BS 8583-2015 Biodiversity Guidance for businesses on managing the risks and opportunities《生物多样性 风险和机遇管理业务指南》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8583:2015Biodiversity Guidance forbusinesses on managing therisks and opportunitiesPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015Published by BSI St

2、andards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 82959 8ICS 13.020.01; 91.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference BDY/1Draft for comment 14/30282814 DCPublication historyFirst published February 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8583:2015 B

3、RITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 23 Biodiversity and its relevance to business 44 Incorporation of biodiversity into land and premises managementsystems 95 Delivering biodiversity benefits through management of day-to-dayoperations 156 Enhancing consid

4、eration of biodiversity in supply chain managementsystems 28AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Conservation organizations 41Annex B (informative) Illustrative examples of potential biodiversity risks andopportunities associated with a range of business sectors 42Annex C (informative) Wildlife sites in the

5、 UK and policy initiatives to conservebiodiversity 48Annex D (informative) Examples of biodiversity enhancements that could bedelivered through facilities and premises management 52Annex E (informative) Case studies 59Annex F (informative) Examples of biodiversity-related guidance produced for arang

6、e of business typologies and sectors 67Annex G Further sources of information related to supply chainmanagement 70Bibliography 72List of figuresFigure 1 Guidance on use of BS 8583 2Figure 2 Examples of possible biodiversity benefits and enhancementmeasures 17Figure 3 The planning cycle 19List of tab

7、lesTable B.1 Examples of potential risks to and opportunities to benefitbiodiversity Food, drink and horticultural production businesses 43Table B.2 Examples of potential risks to and opportunities to benefitbiodiversity Extractive businesses 44Table B.3 Example of potential risks to and opportuniti

8、es to benefitbiodiversity Utility companies 44Table B.4 Example of potential risks to and opportunities to benefitbiodiversity Environmental businesses 45Table B.5 Examples of potential risks to and opportunities to benefitbiodiversity Manufacturing businesses 46Table B.6 Examples of potential risks

9、 to and opportunities to benefitbiodiversity Development and construction businesses 46Table B.7 Examples of potential risks to and opportunities to benefitbiodiversity Transport operation businesses 47Table B.8 Examples of potential risks to and opportunities to benefitbiodiversity Retail and servi

10、ce focused businesses 47Table F.1 Examples of biodiversity related guidance 67Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 78, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8583:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iForewor

11、dPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 28 February 2015. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee BDY/1, Biodiversity management. A list oforganizations represented on this committe

12、e can be obtained on request to itssecretary.Use of this documentAs a guide, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a codeof practice and claims of compliance cannot be made to it.Presentational conventionsThe gui

13、dance in this standard is presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Anyrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Co

14、ntractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8583:2015ii The British Stand

15、ards Institution 2015IntroductionThe sustainability of a business depends on the natural resources that support it,many of which are underpinned, directly or indirectly, by biodiversity (thevariety of life on earth, i.e. the different animals, plants and micro-organisms,their genes and the ecosystem

16、s of which they are part).Biodiversity in the UK and globally faces a wide range of threats, which canpresent challenges to businesses, for example in ensuring the security of theirsupply chains. However, there are also many opportunities for businesses toenhance biodiversity which can, in turn, ben

17、efit them, for example by enhancingtheir reputation. Early consideration of biodiversity can bring unforeseenbusiness rewards.There are already guides in existence that address mechanisms for indirectlybenefiting biodiversity such as by addressing climate change and carbonemissions. There are also n

18、umerous guides specifically directed towardsdevelopment or redevelopment of land and the steps that have to beundertaken to protect and, where possible, enhance biodiversity as a result ofnew developments and planning permissions.This British Standard, however, aims to give guidance to businesses of

19、 all typesand sizes on how they can incorporate biodiversity considerations into theirday-to-day management systems to protect and enhance biodiversity throughtheir regular operations in a way that contributes to business continuity.1 ScopeThis British Standard gives guidance for businesses on manag

20、ing business risksand realizing opportunities in relation to biodiversity. It provides advice forbusinesses on how to co-exist with biodiversity in a mutually beneficial way,which can constitute one of the environmental aspects identified in theirenvironmental management system, or can be addressed

