 4866-2010 Mechanical vibration and shock - Vibration of fixed structures - Guidelines for the measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their effects on structures《机械振动和冲击.pdf

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1、BS ISO 4866:2010ICS 17.160; 91.120.25NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDMechanical vibrationand shock Vibrationof fixed structures Guidelines forthe measurementof vibrations andevaluation of theireffects on structuresThis British Standardwas publish

2、ed under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 64577 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 4866:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 4866:2010. Itsupersedes BS 7385-1:1990 wh

3、ich is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/5, Mechanical Vibration, shock and conditionmonitoring - Vibration of machines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does no

4、t purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 4866:2010Reference numberISO 4866:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4866Second edition2010-0

5、3-15Mechanical vibration and shock Vibration of fixed structures Guidelines for the measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their effects on structures Vibrations et chocs mcaniques Vibrations des structures fixes Lignes directrices pour le mesurage des vibrations et lvaluation de leurs effets s

6、ur les structures BS ISO 4866:2010ISO 4866:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer

7、 performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create t

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9、tral Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissio

10、n in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedB

11、S ISO 4866:2010ISO 4866:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Source-related factors to be considered 2 5 Structure-related factors to be considered.3 6 Quantities to be measured .4 7 Frequency r

12、ange and vibration amplitude5 8 Instrumentation .5 9 Position and mounting of transducers .7 10 Data collection, analysis and assessment10 11 Methods of measurement and reporting.12 12 Evaluation of vibration responses.14 Annex A (informative) Values of structural response .16 Annex B (informative)

13、Classification of buildings.18 Annex C (informative) Random data .23 Annex D (informative) Predicting natural frequencies and damping of buildings.24 Annex E (informative) Vibrational interaction of the foundation of a structure and the soil 30 Bibliography36 BS ISO 4866:2010ISO 4866:2010(E) iv ISO

14、2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in

15、 a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commiss

16、ion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical

17、committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall

18、not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4866 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and s

19、tructures. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4866:1990), of which it constitutes a technical revision. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO 4866:1990/Amd.1:1994 and ISO 4866:1990/Amd.2:1996. BS ISO 4866:2010ISO 4866:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction

20、The necessity for structures to sustain vibration is increasingly recognized, and requires consideration both in the design for structural integrity, serviceability and environmental acceptability, and in the preservation of historic structures. Measurement of vibration in a structure is carried out

21、 for a variety of purposes: a) problem recognition, where it is reported that a structure is vibrating at such a level as to cause concern to occupants and equipment, possibly making it necessary to establish whether the levels warrant concern for structural integrity; b) control monitoring, where m

22、aximum permitted vibration levels have been established by an agency and those vibrations have to be measured and reported; c) documentation, where dynamic loading has been recognized in design, and measurements are made to verify the predictions of response and provide new design parameters (These

23、may use ambient or imposed loading. Strong motion seismographs, for example, may be installed to indicate whether the responses to earthquake warrant changes on operating procedure in a structure.); d) diagnosis, where it has been established that vibration levels require further investigation, meas

24、urements are made in order to provide information for mitigation procedures (another diagnostic procedure is to use structural response to ambient or imposed loading to establish structural condition, e.g. after a severe loading, such as an earthquake). Such diverse purposes call for a variety of me

25、asuring systems, ranging from simple to sophisticated, deployed in different types of investigations. Technical guidance is needed by many interested parties on the most appropriate ways of measuring, characterizing and evaluating those vibrations that affect structures. This applies to both existin

26、g structures, which may be subjected to different types of excitation, and new structures erected in an environment where sources of excitation may be significant. The effects of vibration may also be determined analytically. Although the material in this International Standard may be used to evalua

27、te the relative severity of structural vibration, it is not to be regarded as suggesting acceptable or non-acceptable levels. Nor does it consider economic and social aspects, which are dealt with as appropriate by national regulatory bodies. BS ISO 4866:2010BS ISO 4866:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS

28、O 4866:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Mechanical vibration and shock Vibration of fixed structures Guidelines for the measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their effects on structures 1 Scope This International Standard establishes principles for carrying out vibration measurement and p

29、rocessing data with regard to evaluating vibration effects on structures. It does not cover the source of excitation except when the source dictates dynamic range, frequency or other relevant parameters. The evaluation of the effects of structural vibration is primarily obtained from the response of

30、 the structure, using appropriate analytical methods by which the frequency, duration and amplitude can be defined. This International Standard only deals with the measurement of structural vibration and excludes the measurement of airborne sound pressure and other pressure fluctuations, although re

