BS EN 16237-2013 Classification of non-electrical sources of incoherent optical radiation《不连续光辐射非电光源的分类》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16237:2013Classification of non-electricalsources of incoherent opticalradiationBS EN 16237:2013Incorporating corrigendum June 2013BS EN 16237:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational

2、 forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16237:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EL/1, Light and lighting applications.This standard has limited application, as the main sources of incoherent optical radiation are either electrical

3、 or associated with machines, and hence beyond the scope of this standard, but are covered in: EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008; EN 60825-1:2007; EN 62471:2008.It is the view of EL/1 that BS EN 16237:2013 does not cover solar radiation; however, solar radiation is not specifically excluded.A list of organiza

4、tions represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013I

5、SBN 978 0 580 82605 4ICS 17.180.20; 17.240Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 1 January 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text

6、affected30 June 2013 Insertion of additional national foreword textBS EN 16237:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16237 January 2013 ICS 17.180.20; 17.240 English Version Classification of non-electrical sources of incoherent optical radiation Classification des sources non lec

7、triques de rayonnement optique incohrent Klassifizierung nicht elektrisch betriebener Quellen inkohrenter optischer Strahlung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for gi

8、ving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three of

9、ficial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies

10、of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain

11、, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nati

12、onal Members. Ref. No. EN 16237:2013: EBS EN 16237:2013EN 16237:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Classification 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Emission classes . 10 4.2.1 General . 10 4.2.2 UV-emissions potentially causi

13、ng eye and skin hazards . 12 4.2.3 UV- and visible emissions potentially causing blue-light hazard 12 4.2.4 Visible and IR-emissions potentially causing retinal thermal hazard 13 4.2.5 Visible and IR-emissions potentially causing cornea and lens hazards and skin burning hazard . 13 4.3 Additional in

14、formation for class 6 emissions . 14 4.4 Procedures for the classification for non-constant radiation emissions 14 4.4.1 UV-emissions potentially causing eye and skin hazards . 14 4.4.2 UV- and visible emissions potentially causing blue-light hazard 14 4.4.3 Visible and IR-emissions potentially caus

15、ing retinal thermal hazard 15 4.4.4 Visible and IR-emissions potentially causing cornea and lens hazards and skin burning hazard . 15 5 Procedures for determining optical radiation emissions . 15 5.1 General . 15 5.2 Physical quantities . 15 5.3 Measurement methods . 15 5.3.1 Selection of suitable m

16、ethods . 15 5.3.2 Suitable apparatus . 15 5.3.3 Requirements . 15 5.4 Performing measurements 17 5.4.1 General . 17 5.4.2 Operating conditions . 17 5.4.3 Measurement points . 18 5.4.4 Measurement time and duration 19 5.4.5 Report of the measurements . 19 6 Marking . 20 7 Information for use . 21 Ann

17、ex A (informative) Rationale for the radiation emission classification . 22 A.1 Background for the emission class specifications . 22 A.2 Use of the source classification in a risk assessment . 23 Annex B (informative) Classification reference values related to skin burn hazards 25 Annex C (informat

18、ive) Suitable methods for measurement of optical radiation emissions . 27 Bibliography 29 BS EN 16237:2013EN 16237:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16237:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standa

19、rd shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this doc

20、ument may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard:

21、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,

22、Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16237:2013EN 16237:2013 (E) 4 Introduction Optical radiation consists of the spectral regions covered by ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. Sources of incoherent optical radiation are used both in workplaces and privately. The radia

23、tion may intentionally be applied to carry out a specific task or may occur unintentionally as a by-product. Some sources are powered electrically, others are powered non-electrically, e.g. by gas or other fuels. Examples for non-electrically powered sources are burners, furnaces, heaters, gas weldi

24、ng, thermal cutting, chemical torches, hot materials etc. People staying near to or working in the vicinity of such sources may be exposed to optical radiation. Depending on the level of exposure, injuries may occur to the skin and/or to the eyes. In order to avoid such injuries, European 1 and nati

25、onal legislation require the determination of exposures and the assessment of the associated risks in workplaces. In addition, maximum allowed optical radiation exposure limit values are set by legislation. Workers must not exceed these exposure limit values. If necessary, exposure reduction measure

26、s have to be applied. Optical radiation exposures can be determined by several procedures: measurements, calculations, derivations from source emission data, etc. Not all of these procedures are appropriate in every case. Exposure measurements can be made in accordance with EN 14255-1 and EN 14255-2

27、, but are expensive and time consuming. Generally, it is preferable to carry out a risk assessment without expensive measurements, if possible. Calculations of exposures may be done with the aid of software such as Catrayon1)3, but not in all cases. If quantitative emission data from the source are

28、available, the user may in some cases estimate the possible exposure of people in the vicinity of the radiation source. A simpler approach for risk assessment is the classification of the optical radiation emissions. If such an emission classification is available, the user may easily assess the ris

