BS EN 19694-2-2016 Stationary source emissions Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries Iron and steel industry《固定源排放 高耗能行业温室气体 (GHG) 排放 钢铁工业》.pdf

《BS EN 19694-2-2016 Stationary source emissions Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries Iron and steel industry《固定源排放 高耗能行业温室气体 (GHG) 排放 钢铁工业》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS EN 19694-2-2016 Stationary source emissions Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries Iron and steel industry《固定源排放 高耗能行业温室气体 (GHG) 排放 钢铁工业》.pdf（86页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、BS EN 19694-2:2016Stationary source emissions Greenhouse Gas (GHG)emissions in energy-intensiveindustriesPart 2: Iron and steel industryBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 19694-2:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK

2、 implementation of EN 19694-2:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne

3、cessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016 .Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87113 9 ICS 13.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Stand

4、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 19694-2:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 19694-2 July 2016 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Statio

5、nary source emissions - Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries - Part 2: Iron and steel industry missions de sources fixes - Dtermination des missions de gaz effet de serre (GES) dans les industries nergo-intensives - Partie 2: Industrie sidrurgique Emissionen aus stationren Q

6、uellen - Bestimmung von Treibhausgasen (THG) aus energieintensiven Industrien - Teil 2: Stahl- und Eisenindustrie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 May 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europea

7、n Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (

8、English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgi

9、um, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer

10、land, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national M

11、embers. Ref. No. EN 19694-2:2016 EBS EN 19694-2:2016EN 19694-2:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Abbreviations . 8 5 Scope of reporting for the iron and steel industry 9 5.1 Plants, processes and boundaries

12、. 9 5.2 Products and by-products . 11 5.3 Energy, utilities and other materials 12 5.4 Greenhouse gases in the steel industry . 12 5.5 Processes and reference products . 12 5.6 Units 13 6 Basic principles of CO2emission determination. 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Principle of the carbon mass balance . 14

13、 6.3 Determination of activity data 14 6.4 Determination of emission factors 14 7 Determination of CO2emissions at facility level . 16 8 Assessment of CO2emission performance 19 8.1 Assessment of CO2impact of a facility, including process emissions 19 8.2 Assessment of actual CO2impact of a facility

14、 . 19 8.3 Indicator-based assessment of CO2emission performance 20 9 Determination of CO2reference values 32 10 Assessment of data quality . 33 10.1 Preliminery checks to detect unrealistic data . 33 11 Uncertainty assessment . 35 11.1 General . 35 11.2 Uncertainty of activity data 35 11.3 Uncertain

15、ty of carbon content . 35 11.4 Determination of uncertainty of CO2emissions for individual sources . 36 11.5 Uncertainty of total direct emissions for a facility . 37 Annex A (informative) Definition of the technical boundaries of processes . 38 Annex B (informative) Products and by-products of the

16、iron and steel Industry . 45 Annex C (informative) Default values for emission factors and upstream data 52 Annex D (informative) Examples of application of carbon mass balance methodology . 55 Annex E (informative) Assessment of emission performance at facility level (carbon input performance) . 60

17、 Annex F (informative) Determination of process performance . 64 BS EN 19694-2:2016EN 19694-2:2016 (E) 3 Annex G (informative) Description of data checks on process data 69 Annex H (informative) Elements on sampling, analyses and uncertainty 73 Bibliography . 80 BS EN 19694-2:2016EN 19694-2:2016 (E)

18、 4 European foreword This document (EN 19694-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at t

19、he latest by January 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any o

20、r all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate M/478 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This European Standard deals with sector-specific aspects for the determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from steel production. Th

21、is standard can be used to measure, report and compare the GHG emissions of a steel facility. It can also be used to assess the GHG performance of a steel facility or parts of it. EN 19694, Stationary source emissions Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries con

22、sists of the following parts: Part 1: General aspects Part 2: Iron and steel industry Part 3: Cement industry Part 4: Aluminium industry Part 5: Lime industry Part 6: Ferroalloy industry According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countrie

23、s are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland

24、, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 19694-2:2016EN 19694-2:2016 (E) 5 Introduction The steel industry recognizes the urgent need to take action to combat climate change. Slowing and halting global warming will require substantial

25、reductions in greenhouse gas emission on a global scale. To play a part in achieving these reductions, steel production sites, recognized as major emitters of GHG, should as a first step assess their CO2emission performance relating to the production of steel products in order to identify and quanti

26、fy emission reduction opportunities. Steel production involves complex chemical reactions, successive heating cycles, and the recycling of various by-products. A variety of inputs, including raw materials, reactive agents, fuel and heat sources are transformed into a wide range of steel products, by

27、-products, waste materials and waste energy. Steel sites manufacture a wide range of products including, among others, sheet products, plate products, long products, pipe and tubes. In addition, some steel sites produce unique high-performance specialty steel products, which are created by employing