31、sponse to such excitations is taken into consideration. This International Standard applies to all structures built above or below ground. Such structures are used or maintained and include buildings, structures of archaeological and historical value (cultural heritage), bridges and tunnels, gas and

32、 liquid installations including pipelines, earth structures (e.g. dykes and embankments), and fixed marine installations (e.g. quays and wharfs). This International Standard does not apply to some special structures, including nuclear plants and dams. The response of structures depends upon the exci

33、tation. This International Standard examines the methods of measurement as affected by the source of excitation, i.e. frequency, duration, and amplitude as induced by any source (e.g. earthquake, hurricane, explosion, wind loading, airborne noise, sonic boom, internal machinery, traffic, and constru

34、ction activities). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 204

35、1, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 and the following apply. 3.1 vibration source simple or multiple solid, liquid or gaseous body causing vibration in its environment

36、 ISO 14964:20008, 3.10 3.2 vibration event modification of existing ambient vibrations due to single or multiple sources BS ISO 4866:2010ISO 4866:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.3 vibration receiver all structures or elements of structures responding to vibration energy emitted by an interna

37、l or external source ISO 14964:20008, 3.11 3.4 work cycle description and duration of a production operation used to manufacture a product or to fulfil an operation NOTE Adapted from ISO 14964:20008, 3.2. 3.5 measuring interval mechanical vibration and shock minimum measurement duration that accurat

38、ely represents the response of a structure excited by a known vibration 3.6 observation interval time during which continuous or non-continuous measurements to characterize the vibration activities take place 3.7 reference interval mechanical vibration and shock time period considered to include the

39、 vibration emission of interest as defined by regulation and contract 3.8 transducer sensitivity ratio of transducer output to transducer input 3.9 measuring dynamic range ratio, expressed in decibels, of the maximum measured amplitude to the minimum measurable amplitude of the instrument while meas

40、uring 3.10 operational dynamic range of measurement ratio, expressed in decibels, of the contractual, regulatory or estimated maximum amplitude to the minimum measurable amplitude of the instrumentation system 3.11 dynamic range of measuring system ratio, expressed in decibels, of the maximum amplit

41、ude to the minimum amplitude measured by a measuring instrument 4 Source-related factors to be considered 4.1 General The source, which is the origin of the vibration event, shall be identified and described accurately to consider its characteristics when a measurement programme has to be establishe

42、d or when the results have to be compared to regulatory or contractual limits. For this description, three classifications are necessary: one related to the duration of exposure; another related to the variation of amplitude with time; and a third comprising the category of the vibration signals. BS

43、 ISO 4866:2010ISO 4866:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 34.2 Classification of events according to their duration 4.2.1 Permanent The source emission is permanent or quasi-permanent during the selected reference interval. 4.2.2 Intermittent A succession of events, each of relatively short durati

44、on, is separated by irregular intervals during which the vibration amplitude is equivalent to the background level. 4.2.3 Single occurrence Sources generating vibration events, which are of short duration (a few seconds) and which can occur only once. Single occurrences do not exceed five per day. 4

45、.3 Classification of events according to the variation of their amplitude with time 4.3.1 Stable The variation of the amplitude with time does not exceed 10 %. 4.3.2 Cyclic Repeated events with the same magnitude occur. 4.3.3 Other events “Other” events cannot be classified as stable or cyclic. 4.4

46、Classification according to the category of signals emitted by the source Source signal categories include: a) stationary (e.g. generators); b) non-stationary (e.g. trains); c) transient or impulsive vibrations with separated (e.g. blasting) or repeated impulses (e.g. forging hammers). 5 Structure-r

47、elated factors to be considered 5.1 General The reaction of structures and structural components to dynamic excitation depends upon their response characteristics (e.g. natural frequencies, mode shapes, and modal damping) and the spectral content of the excitation. Cumulative effects, especially at

48、high response levels, and the extent of exposure where fatigue damage is possible should be considered. 5.2 Type and condition of structures In order to describe and categorize the visible effects of vibration, a classification of the structures dealt with in this International Standard is needed. F

49、or the purposes of this International Standard, a classification of buildings is set out in Annex B. NOTE For a classification of tunnels, see ISO 108155. BS ISO 4866:2010ISO 4866:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved5.3 Natural frequencies and damping The fundamental natural frequency of a structure or of a part of the structure influences its response and shall be known to allow the several methods of analysis to be applied. This may be achieved by spectral analysis of low-level response to ambient excitation or b