BS 8848-2014 Specification for the provision of visits fieldwork expeditions and adventurous activities outside the United Kingdom《英国境外游览 野外工作 探险和冒险活动的条款规范》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8848:2014Specification for theprovision of visits,fieldwork, expeditions andadventurous activitiesoutside the United KingdomPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Stan

2、dards Institution 2014Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 80546 2ICS 03.080.30; 03.200The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference SVS/2Draft for comment 13/30270871 DCPublication historyFirst published April 2007Second (present) edition Marc

3、h 2014Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8848:2014 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiiIntroduction 11 Scope 32 Terms and definitions 33 The venture 63.1 The venture provider 63.2 Purpose for the venture 63.3 Planning the venture 63.4 Permissions 63.5 Finance 73.6 Venture contin

4、uity 73.7 Contingency, incident and emergency planning 73.8 Communication 93.9 Insurance 104 Risk management 114.1 Safety policy 114.2 Risk assessment and management system 114.3 Risk management in the venture planning 124.4 Risk management during a venture 134.5 The participants role in risk manage

5、ment 135 People 135.1 Venture leader, leadership team and support personnel 135.2 Identification of potential participants 165.3 Stakeholders 175.4 Supervision and staffing ratios 175.5 Induction and training 205.6 Information to participants to enable informed consent 215.7 Legal framework and cont

6、racts 226 Venture elements 246.1 Overall accountability 246.2 Third party provider 246.3 Travel 256.4 Accommodation 266.5 Environment: physical and cultural 266.6 Venture activities 276.7 Medical 276.8 Equipment 297 Review 307.1 Venture reviews 307.2 Management system reviews 308 Claim of conformity

7、 by the venture provider 31AnnexesAnnex A (informative) The venture providers guide to BS 8848 32Annex B (informative) Information to be supplied to the participant by theventure provider: for visits, fieldwork, expeditions and adventure holidaysoutside the UK 34Annex C (informative) BS 8848:2014 Se

8、lf-declaration of conformity: supportingdocumentation and checklist 36Bibliography 39BRITISH STANDARD BS 8848:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iList of tablesTable 1 Examples of applicability of the standard 2Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pa

9、ges i to iv,pages 1 to 40, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8848:2014ii The British Standards Institution 2014ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect o

10、n 31 March 2014. It wasprepared by Technical Committee SVS/2, Tourism services. A list of organizationsrepresented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 8848:2007+A1:2009, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis i

11、s a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges:a) clauses have been regrouped and consolidated to focus on key processessuch as planning and risk assessment;b) a focus on the approval and review of safety management systems,including matching risk exposure to the st

12、ated aims of the venture and riskmanagement during the venture;c) increased information for the participant and on the participantsresponsibilities in safety management, given in the new 5.6 on informedconsent and an updated Annex B;d) an increased applicability of the standard for individual placem

13、ents and loneworkers by the introduction of the new 5.1.5 and by providing a newdefinition of “remote supervision” (see 2.17.3);e) the introduction of the definition of “subject matter expert” (formerly“technical advisor”) and the inclusion of competence assessment criteria forventure activity speci

14、alists where participants are under 18 years old andunaccompanied by their parent or legal guardian;f) revisions to the clauses on venture continuity and supervision have resultedin the definitions of “down time” and “personal time” being redundant;g) streamlining of the clause on claims of conformi

15、ty has resulted in theremoval of partial conformity and the descriptions of the types ofconformity testing, which are now covered informatively in Annex A.The websites referred to in this British Standard were last viewed on26 March 2014.Use of this documentIt has been assumed in the preparation of

16、this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrequirements are expressed in sent

17、ences in which the principal auxiliary verb is“shall”. The user needs to satisfy all the requirements in order to be able toclaim compliance with the standard.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.BRIT

18、ISH STANDARD BS 8848:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 iiiContractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity

19、from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8848:2014iv The British Standards Institution 2014Introduction0.1 GeneralBS 8848 provides a specification for organizing and managing visits, fieldwork,expeditions and adventurous activities outside the United Kingdom. BS 8848reflects good practice for the pr

20、ovision of an overseas venture, and can also beused for any element of the venture that takes places in the UK, for example,pre-venture training.The aim is to set out in clear, unambiguous language the actions and associatedresponsibilities essential to the provision of a venture.BS 8848 has as an u

21、nderlying principle that the organization claiming conformitywith the standard for a venture is accountable for all elements of that venture.This includes any elements contracted to a third party provider, such asaccommodation and travel.BS 8848 sets out what is required if the standard is to be met

22、. It does notexplain how to conform to the standard and, as such, does not issue guidance. Itleaves guidance to organizations in the private or voluntary sector and to publicsector employers such as local authorities.BS 8848 specifies operational requirements for providers of a broad range ofventure

23、s, including: voluntary, educational and charitable sectors of provision, as well ascommercial providers of ventures; university and academic fieldwork, gap year and volunteering experiences,school visits, charity challenges and research expeditions; adventure holidays and treks; those organized for

24、 young people and mature adults, whether in groups orventuring as individuals.BS 8848 can be used to help venture providers develop internal procedures andprocesses, benchmark existing practices, and as a checklist to verify a venturesreadiness.0.2 Applicability of the standardThis British Standard

25、can be applied by any organization, group or individualseeking to verify that a venture is planned and organized to achieve its purpose,and has a safety management system in place that is proportionate to the levelof risk likely to be present in the venture and to the capabilities and experienceof t

26、he participants and the leadership team.Examples of venture providers, ventures, participants and environments to whichthis standard is applicable are shown in Table 1. This list should not be regardedas exhaustive. No types of venture taking place overseas are likely to beexcluded from the standard

