BS EN ISO 16811-2014 Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting《无损检测 超声波检测 灵敏度和范围设置》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16811:2014Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivityand range setting (ISO16811:2012)BS EN ISO 16811:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO16811:2014. It is identical to ISO 16811:2012. It supersed

2、es BS EN583-2:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the nece

3、ssaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82685 6ICS 19.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was pub

4、lished under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16811 March 2014 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 583-2:2001English Version Non-destructive testing - Ultras

5、onic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (ISO 16811:2012) Essais non destructifs - Contrle par ultrasons - Rglage de la sensibilit et de la base de temps (ISO 16811:2012) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Ultraschallprfung - Empfindlichkeits- und Entfernungsjustierung (ISO 16811:2012) This European Stand

6、ard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning

7、such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its

8、own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany

9、, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NO

10、RMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16811:2014 EBS EN ISO 16811:2014EN ISO 16811:2014 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 16811:2012 has been pr

11、epared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16811:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard sh

12、all be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi

13、s document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 583-2:2001. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries a

14、re bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, P

15、ortugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16811:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16811:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16811:2014ISO 16811:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page F

16、oreword .v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 General .1 3.1 Quantities and symbols1 3.2 Test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors.1 3.3 Categories of test objects.1 3.4 Contouring of probes2 3.4.1 Longitudinally curved probes 3 3.4.2 Transversely curved probes 3 3.4.3 Concave scanning

17、 surface.4 4 Determination of probe index and beam angle 4 4.1 General .4 4.2 Flat probes .4 4.2.1 Calibration block technique .4 4.2.2 Reference block technique.4 4.3 Probes curved longitudinally .4 4.3.1 Mechanical determination 4 4.3.2 Reference Block Technique .6 4.4 Probes curved transversely .

18、6 4.4.1 Mechanical determination 6 4.4.2 Reference block technique.7 4.5 Probes curved in two directions8 4.6 Probes for use on materials other than non-alloy steel 9 5 Time base setting 9 5.1 General .9 5.2 Reference blocks and reference reflectors.9 5.3 Straight beam probes10 5.3.1 Single reflecto

19、r technique 10 5.3.2 Multiple reflector technique10 5.4 Angle beam probes .10 5.4.1 Radius technique.10 5.4.2 Straight beam probe technique .10 5.4.3 Reference block technique.10 5.4.4 Contoured probes .10 5.5 Alternative range settings for angle beam probes 11 5.5.1 Flat surfaces 11 5.5.2 Curved su

20、rfaces 11 6 Sensitivity setting and echo height evaluation 13 6.1 General .13 6.2 Angle of impingement.13 6.3 Distance Amplitude Curve (DAC) technique 13 6.3.1 Reference blocks.13 6.3.2 Preparation of a Distance Amplitude Curve .14 6.3.3 Evaluation of signals using a Distance Amplitude Curve.15 6.3.

21、4 Evaluation of signals using a reference height15 6.4 Distance Gain Size (DGS) technique .16 6.4.1 General .16 6.4.2 Reference blocks.18 6.4.3 Use of DGS diagrams18 6.4.4 Restrictions on use of the DGS technique due to geometry 20 Introduction .vi BS EN ISO 16811:2014ISO 16811:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 A

22、ll rights reserved6.5 Transfer correction20 6.5.1 General20 6.5.2 Fixed path length technique .20 6.5.3 Comparative technique .21 6.5.4 Compensation for local variations in transfer correction .22 Annex A (normative) Quantities and symbols .23 Annex B (normative) Reference blocks and reference refle

23、ctors 26 Annex C (normative) Determination of sound path distance and impingement angle in concentrically curved objects 29 C.1 Impingement angle 29 C.2 Sound path when scanning from the outer (convex) surface: .29 C.2.1 Full skip 30 C.2.2 Half skip 30 C.3 Soundpath when scanning from the inner (con

24、cave) surface:.31 C.3.1 Full skip 31 C.3.2 Half skip 32 Annex D (informative) General DGS diagram.33 D.1 Distance 33 D.2 Gain .33 D.3 Size34 Annex E (informative) Determination of contact transfer correction factors35 E.1 General35 E.2 Measurement35 E.3 Evaluation.35 Bibliography 38 BS EN ISO 16811:

25、2014ISO 16811:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Ea

26、ch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internatio

27、nal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standar

28、ds adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject

29、of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16811 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3, Ultrasonic testing. BS EN ISO 16811:2014ISO 16811:2012(E) vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedIntroducti

