BS EN ISO 16784-1-2006 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion and fouling in industrial cooling water systems - Guidelines for conducting pilot-scale evaluation of corrosion ann.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 16784-1:2008Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosion and fouling in industrial cooling water systems Part 1: Guidelines for conducting pilot-scale evaluation of corrosion and fouling control additives for open recirculating cooling water systemsICS 77.060g49g50g3g38g50g51g6

2、0g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 16784-1:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Comm

3、ittee on 28 April 2006 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 60549 9National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 16784-1:2008. It is identical with ISO 16784-1:2006. It supersedes BS ISO 16784-1:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

4、Committee ISE/NFE/8, Corrosion of metals and alloys.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance

5、 with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments29 August 2008 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 16784-1:2006 as BS EN ISO 16784-1:2008EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 16784-1April 2008ICS 77.060En

6、glish VersionCorrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosion and fouling inindustrial cooling water systems - Part 1: Guidelines forconducting pilot-scale evaluation of corrosion and fouling controladditives for open recirculating cooling water systems (ISO16784-1:2006)Corrosion des mtaux et alliages - C

7、orrosion et entartragedes circuits de refroidissement eau industriels - Partie 1:Lignes directrices pour lvaluation pilote des additifsanticorrosion et antitartre pour circuits de refroidissement eau recirculation ouverts (ISO 16784-1:2006)Korrosion von Metallen und Legierungen - Korrosion undFoulin

8、g in industriellen Khlwassersystemen - Teil 1:Leitfaden fr die Bewertung von Zusatzstoffen gegenKorrosion und Fouling in offenenKhlwasserrezirkulationssystemen (ISO 16784-1:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal

9、Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.Thi

10、s European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the

11、 national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a

12、nd United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 16784

13、-1:2008: EForeword The text of ISO 16784-1:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156 “Corrosion of metals and alloys” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16784-1:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorga

14、nic coatings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October

15、2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organi

16、zations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rom

17、ania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16784-1:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 16784-1:2008 without any modification. ii BS EN ISO 16784-1:2008iiiContents Page Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 T

18、erms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms. 2 4 Types of testing 2 4.1 Laboratory and off-site testing 2 4.2 On-site testing. 2 4.3 On-line testing. 2 5 Test unit design parameters 3 5.1 General. 3 5.2 Construction materials. 3 6 Operating parameters. 5 6.1 General. 5 6.2 Surface temperature .

19、 5 6.3 Water velocity 5 6.4 Residence time 5 7 Water quality . 5 7.1 General. 5 7.2 Natural versus synthetic water supplies 6 7.3 Fresh water 6 7.4 Seawater and brackish water 6 7.5 Recycle/reuse water . 6 7.6 Dual and combined make-up systems . 6 8 Contamination. 7 8.1 General. 7 8.2 Process leaks

20、7 8.3 Biological matter. 7 8.4 Airborne solids and gases. 7 9 Parameters to be evaluated in pilot test units . 7 9.1 Corrosion . 7 9.2 Fouling . 9 9.3 Practical problems in operating systems Multiple combinations of problems. 10 9.4 Water treatment additives 10 10 Design of pilot-scale performance t

21、esting facilities . 11 10.1 Objectives 11 10.2 The importance of simulating specific application environments 11 10.3 Compromises in pilot-scale performance testing . 11 11 Pilot-scale facility operations 13 11.1 Documentation of design. 13 11.2 Repeatability of results and comparison with field per

22、formance 13 11.3 Record-keeping and reports 13 Bibliography . 14 BS EN ISO 16784-1:2008blankvIntroduction Environmental requirements, water shortages, and business pressures have forced industrial plants and power stations to operate with longer production runs, reduced maintenance outages, fewer op

23、erating personnel, and increased stress on cooling water systems. Similarly, commercial refrigeration (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning HVAC) systems have experienced increased heat loads and requirements for a long-term, continuous, cooling water supply to computer facilities, large retai

24、l establishments, campuses, and office complexes. Under these increasingly severe conditions, cooling water chemical treatment programmes are expected to maintain optimum operating efficiency and, at the same time, protect the economic life of the equipment by inhibiting corrosion, mineral scaling,

25、microbiological fouling, and miscellaneous deposition on heat-transfer surfaces. Cooling system design and operating characteristics vary widely, within individual plants, from site to site, and worldwide. Thus, selection and optimization of water treatment programmes must be a site-specific process

26、. In most systems, optimized cooling water chemical treatment is the key to successful long-term operations. The subject of this part of ISO 16784 is, therefore, the establishment of criteria for the pilot-scale evaluation of the performance of cooling water additives under field-specific operating

27、conditions. This part of ISO 16784 is intended for use by cooling system owners/operators, water treatment companies and others who must evaluate the performance of cooling water additives under field-specific operating conditions. This part of ISO 16784 was developed on the basis of NACE RP0300 4.

