BS EN ISO 11074-2015 Soil quality Vocabulary《土壤质量 词汇》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 11074:2015Soil quality VocabularyBS EN ISO 11074:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 11074:2015. It supersedes BS ISO 11074:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T

2、echnical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards In

3、stitution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 75485 2 ICS 01.040.13; 13.080.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 201

4、5.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11074 June 2015 ICS 01.040.13; 13.080.01 English Version Soil quality - Vocabulary (ISO 11074:2015) Qualit du sol - Vocabulaire (ISO 11074:2015) Bodenbeschaffenheit -

5、Wrterbuch (ISO 11074:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date li

6、sts and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation unde

7、r the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Y

8、ugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EURO

9、PEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11074:2015 EBS EN ISO 11074:2015EN ISO 11074:2015 (E) 3 F

10、oreword This document (EN ISO 11074:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” incollaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is heldby NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard

11、, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by December 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. CEN

12、 and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, C

13、zechRepublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom

14、. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11074:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11074:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11074:2015ISO 11074:2015(E/F)Contents PageForeword v1 Scope . 12 General terms and definitions 12.1 Terms and definitions relating to soil . 12.2 Terms and definitions re

15、lating to soil materials 42.3 Terms and definitions relating to land and sites . 53 Description of soil . 73.1 Soil characteristics . 73.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil water . 83.3 Terms and definitions relating to processes in soils 93.4 Terms and definitions relating to contamination 123

16、.5 Terms and definitions relating to background content 153.6 Terms and definitions relating to sampling gases .174 Sampling .184.1 General terms and definitions 184.2 Sample types/sampling type . 224.3 Sampling stages . 254.4 Execution of sampling 274.5 Quality control samples 304.6 Sample pretreat

17、ment 324.7 Terms and definitions relating to geostatistics 325 Terms and definitions relating to the assessment of soils .335.1 Terms and definitions relating to quality 335.2 Terms and definitions relating to assessment of soil and sites with respect to risk, hazard, and exposure 345.3 Terms and de

18、finitions relating to soil protection .376 Remediation .376.1 General terms and definitions 376.2 Principal remediation types . 406.3 Engineering-based methods 406.4 Process-based treatment methods . 427 Soil ecotoxicology .477.1 Biodegradability . 477.2 Soil fauna . 497.3 Soil flora . 507.4 Soil mi

19、croorganisms 50Annex A (informative) Relationships between sampling operations 53Annex B (informative) Index 54Bibliography .72 ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs iiiBS EN ISO 11074:2015ISO 11074:2015(E/F)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fe

20、deration of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that com

21、mittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document a

22、nd those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Pa

23、rt 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of t

24、he document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific ter

25、ms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommi

26、ttee SC 1, Evaluation of criteria, terminology and codification.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11074:2005), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsBS EN ISO 11074:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11074:2015(E/F)Soil quality

27、 Vocabulary1 ScopeThis International Standard defines a list of terms used in the preparation of the standards in the field of soil quality.The terms are classified under the following main headings: general terms (terms relating to soil, soil materials, land, and sites); description of soil (soil c

28、haracteristics, soil water, properties of soils and substances, processes in soil, contamination, pollution, background content); sampling (general terms, sample types/sampling type, sampling stages, execution of sampling, quality control samples, sample pretreatment); terms relating to the assessme

29、nt of soils (quality, assessment of soil and sites with respect to risk, hazard and exposure, soil protection); remediation (general terms, principal remediation types, engineering-based methods, process-based treatment methods); soil ecotoxicology.NOTE See also the ISO online browsing platform (OBP

30、): www.iso.org/obp/ui/2 General terms and definitions2.1 Terms and definitions relating to soil2.1.1aerobicdescriptive of a condition with molecular oxygen available2.1.2anaerobicdescriptive of a condition with no molecular oxygen available2.1.3available water capacitysoil water content usable by pl

31、ants based on the effective root penetration depthNote 1 to entry: The usable field capacity in the effective root zone is expressed in mm water column.Note 2 to entry: The available water capacity (AWC) is generally taken to be the water content between field capacity (FC) and the permanent wilting

32、 point (PWP) or 10 kilopascals to 1 500 kilopascals. See readily available water capacity.2.1.4dissolved organic carbonDOCconcentration of organic carbon remaining in solution after filtration and/or centrifugation under defined conditions Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in mg/l, g/m3. ISO 2015 All