28、 various sub-processes including micro-alloying and surface treatment, thus requiring additional heat treatments. Therefore, there are no two steel sites in the world which are the same. As a consequence, a sound assessment of performance should be made independent of the production structure. Regul

29、ations related to climate change require steel companies to devise methods to reduce CO2emissions from steel sites while continuing to produce steel products from these diverse and complex steelmaking processes. To accomplish this, it is desirable to have universally common indicators for determinin

30、g the CO2emission performance of a site. It has been the usual practice to determine CO2emissions at facility level, from which a CO2intensity per unit of reference product, usually “crude steel”, can be derived. ISO TC 17/SC /WG 21 has proposed and issued a standard for the determination of CO2inte

31、nsity derived from the method developed by worldsteel (the world steel association) as ISO 14404-1 and ISO 14404-2. Although giving a valuable insight on CO2emission performance, the “CO2intensity” approach suggested by the ISO 14404 standards series has some limitations as it provides only one sing

32、le CO2value for any specific facility, regardless of the complexity of its structure. With a view to better evaluating the CO2performance of a facility along the steel value chain, the European Steel Industry has, since 2005, worked to set up CO2accounting rules aimed at carrying out the CO2emission

33、 performance assessment of steel production facilities while taking into account and properly addressing potential distortions due to differing facility structure. To this end, this standard goes beyond the mere “CO2intensity” approach to determine the performance of each process and unit that is pa

34、rt of the facility in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the value chain and, at a later stage, consolidate the performance at facility level. As stressed in Part 1 of this standard series, this standard does not prejudice the content or application of any other standard or legal prov

35、ision. BS EN 19694-2:2016EN 19694-2:2016 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard provides a harmonized methodology for calculating GHG emissions and GHG performance in the steel industry. This European Standard applies to facilities producing any of the multiple products of the steel value chain. It is

36、 supported by a set of worksheets 1. This European Standard deals with the specific aspects for the determination of GHG emissions from steel production and the assessment of emission performance. This standard is to be used in conjunction with EN 19694-1, which contains overall requirements, defini

37、tions and rules applicable to the determination of GHG emissions for energy-intensive sectors, thereby providing a common methodological approach. EN 19694-1 and EN 19694-2 provide a harmonized method for: a) measuring, testing and quantifying methods for the determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) em

38、issions; b) assessing the level of GHG emissions performance of production processes over time, at production sites; c) the establishment and provision of reliable and accurate information of proper quality for reporting and verification purposes. In addition, this standard provides a stepwise appro

39、ach for the determination of CO2emissions and the assessment of CO2performance of steel facilities, providing a set of methodologies allowing for a fair and reliable assessment of the CO2performance of each individual process along the steel production value chain. It can be seen as a toolbox which

40、enables the determination of CO2emissions and the assessment of CO2performance of steel production facilities at various levels of disaggregation, establishing a sound system for: the evaluation of the global CO2performance of a steel production facility taking its production structure into account;

41、 setting a reliable basis for evaluation of the CO2reduction potential in a facility and the contributing processes; setting a basis for accurate evaluation of new technologies. Next to the determination of the direct and indirect CO2emissions of a steel facility, this standard has a strong focus on

42、 performance assessment which it strives to address through the following aspects: assessment of CO2impact, including process emissions: this methodology evaluates the total CO2emission of a steel facility, with the carbon content of the waste gases burdened as CO2to the processes giving rise to the

43、m; assessment of the actual CO2impact: this methodology evaluates the total CO2emissions released by a steel facility, but considers waste gases exported or used in a power plant as equal to natural gas in terms of CO2emissions; carbon input CO2performance at facility level: this methodology deliver

44、s an indicator comparing the facility performance with best practice, on the basis of the carbon input to the system; BS EN 19694-2:2016EN 19694-2:2016 (E) 7 CO2performance assessment at process level: this methodology delivers a set of indicators comparing process performance with best practice at

45、unit level. These indicators are then combined as a consolidated figure for the whole facility. This methodology also provides a theoretical assessment of the CO2saving potential up to best practice. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in t

46、his document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 19694-1, Stationary source emissions Determination of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissi

47、ons in energy intensive industries Part 1: General aspects ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 boundaries

48、 organizational or technical limits of a facility or plant Note 1 to entry: The wording of “battery limits” can also be utilized. 3.2 Electric Arc Furnace facility steel production facility based entirely or partially on the use of recycled scrap melted in an electric arc furnace Note 1 to entry: By

49、 extension, this type of facility can incorporate a direct reduction production unit. 3.3 integrated facility steel production facility based on use of virgin iron ores applying the blast furnace route 3.4 net use net use of a source stream is the amount of fuel, material or energy which is used at the reporting boundaries during the reporting period. Note 1 to entry: It can be calculated for the total facility from procurements, deliveries and stock variations or at process level from external use and net generation excluding internal