28、BS EN ISO 16784-1:2008blank1Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosion and fouling in industrial cooling water systems Part 1: Guidelines for conducting pilot-scale evaluation of corrosion and fouling control additives for open recirculating cooling water systems 1 Scope This part of ISO 16784 applies

29、 to corrosion and fouling in industrial cooling water systems. This part of ISO 16784 covers the criteria that must be defined and implemented in a pilot-scale testing programme to select water treatment programmes for use in specific recirculating cooling water systems. This part of ISO 16784 cover

30、s only open recirculating cooling water systems. Closed cooling systems and once-through cooling water systems are specifically excluded. This part of ISO 16784 applies only to systems incorporating shell-and-tube heat exchangers with standard uncoated smooth tubes and cooling water on the tube side

31、. Heat exchangers with shell-side water, plate and frame and/or spiral heat exchangers, and other heat exchange devices are specifically excluded. However, when the test conditions are properly set up to model the surface temperature and shear stress in more complex heat-transfer devices, the test r

32、esults may predict what may occur in an operating heat exchanger of that design. The test criteria established in this part of ISO 16784 are not intended to govern the type of bench and pilot-scale testing normally carried out by water treatment companies as part of their proprietary product-develop

33、ment programmes. However, water treatment companies may choose to use the criteria in this part of ISO 16784 as guidelines in the development of their own product-development test procedures. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docu

34、ment. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8044:1999, Corrosion of metals and alloys Basic terms and definitions ISO 16784-2, Corrosion of metals and alloys Corrosion and fo

35、uling in industrial cooling water systems Part 2: Evaluation of the performance of cooling water treatment programmes using a pilot-scale test rig BS EN ISO 16784-1:20082 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 804

36、4:1999 and the following abbreviations and symbols apply. ASTM: ASTM International BOD: Biological oxygen demand COD: Chemical oxygen demand HVAC: Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning LPR: Linear polarization resistance MIC: Microbiologically influenced corrosion NACE: NACE International PVC:

37、Polyvinyl chloride s/V ratio: Surface-to-volume ratio UNS: Unified Numbering System 4 Types of testing 4.1 Laboratory and off-site testing 4.1.1 Laboratory testing, or testing at alternative off-site locations, may in some cases be necessary for selecting cooling water chemical treatment programmes.

38、 This type of testing could be used for new construction start-up programmes, when operating systems are not available, or for evaluating alternative treatment programmes. In such cases, the evaluation should include site-specific design criteria and environmental regulations that affect the cooling

39、 water system. Site-specific water supplies should be used whenever possible. All criteria in this part of ISO 16784 relating to water compositions, test unit configuration, heat exchanger design, and operating conditions should be followed insofar as possible. 4.1.2 No laboratory or off-site testin

40、g programme can completely duplicate plant conditions. Site-specific factors, such as process leaks, microbiological growth, corrosion products, airborne contamination, etc., may affect the operation of cooling water systems and the performance of chemical treatment programmes in ways that override

41、the results of laboratory or off-site testing programmes. 4.2 On-site testing 4.2.1 Whenever possible, water treatment programmes should be evaluated on site, using plant water supplies and actual design and operating conditions, particularly those that cannot be duplicated in the laboratory. Criter

42、ia for these effects are discussed in 9.1.2. 4.2.2 Specific attention shall be given to site-specific rules and environmental regulations that may affect the types of chemical products that can be used, the allowable amount and composition of blowdown water, and air quality regulations affecting coo

43、ling tower discharge. 4.3 On-line testing Whenever possible, all off-site, laboratory, and on-site pilot-scale testing should be validated by monitoring actual performance results on-line. Pilot units can be adapted for on-line work by using a sidestream from the plant circulating cooling water as f

44、eedwater, bypassing the pilot unit cooling tower. Such on-line testing serves to validate the off-line/laboratory tests. Cooling systems may be evaluated on-line; however, the data collected will be the result of the combination of any existing treatment and all additional chemicals that were added

45、for the evaluation period. On-line testing in this way can be useful for optimizing the treatment programme to BS EN ISO 16784-1:20083meet specific plant requirements. For example, small quantities of a treatment chemical may be added just ahead of the test heat exchanger to measure the effects of i

46、ncreasing additive dosage, or the possible synergistic effects of a new chemical added to the existing treatment programme. 5 Test unit design parameters 5.1 General Careful evaluation of the mechanical design and operation of each cooling water system is a necessary prerequisite for designing a pil

47、ot-scale water treatment product-evaluation programme. It may not be practical to simulate a specific critical plant heat load or water flow pattern exactly. Contamination in a pilot cooling tower may not develop in the same way as in the plant systems; compromises may therefore be necessary. In all

48、 such cases, plant design and operations must be followed as closely as possible, and deviations must be noted in the test reports. 5.2 Construction materials 5.2.1 Cooling towers 5.2.1.1 Small cooling tower basins may be made of uncoated, plastic-coated, galvanized low-carbon steel, or stainless st

49、eel. Large tower basins are usually concrete. Splash fill may be wood, ceramic, or plastic. It is not important that the pilot cooling tower duplicates the design of the plant towers. However, if the plant system contains galvanized steel, galvanized steel should be included as a non-heat-transfer test material in the pilot system. 5.2.2 Special requirements for film fill 5.2.2.1 If the plant cooling towers contain film fill, a section of this fill (if available) should be used in the pilot tower. Film fill consists of closely packed layers of lightweig