BS EN 15853-2010 Ambient air quality - Standard method for the determination of mercury deposition《环境空气质量 汞沉积物测定标准方法》.pdf

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1、BS EN 15853:2010ICS 13.040.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDAmbient air quality Standard method forthe determination ofmercury depositionThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 Jun

2、e2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 61502 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15853:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15853:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A li

3、st of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal o

4、bligations.BS EN 15853:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15853 June 2010 ICS 13.040.20 English Version Ambient air quality - Standard method for the determination of mercury deposition Qualit de lair ambiant - Mthode normalise pour la dtermination des dpts de mercure Auenluftb

5、eschaffenheit - Standardisiertes Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Quecksilberdeposition This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nat

6、ional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in

7、 any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

8、 Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORM

9、ALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15853:2010: EBS EN 15853:2010EN 15853:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42

10、Normative references 43 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 44 Principle of mercury deposition determinations 75 Siting requirements for mercury deposition determinations 76 Reagents .87 Sampling .98 Analysis . 119 Quality control . 1110 Calculation of results . 1211 Estimation of the measurement u

11、ncertainty of the method . 1412 Performance characteristics determined in field tests . 1513 Reporting of results 16Annex A (informative) Sampling equipment that can be used for precipitation sampling . 17Annex B (informative) Sampling procedure 20Annex C (informative) Analytical procedure . 22Annex

12、 D (informative) Summary of field trial validation tests . 27Annex E (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directives . 32Bibliography . 33BS EN 15853:2010EN 15853:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15853:2010) has been prepared by Technica

13、l Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn

14、at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given

15、to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). There are currently only European Standard methods for the determination of the mercury concentration in water samples (EN ISO 17852, Water quality Determination of merc

16、ury Method using atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 17852:2006) and EN 1483, Water quality Determination of mercury Method using atomic absorption spectrometry) but no standard method exists for the determination of mercury in precipitation, though OSPAR/EMEP reference methods are currently avail

17、able for mercury in precipitation. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany

18、, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15853:2010EN 15853:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the deter

19、mination of the total deposition of mercury. This standard can be used within the framework of the European Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management and Directive 2004/107/EC. Performance requirements with which the method should comply are specified in this European Standa

20、rd. The performance characteristics of the method were determined in comparative field validation tests carried out at two European locations. This European Standard is applicable to background sites that are in accordance with the requirements of Directive 2004/107/EC and to urban and industrial si

21、tes. This standard allows the sampling of deposition using cylindrical deposition gauges, and analysis using Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS) or Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CVAFS) following existing harmonised and standardised procedures. The standard is applicabl

22、e for the measurement of mercury in deposition between 1 ng/(m2d) and 100 ng/(m2d). The standard is validated for the deposition range listed in Table 1. Table 1 Working range of this standard method Working range ng/(m2.d) Lower limit Upper limit 1 100 NOTE The range given is based upon the values

23、measured in the field validation test. The upper and lower limits are the observed minimum and maximum values measured during the field validation tests. The actual lower limits of the working range depends on the variability of the laboratory blank, for bulk and wet-only collectors, and the precipi

24、tation. The method can be applied to higher and lower deposition rates provided that the collection characteristics are not compromised. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited appl

25、ies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement CR 14377, Air quality Approach to uncertainty estimation for ambient air reference measurement methods EN ISO 17852, Water q

26、uality Determination of mercury Method using atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 17852:2006) EN ISO 20988, Air quality Guidelines for estimating measurement uncertainty (ISO 20988:2007) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and a

27、bbreviations apply. BS EN 15853:2010EN 15853:2010 (E) 5 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 ambient air outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplace air 3.1.2 atmospheric deposition mass flow rate (unit of mass per unit of area per unit of time) describing the process of the transfer of any speci

28、es from the atmosphere to an environmental compartment, e.g. air to water, air to soil NOTE Atmospheric deposition is the sum of the depositions of sedimenting particles, non-sedimenting particles and gases. 3.1.3 bulk collector equipment to collect bulk deposition NOTE Bulk collectors sample deposi

29、tion at all times. A bulk sampler can consist of a funnel-bottle combination or a wide mouthed jar. 3.1.4 bulk deposition sum of the deposition of sedimenting wet and dry particles NOTE Bulk deposition is a part of the atmospheric deposition. 3.1.5 combined standard measurement uncertainty standard

30、measurement uncertainty that is obtained using the individual standard measurement uncertainties associated with the input quantities in a measurement model NOTE In case of correlations of input quantities in a measurement model, covariances should also be taken into account when calculating the com

