BS EN 12680-2-2003 Founding - Ultrasonic examination - Steel castings for highly stressed components《铸造 超声检验 高应力元件用钢铸件》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12680-2:2003Founding Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed componentsThe European Standard EN 12680-2:2003 has the status of a British StandardICS 77.040.20g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g4

2、9g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 12680-2:2003Incorporating corrigendum November 2016BS EN 12680-2:2003ISBN 978 0 580 96029 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 November 2016 Correction to visibil

3、ity of k symbols throughout documentThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 5 February 2003 The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation

4、 of EN 12680-2:2003.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi

5、sions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12680-2January 2003ICS 77.040.20English versionFounding - Ultrasonic examination - Part 2: Steel c

6、astings forhighly stressed componentsFonderie - Contrle par ultrasons - Partie 2: Picesmoules en acier pour composants fortement sollicitsGieereiwesen - Ultraschallprfung - Teil 2:Stahlgussstcke fr hoch beanspruchte BauteileThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2002.CEN members a

7、re bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to t

8、he Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as

9、 the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMI

10、TTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12680-2:2003 EEN 12680-2:2003 (E)2Content

11、spageForeword31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions44 Requirements .54.1 Order information 54.2 Extent of examination64.3 Maximum permissible size of discontinuities.64.4 Personnel qualification .64.5 Wall section zones.64.6 Severity levels 75 Examination75.1 Principles75.2 Materi

12、al75.3 Equipment, coupling medium, sensitivity and resolution of detection .85.4 Preparation of casting surfaces for testing 85.5 Examination procedure .95.6 Examination report 12Annex A (normative) Resolution of detection of the instrument/probe combination.20Annex B (informative) Sound-beam diamet

13、ers .21Annex C (informative) Types of indications 23Bibliography 35BS EN 12680-2:2003EN 12680-2:2003 (E)EN 12680-2:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12680-2:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry Technol-ogy“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standar

14、d shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by July 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byJuly 2003.Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 1

15、90/WG 4.10 “Inner defects“to prepare the following standard:EN 12680-2, Founding Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed components.This is one of three European Standards for ultrasonic examination. The other standards are:EN 12680-1, Founding Ultrasonic examination Part 1

16、: Steel castings for general purposes.EN 12680-3, Founding Ultrasonic examination Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings.Annex A is normative. Annexes B and C are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries a

17、re bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swe-den, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.BS EN 12680-2:2003EN 12680-2:2003 (E)EN 12680-2:2003

18、 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic examination of steel castings (with ferriticstructure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulseecho technique.This European Standard applies to the ultrasonic

19、examination of steel castings which have usually received a grainrefining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to test procedure and recording levels.This European Standard does not apply to aust

20、enitic steels and joint welds.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subseq

21、uent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic exami

22、nation Part 1: General principles.EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting.EN 583-5:2000, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 5: Characterization and sizing of discon-tinuities.EN 12223, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examinat

23、ion Specification for calibration block No. 1.EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 1: Instruments.EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 2: Probes.EN 1266

24、8-3, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 3: Combined equipment.EN 27963, Welds in steel Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds (ISO 7963:1985).3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the fo

25、llowing terms and definitions apply.NOTE Other terms and definitions used in this European Standard are given in EN 583-1, EN 583-2, EN 583-5 andEN 1330-4.3.1reference discontinuity echo sizesmallest indication to be recorded during the assessment phase of an ultrasonic examination, usually expresse

26、d asan equivalent flat-bottomed hole diameter3.2point discontinuitydiscontinuity, the dimensions of which are smaller than or equal to the sound-beam diameterBS EN 12680-2:2003EN 12680-2:2003 (E)EN 12680-2:2003 (E)5NOTE Dimensions in this standard relate to length, width and/or dimension in through-

27、wall direction.3.3complex discontinuitydiscontinuity, the dimensions of which are larger than the sound-beam diameterNOTE Dimensions in this standard relate to length, width and/or dimension in through-wall direction.3.4planar discontinuitydiscontinuity having two measurable dimensions3.5volumetric

28、discontinuitydiscontinuity having three measurable dimensions3.6special rim zoneouter rim zone part with special requirements (for e.g. machined surfaces, higher stresses, sealing surfaces)3.7production weldingany welding carried out during manufacturing before final delivery to the purchaser3.7.1jo

29、int weldingproduction welding used to assemble components together to obtain an integral unit3.7.2finishing weldingproduction welding carried out in order to ensure the agreed quality of the casting4 Requirements4.1 Order informationThe following information shall be available at the time of enquiry

30、 and order (see also EN 583-1): the areas of the casting and the number or percentage of castings to which the ultrasonic examination require-ments apply; the severity level to be applied to the various zones or areas of the casting; requirements for a written examination procedure; whether there ar

31、e any additional requirements for the examination procedure, see also 5.5.1.BS EN 12680-2:2003EN 12680-2:2003 (E)EN 12680-2:2003 (E)64.2 Extent of examinationThe casting shall be examined so that the agreed areas are totally covered (insofar as this is possible from theshape of the casting) by the u