33、 rights reserved/Tous droits rservs 1BS EN ISO 11074:2015ISO 11074:2015(E/F)2.1.5field capacitymaximum water content expressed in percent (w/w or v/v) that an unsaturated soil can retain against gravity under undisturbed soil conditions (conventionlly stated as water content two days to three days a

34、fter full saturation with water)Note 1 to entry: Conventionally stated as water content 48 h after saturation under conditions of free drainage.2.1.6humustotal of all dead plant and animal substances and their organic transformation products, as well as organic material inserted through anthropogeni

35、c activities appearing in and on mineral soilNote 1 to entry: Living plants and soil organisms, as well as coal, are not counted among humus but are often methodically not separatable.2.1.7organic carbonsummarizing parameter including all of the carbon forms for dissolved (DOC: dissolved organic car

36、bon see 2.1.4) and total organic compounds (TOC: total organic carbon- see 2.1.22)Note 1 to entry: Organic carbon is not synonymous with organic matter content (see 2.1.8).2.1.8organic mattermatter consisting of plant and/or animal organic materials, and the conversion products of those materialsEXA

37、MPLE Humus.2.1.9parent materialunweathered inorganic solid or unconsolidated rock from which soil developed or originatedNote 1 to entry: It can include material from alluvial, colluvial, and aeolian origins.2.1.10perched groundwatergroundwater above a non-saturated zone2.1.11soilupper layer of the

38、Earths crust transformed by weathering and physical/chemical and biological processes and composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air, and living organisms organized in generic soil horizonsNote 1 to entry: In a broader civil engineering sense, soil includes topsoil and sub-soil; depos

39、its such as clays, silts, sands, gravels, cobbles, boulders, and organic matter and deposits such as peat; materials of human origin such as wastes; ground gas and moisture; and living organisms.2.1.12soil characterizationdetermination of relevant physical, chemical, and biological properties of the

40、 soil2.1.13soil gasgas and vapour in the pore spaces of soils2.1.14soil porespart of the soil volume, between the solid particles of the soil2 ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsBS EN ISO 11074:2015ISO 11074:2015(E/F)2.1.15soil qualityall current positive or negative properties with rega

41、rds to soil utilization and soil functions2.1.16soil reactioncharacterizing property of the acid base state of soils, which is determined through hydrogen ion concentration of a soil extraction performed under defined conditionsNote 1 to entry: The pH value is stated as negative 10-logarithm of the

42、concentration of hydrogen ions and expressed in moles/l in aqueous solution.2.1.17soil structurearrangement of particles and organic matter to form aggregates which produce macro structures and micro structures in the soil2.1.18soil texturerelative proportions of the various particle size fractions

43、(i.e. sand, silt, clay) in a soil, according to a soil classification system2.1.19standard soilfield-collected soil or manufactured soil whose main properties (e.g. pH, texture, organic matter content) are within a known rangeEXAMPLE Euro-soils, artificial soil, LUFA standard soil.Note 1 to entry: T

44、he properties of standards soils might differ from the test soil.2.1.20subsoilnatural soil material below the topsoil and overlying the parent materialNote 1 to entry: All or much of the original rock structure has usually been obliterated by pedogenic processes.2.1.21topsoilupper part of a natural

45、soil that is generally dark coloured and has a higher content of organic matter and nutrients when compared to the (mineral) horizons below, excluding the humus layerNote 1 to entry: For arable land, topsoil refers to the ploughed soil depth, while for grassland; it is the soil layer with high root

46、content.2.1.22total organic carbonTOCall carbon present in organic matter2.1.23wilting pointwater content of the soil below which the plants are not able to uptake water with their root systemNote 1 to entry: Permanent wilting point (PWP) is the moisture content below which a sunflower seedling cann

47、ot recover from wilt. It is generally taken to equal a suction of 1 500 kilopascals. ISO 2015 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs 3BS EN ISO 11074:2015ISO 11074:2015(E/F)2.2 Terms and definitions relating to soil materials2.2.1construction worksapplications where soil materials are not required t

48、o have a direct productive use although they can support other layers intended to have a productive useSOURCE: for example, earthworks (e.g. embankments), landscape engineering, road construction, construction of waste disposal sites, and back filling of excavated sites or mines2.2.2damaged landdegr

49、aded landland which, due to natural processes or human activity, is no longer able to properly sustain an economic function and/or the natural or near natural ecological function2.2.3degraded soilsoil whose natural properties and soil functions or productivity have been damaged by contamination or physical or other processes2.2.4dredged materialmaterial excavated during e.g. maintenance, construction, reconstruction, and extension measures from watersNote 1 to entry: Dredged material might consist of sediments or subhydric soils, and so