27、0.3 Fundamental principlesThe underlying principle of this standard is that the organization (i.e. theventure provider) is accountable for all aspects, including safety, of a ventureprovided either on a voluntary basis or in return for payment. Responsibility forproviding constituent elements can be

28、 delegated or outsourced butaccountability for ensuring conformity with this standard remains with theventure provider. Additional guidance on the use of BS 8848 by ventureproviders is given in Annex A.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8848:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 1For operational management t

29、o be effective it is important that the ventureprovider identifies the competencies of the leaders and participants needed tomanage the risks and deliver the venture safely while meeting its purpose. Itfollows that the venture provider recruits people with relevant experienceand/or qualifications to

30、 create a competent leadership team.The standard is based on suitable, sufficient and proportional risk assessment.Focusing on risk management enables the standard to be applied to a range ofactivities, environments and groups, as well as informing the ongoing dynamicrisk management.A significant as

31、pect of the standard in relation to participants and stakeholdersis that of “informed consent”. The venture provider should ensure thatparticipants are enabled to choose what risks they are prepared to accept andinform participants of the risks present in a venture and what is to be done tomanage th

32、em. Consent is not a one-way process and, in return, the ventureprovider should expect participants to commit to “reasonable behaviour” as acontribution to keeping themselves and others safe. Additional guidance on theuse of this standard from a participants perspective is given in Annex B.Table 1 E

33、xamples of applicability of the standardVenture providers Ventures Educational establishments in thefurther and higher sectors Schools and youth educationsector Commercial organizations Sole traders Voluntary and charityorganizations Youth organizations Local education departments andother school em

34、ployers Travel providers and touroperators Adventurous activities Fieldwork Expeditions Charity challenges Educational visits Placements (e.g. by universities ororganizations) Volunteer placements Cultural exchanges Gap year activitiesParticipants in a venture Types of environment Groups Individuals

35、 Students Children Adults Vulnerable adults Temperate Tropical Mountain and high altitude Polar Aquatic (including marine) Desert Underground Urban Rural Remote regionsBRITISH STANDARDBS 8848:20142 The British Standards Institution 20141 ScopeThis British Standard specifies requirements for the prov

36、ision of visits, fieldwork,expeditions and adventurous activities undertaken for educational, research,training or recreational purposes outside the United Kingdom.It applies to ventures:a) where the hazards are such that, without consideration by competentpeople, the level of risk would be signific

37、ant;b) at any location, including challenging terrain, remote regions, climaticextremes or where unfamiliar cultural experiences or health hazards can beexpected;c) organized for groups or individuals;d) planned, managed and evaluated by organizations, including commercialcompanies, educational esta

38、blishments, voluntary or charitableorganizations and independent groups or individuals.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply.2.1 adventurous activityactivity that involves an inherent or deliberate element of risk, challenge oradventure and

39、 requires specialist skills for its safe delivery2.2 competent personperson who has the combination of training, skills, experience and knowledgeand ability to apply them to perform a task safely and effectively2.3 dynamic risk assessmentassessment of newly identified and changes in previously ident

40、ified risksthroughout the venture, and the modification of management arrangementsaccordinglyNOTE The dynamic risk assessment is not generally written down.2.4 emergencyserious situation requiring immediate action2.5 home representativeventure providers point of contact in the home country of the pr

41、ovider2.6 in-country representativeindividual or organization that acts in support of the venture provider in thecountry where the venture is taking place2.7 incidentunplanned occurrence, including accidents, with the potential to cause harm ora significant change of plan2.8 individual placementvent

42、ure where a participant is unaccompanied and, by arrangement with theventure provider, undertakes the role of venture leader and participant incombinationNOTE Can also be known as a “lone worker”.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8848:2014 The British Standards Institution 2014 32.9 leadermember of the leadership

43、 team, reporting to the venture leader, and to whomresponsibility for a particular group of participants and/or activity may beassignedNOTE A leader could also be a venture activity specialist (see 2.22).2.10 leadership teamteam that includes the venture leader, any other leaders and venture activit

44、yspecialists, approved by the venture provider to deliver the ventureNOTE It is recognized that many ventures may be run by the venture leader only, inwhich case there would be a leadership team consisting of one person, with theventure leader fulfilling the requirements of both the leader and leade

45、rship team.2.11 level of difficultyindication of the physical, psychological and emotional difficulty expected to beencountered whilst participating in a venture, based on factors such as technicalability required, terrain, altitude or climate2.12 participantperson taking part in the venture but not

46、 a member of the leadership team2.13 remote regionplace where access is difficultNOTE The factors to be considered when trying to establish if a place is remoteinclude communication, medical issues, rescue availability, accessibility, environmentalhazards and time to access assistance.2.14 risk asse

47、ssment and management systemsystem by which all aspects of the venture are assessed and managed with theaim of ensuring the safety and well-being of all on the venture or others whocould be adversely affected by the venture2.15 stakeholderperson or organization with a direct interest in the venture

48、as defined by theventure providerNOTE See 5.3 for further information on stakeholders.2.16 subject matter expertperson having a higher level of practical experience and competence thanrequired for the activity alone (see also 2.22), which might include a goodknowledge of comparable locations, access

49、 to, or knowledge of, the ventureleader to be deployed, and personal qualities to make informed judgments2.17 supervision2.17.1 direct supervisionwhere a nominated person responsible for managing participants during all orpart of the venture is able to intervene immediatelyNOTE 1 The term “immediately” is situation-specific, where there is an ability tointervene and directly influence the outcome of a participants actions, but in allcases would assume collocation.NOTE 2 Normally a member of the leadership team, except in th