32、se of the best applicable examination technique.For wall thicknesses greater than 600 mm, agreement shall be made between the parties concerned on the testprocedure and also on the recording and acceptance levels.4.3 Maximum permissible size of discontinuities4.3.1 GeneralThe purchaser shall specify

33、 the acceptance level according to the required severity level for planar and volumetricdiscontinuities within each zone and in each specified area of the casting.The wall section shall be divided into zones as shown in Figure 1. These sections relate to the sizes of castingsready for assembly (fini

34、sh machined).4.3.2 Indications without measurable dimensionsIn special rim zones and at weld preparation ends, indications without measurable dimensions are limited to amaximum number of indications.These indications shall not exceed the limits given in Table 1.4.3.3 Indications with measurable dime

35、nsions4.3.3.1 Planar discontinuitiesPlanar discontinuities shall not exceed the limits given in Figure 2.The area of indication with measurable length but with non-measurable dimension in through-wall direction shall becalculated according to the formula given in Figure 2.The sizing of small planar

36、discontinuities, as given in Figure 2, becomes more difficult with increasing beam-pathlength and sound-beam diameter. As a guide, these sizings are normally applied to a rim zone of 30 mm. It makesthe use of probes with focussed beams such as twin-crystal probes necessary.4.3.3.2 Volumetric discont

37、inuitiesVolumetric discontinuities shall not exceed the sizes given in Figure 3 for rim zone and Figure 4 for core zone. Indi-cations with measurable dimensions are not permissible in severity level 1. The area of an indication with measur-able length but non-measurable width shall be calculated in

38、accordance with the formula given in Figures 3 and 4.4.4 Personnel qualificationIt is assumed that ultrasonic examination is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove thisqualification, it is recommended to certify personnel in accordance with EN 473.4.5 Wall section zonesThe w

39、all section shall be divided into zones as shown in Figure 1. These sections relate to the dimensions of thecasting ready for assembly (finish machined).BS EN 12680-2:2003EN 12680-2:2003 (E)EN 12680-2:2003 (E)74.6 Severity levelsIf the purchaser specifies different severity levels in different areas

40、 of the same casting, all of these areas shall beclearly identified on the purchasers drawing and shall include: all necessary dimensions for accurate location of zones; the full extent of all weld preparations and the thickness of any special rim zone.Severity level 1 is only applied to weld prepar

41、ations and special rim zones.Unless other requirements have been agreed by the time of acceptance of the order, for finishing welds, the re-quirements for the parent metal shall apply.5 Examination5.1 PrinciplesThe principles of ultrasonic examination given in EN 583-1, EN 583-2 and EN 583-5 shall a

42、pply.5.2 MaterialThe suitability of material for ultrasonic examination is assessed by comparison with the echo height of a referencereflector (usually the first backwall echo) and the noise signal. This assessment shall be carried out on selectedcasting areas which are representative of the surface

43、 finish and of the total thickness range. The assessment areasshall have parallel surfaces.The reference echo height according to Table 2 shall be at least 6 dB above the noise signal.If the echo height of this smallest detectable flat-bottomed or equivalent side-drilled hole diameter at the end of

44、thetest range to be assessed is less than 6 dB above the grass level, then the ultrasonic testability is reduced. In thiscase, the flat-bottomed or side-drilled hole diameter which can be detected with a signal-noise ratio of at least 6 dBshall be noted in the test report and the additional procedur

45、e shall be agreed between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.NOTE For the definition of an adequate flat-bottomed hole size, the distance gain size system (DGS) or a test block ofidentical material, heat treatment condition and section thickness containing flat-bottomed holes with a diameter accordin

46、g toTable 2 or equivalent side-drilled holes, can be used. The following formula is used for converting the flat-bottomed hole di-ameter into the side-drilled hole diameter:sDD=2FBHQ4935,4(1)whereDQis the side-drilled hole diameter in millimetres;DFBHis the flat-bottomed hole diameter in millimetres

47、; is the wave length in millimetres;s is the path length in millimetres.The formula is applicable for DQ 2 and s 5 near-field length and is only defined for single element probes.BS EN 12680-2:2003EN 12680-2:2003 (E)EN 12680-2:2003 (E)85.3 Equipment, coupling medium, sensitivity and resolution of de

48、tection5.3.1 Ultrasonic instrumentThe ultrasonic instrument shall meet the requirements given in EN 12668-1 and shall have the following character-istics: range setting, from at least 10 mm to 2 m continuously selectable, for longitudinal and transverse wavestransmitted in steel; gain, adjustable in

49、 2 dB maximum steps over a range of at least 80 dB with a measuring accuracy of 1 dB; time-base and vertical linearities less than 5 % of the adjustment range of the screen; suitability at least for nominal frequencies from 1 MHz up to and including 6 MHz in pulse-echo technique withsingle-crystal and twin-crystal probes.5.3.2 Probes and transducer frequenciesThe probes and transducer frequencies shall be as given in EN 12668-2 and EN 12668-3 with the following excep-tions: nominal frequencies shall be in the