31、bined standard measurement uncertainty ISO/IEC Guide 99 (VIM). 3.1.6 coverage factor number larger than one by which a combined standard measurement uncertainty is multiplied to obtain an expanded measurement uncertainty NOTE A coverage factor is usually symbolized k ISO/IEC Guide 99 (VIM). 3.1.7 de

32、tection limit (DL), instrumental lowest amount of an analyte that is detectable using an instrument as determined by repeated measurements of a reagent blank 3.1.8 detection limit (DL), method lowest amount of an analyte detectable after the whole measurement process as determined by repeated measur

33、ements of different field blanks 3.1.9 dry deposition sum of the deposition of sedimenting dry particles, non sedimenting particles and gases NOTE Dry deposition includes the following processes: atmospheric turbulent diffusion, adsorption, absorption, impaction and gravitational settling. The dry d

34、eposition process is affected by the type of underlying surface and surface conditions. Dry deposition is a part of the atmospheric deposition. BS EN 15853:2010EN 15853:2010 (E) 6 3.1.10 expanded uncertainty product of a combined standard measurement uncertainty and a factor larger than the number o

35、ne NOTE 1 The factor depends upon the type of probability distribution of the output quantity in a measurement model and on the selected coverage probability. NOTE 2 The term “factor“ in this definition refers to a coverage factor. NOTE 3 Expanded measurement uncertainty is termed “overall uncertain

36、ty“ in paragraph 5 of Recommendation INC-1 (1980) (see the GUM) and simply “uncertainty“ in IEC documents ISO/IEC Guide 99 (VIM). NOTE 4 For the purpose of this document the expanded uncertainty is the combined standard uncertainty multiplied by a coverage factor k = 2 resulting in an interval with

37、a level of confidence of 95 %. 3.1.11 field blank artificial sample (e.g. de-ionised water) taken through the same procedure as the precipitation sample, except that this has not been exposed to precipitation NOTE It is transported to the sampling site, mounted in the sampling unit, returned to the

38、laboratory and worked up in the same way as the deposition sample. 3.1.12 laboratory blank artificial sample (e.g. de-ionised water) taken through the same procedure in the laboratory as the precipitation sample, worked up in the same way as the deposition sample 3.1.13 measurement uncertainty non-n

39、egative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used NOTE 1 Measurement uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of

40、 measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. NOTE 2 The parameter may be, for example, a standard deviation called standard measurement uncer

41、tainty (or a specified multiple of it), or the half-width of an interval, having a stated coverage probability. ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 (VIM) 3.1.14 precipitation rain, snow, sleet, snow pellets (“graupel“) and hail 3.1.15 reagent blank artificial sample (e.g. de-ionised water) processed through the a

42、nalytical measurement steps 3.1.16 wet deposition sum of depositions of sedimenting wet particles and droplets NOTE Wet particles and droplets in the atmosphere undergo the process of scavenging of any gases and/or particles. Wet deposition is a part of the atmospheric deposition. 3.1.17 wet-only co

43、llector equipment to collect wet deposition, typically a funnel-bottle combination BS EN 15853:2010EN 15853:2010 (E) 7 NOTE Wet-only collectors collect only during wet precipitation events 3.2 Abbreviations CRM Certified Reference Material CVAAS Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry CVAFS Cold

44、Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry EMEP Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) WMO/GAW World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch 4 Principle of mercury deposit

45、ion determinations Atmospheric deposition is defined as the sum of the depositions of sedimenting particles, non-sedimenting particles and gases. Total atmospheric deposition is the sum of dry deposition and wet deposition. Bulk deposition is the sedimenting part of the atmospheric deposition. There

46、 is no method available to determine total atmospheric deposition in one measurement. The determination of the dry deposition requires micrometeorological measurements, taking into account the turbulent atmospheric transport processes. Wet deposition and bulk deposition, however, can be estimated us

47、ing suitable collectors. This standard describes methods to determine wet deposition and bulk deposition of mercury using wet-only- and bulk collectors. The wet-only collector is designed to collect sedimenting water containing wet particles only, while the bulk collector is designed to collect all

48、sedimenting wet and dry particles. However, since the deposition process is affected by various factors, e.g. wind speed, temperature, vegetation, surface type, etc., the wet-only collector will not catch all sedimenting wet particles while some sedimenting dry particles, non-sedimenting particles a

49、nd gases will be collected. Also, the bulk collector will not catch all sedimenting particles while some non-sedimenting particles and gases will be collected. The method is divided into two main parts: a) sampling of precipitation in the field; b) mercury analysis in the laboratory. The precipitation sample is stabilized with hydrochloric acid and transferred to the laboratory in the collection vessel. Mercury in the precipitation sample is oxidised using bromine monochloride. Mer