29、k from use of the source. Emission classifications are already provided by standards for laser devices (EN 60825-1) 8 and for machinery (EN 12198-1) 7 as well as for lamps and lamp systems (EN 62471) 9. This present standard provides a specific emission classification for non-electrically powered op

30、tical radiation sources. The classification in this standard is intended to be user-friendly. The emission classes depend on the duration tmax beyond which the exposure limit values of the European directive on artificial optical radiation 2006/25/EC 1 may be exceeded. By comparing the actual exposu

31、re duration occurring at the workplace with tmax, the user can easily estimate if the exposure limit values may or may not be exceeded. Therefore, for a classified source, a risk assessment as required by Directive 2006/25/EC can easily be carried out. The measurement of the optical radiation emissi

32、on for the classification of the source is always carried out at a standard distance and at greater distances if that is where emission is at the maximum. Therefore, this classification represents the worst case exposure. This is appropriate if people are likely to be in the vicinity. However, sourc

33、es are often operated in such a way that people will be further away than the worst-case location. For these applications, a classification shall be made not only for the worst case, but in addition for normal use conditions. The source classification measurements shall then be made for several dist

34、ances around the source including the normal operating distance(s). As a result, emission classes are produced depending on the distance or even iso-emission-class lines around the source. The user is then able to estimate more easily the maximum possible exposure under normal use conditions and als

35、o under worst case conditions. 1) Catrayon is an example of a suitable software available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN or CENELEC of this product. BS EN 16237:2013EN 16237:2013 (E) 5 There

36、 is a limitation of the concept of risk assessment with classified sources. A risk assessment can only be carried out if the classified source contributes predominantly to the optical radiation exposure of people. If there are several optical radiation sources that significantly contribute to the ex

37、posure, the risk assessment has to be carried out in a different way, e.g. by measurement of the exposure and comparison with the exposure limit values. In many cases however, one source will be predominant and an easy risk assessment can be carried out using the emission classification. Therefore,

38、emission classification of a source forms a practical approach. BS EN 16237:2013EN 16237:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard provides a scheme for the classification of artificial non-electrical sources of incoherent optical radiation with regard to their radiation emissions. It helps users of

39、 the sources to easily carry out a risk assessment when people can be exposed to radiation from the sources. This standard applies for sources emitting optical radiation in the wavelength between 180 nm and 3 000 nm. This standard does not apply for electrically powered sources. This standard does n

40、ot apply for machinery, for laser devices and for lamps and lamp systems. NOTE A classification for machinery is given in EN 12198-1 7, a classification for laser devices is given in EN 60825-1 8 and a classification for lamps and lamp systems is given in EN 62471 9. 2 Normative references The follo

41、wing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14255-1:2005,

42、 Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace EN 14255-2:2005, Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation Part 2: Visible and infrared radiation emit

43、ted by artificial sources in the workplace EN 14255-4:2006, Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation Part 4: Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposure measurements ISO 7010, Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Registered saf

44、ety signs ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14255-4:2006 and the following apply. 3.1 emission class characteristic of an optical source which reflects the level of optical

45、 radiation emission at a specified distance Note 1 to entry: Emission classes in this standard are correlated to maximum exposure durations tmax according to Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5. 3.2 maximum exposure duration tmaxtime duration up to which a person being exposed to optical radiation does not exceed

46、the exposure limit values Note 1 to entry: Exposure limit values associated with tmaxin this standard are taken from the European Directive on artificial optical radiation 2006/25/EC 1. BS EN 16237:2013EN 16237:2013 (E) 7 3.3 irradiance E quotient of the radiant power incident on an element of a sur

47、face by the area of that element Note 1 to entry: See also CIE 17.4 5. Note 2 to entry: The irradiance E may be defined for a specified wavelength-band, e.g. 315 nm to 400 nm (UV-A), 380 nm to 3 000 nm (visible and IR-A and IR-B), 780 nm to 3 000 nm (IR-A and IR-B). 3.4 ultraviolet hazard irradiance

48、 Esirradiance spectrally weighted with the ultraviolet hazard weighting function s(), given by: d)()(21ssE= (1) SOURCE: EN 14255-4 Note 1 to entry: Values for the function s() are specified in EU directive 2006/25/EC in the wavelength range 180 nm to 400 nm. 3.5 retinal thermal radiance Lrradiance s

49、pectrally weighted with the retinal thermal hazard weighting function r(), given by: =21d)( )( rLLr(2) SOURCE: EN 14255-4 Note 1 to entry: The retinal thermal radiance can be defined in specific wavelength bands e.g. 380 nm to 1 400 nm and 780 nm to 1 400 nm. See Table 4. 3.6 blue-light radiance Lbradiance spectrally weighted with the blue-light hazard weighting function b(), given by: =21d)()( bLLb(3) SOURCE: EN 14255-4 Note 1 to entry: Values for the function b() are specified in EU directive 2006/25/EC in t