30、on This International Standard is based on EN 583-2:2001, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting. The following International Standards are linked. ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testin

31、g Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Cha

32、racterization and sizing of discontinuities ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities BS EN ISO 16811:201411 Scope This International Standard specifies the general rules for setting the timebase

33、 range and sensitivity(i. e. gain adjustment) of a manually operated ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display in order thatreproducible measurements may be made of the location and echo height of a reflector. It is applicable to techniques employing a single contact probe with either a single or

34、 twin transducers, but excludes the immersion technique and techniques employing more than one probe. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the la

35、test edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Specification for calibration block No. 1 ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Specification for calibration block No. 2 EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testin

36、g Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 3: Combined equipment 3 General 3.1 Quantities and symbols A full list of the quantities and symbols used throughout this International Standard is given in Annex A. 3.2 Test objects, reference blocks and reference reflecto

37、rs Requirements for geometrical features of test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors in general are contained in Annex B. 3.3 Categories of test objects The requirements for range and sensitivity setting will depend on the geometrical form of the test object. Five categories of test o

38、bjects are defined in Table 1. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16811:2012(E)Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16811:20142 Table 1 Categories of test objects Class Feature Section in x-direction section in y-direction 1 Plane par

39、allel surfaces (e. g. plate/sheet) 2 Parallel, uniaxially curved surfaces (e. g. tubes) 3 Parallel surfaces curved in more than one direction (e. g. dished ends) 4 Solid material of circular cross section (e. g. rods and bars) 5 Complex shapes (e. g. nozzles, sockets) 3.4 Contouring of probes Contou

40、ring of the probe shoe, for geometry categories 2 to 5, may be necessary to avoid probe rocking, i.e. to ensure good, uniform, acoustic contact and a constant beam angle in the test object. Contouring is only possible with probes having a hard plastic stand-off (normally twin-transducer straight bea

41、m probes or angle beam probes with wedges). The following conditions for the different geometric categories exist (see Table 1 and Figure 1): category 1: No probe contouring necessary for scanning in either x- or y-direction; categories 2 and 4: scanning in x-direction: Probe face longitudinally cur

42、ved, scanning in y-direction: Probe face transversely curved; categories 3 and 5: scanning in either x- or y-direction: Probe face longitudinally and transversely curved. ISO 16811:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16811:20143The use of contoured probes necessitates setting the range and

43、 sensitivity on reference blocks contoured similar to the test object, or the application of mathematical correction factors. When using equations (1) or (2), problems due to low energy transmission or beam misalignment are avoided. 3.4.1 Longitudinally curved probes 3.4.1.1 Convex scanning surface

44、For scanning on convex surfaces the probe face shall be contoured when the diameter of the test object, Dobj, is below ten times the length of the probe shoe, lps, (see Figure 1): psobj10 lD tDDsin11ccdteffobj(12) where Deffis the effective diameter of the transducer; ctis the sound velocity of tran

45、sverse wave in test object; cdis the longitudinal wave velocity in delay block; tis the beam angle. As an example, the value of Dobj(steel) shall be greater than 82 mm for a 45 angle beam probe with an effective transducer diameter of 20 mm. 6.4.3 Use of DGS diagrams 6.4.3.1 Reference height techniq

46、ue The recording gain Vr, at which scanning shall be carried out, is calculated from equation 13: tkjr VVVVV += (13) where Vj is the gain setting required to set the echo from a reference reflector, meeting the requirements of Annex B, to a given reference height on the screen (not less than 20 % FS

47、H); V is the difference in gain between the DGS curve corresponding to the minimum equivalent disk-shaped reflector (i. e. the recording level), measured at the maximum sound path length smax, and the reference reflector, measured at its sound path length sj; Vkis a correction factor when using a co

48、ncave reference reflector, (see 6.4.2); ISO 16811:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16811:201419Vt is the transfer correction (see 6.5). The height of any echo observed during scanning which meets or exceeds the reference height on the screen, shall be assessed as follows: The gain Vunec

49、essary to bring the echo to the reference height shall be noted. A line representing the reference height shall then be drawn on the DGS diagram, and the gain difference Vu= Vu Vr marked off from the reference height at the corresponding sound path distance, su(see Figure 12). If the marked point is above the DGS curve associated with the recording limit, the echo height Hushall be recorded in terms of the number of dB by which it exceeds the DGS curve at the same sound path dist