21、within their widermanagement systems or processes.The standard gives guidance on biodiversity in relation to the following threeareas: management of premises and facilities; management of day-to-day business operations; management of the supply chain.The standard is applicable to businesses of all t

22、ypes and sizes. It is primarilyintended for UK businesses, including those with an international supply chain,but can also be used by businesses outside the UK.The standard sets out a four-step process for businesses to follow to enablethem to make biodiversity improvements.The standard does not giv

23、e detailed advice regarding protected species and sitesand it does not give detailed guidance on the information that has to beprovided in a planning application. The standard also does not give detailedguidance for businesses heavily involved in land management or development,although some guidance

24、 is given in Clause 4.NOTE 1 Detailed information on biodiversity in relation to planning applications isgiven in BS 42020.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8583:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 1NOTE 2 It is recognized that, for many businesses (e.g. retail and wholesale), theirsupply-chain might be t

25、he only aspect of normal business operations that couldaffect biodiversity. For these businesses, Clause 5 on incorporation of biodiversityconsiderations into management of standard operations is likely to be of lessrelevance than it might be for other types of business such as those concerned withf

26、inancial investment, property/development, engineering and construction or rail.Clause 4 on incorporation of biodiversity into land and premises managementsystems, is likely to be of relevance to any business that operates from premises andthis Clause also provides advice on landscape-scale biodiver

27、sity improvements thatcan be delivered by businesses in partnership with other organizations.NOTE 3 A list of conservation organizations is given in Annex A.A flow chart giving guidance on the use of the standard is given in Figure 1.Figure 1 Guidance on use of BS 85832 Terms and definitionsFor the

28、purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.2.1 biodiversityvariability among living organisms, including terrestrial, marine and otheraquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are a partSOURCE: UN Convention on biological diversity 1, modifiedNOTE Thi

29、s includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8583:20152 The British Standards Institution 20152.2 biodiversity action planplan setting out how a country, business, operation or organization intends toact to preserve and enhance biodiversityNOTE In the UK

30、many local authorities or counties have produced biodiversityaction plans, as have a number of businesses.2.3 biodiversity auditassessment of the effectiveness of the actions set out in the biodiversity actionplan in reducing the impact of the business on biodiversity2.4 biodiversity reviewassessmen

31、t and measurement of the impact the business has on biodiversity andthe steps it could take to reduce its impact and enhance biodiversity2.5 ecologistperson who has relevant training, skills and experience to undertake surveys of,and provide advice regarding, habitats, species and the environment2.6

32、 ecosystemnatural system consisting of all interacting plants, animals and other organismsand all the physical factors in the environment2.7 ecosystem servicesbenefits to people, including businesses, provided by ecosystemsUN Millennium ecosystem assessment 2005 2 , modified2.8 ecological impact ass

33、essmentprocess of identifying, quantifying and evaluating the potential impacts ofdefined actions on ecosystems or their components, and usually performed asone element of environmental impact assessmentSOURCE: BS 42020:2013, 3.112.9 environmental management systempart of the management system used

34、to manage environmental aspects,conform to compliance obligations and address risk associated with threats andopportunitiesSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2004, 3.82.10 habitatnatural home or environment of an animal, plant or other living organism2.11 hard estatethose parts of an organizations landholdings

35、 which are not vegetated, such asbuildings and paved ground2.12 high conservation value area (HCVA)natural area with environmental, socioeconomic, biodiversity or landscape valueNOTE This is an internationally recognized term.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8583:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 32.13

36、 invasive speciesplants or animals, which can be native species but are often non-native to theUK, which have adverse impacts on the environmentEXAMPLE Invasive species can be poisonous, affect water flows orphysically damage buildings, infrastructure, waterways or other speciesof commercial or natu

37、ral interest.NOTE Many (although not all) invasive species are listed in Schedule 9 of theWildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) 3.2.14 natural capitalelements of nature that produce value (directly and indirectly) to people, such asthe stock of forests, rivers, land, minerals and oceansNOTE

38、 Natural capital underpins all other types of capital (man-made, human andsocial) and is the foundation on which our economy, society and prosperity is built.2.15 soft estatethose parts of an organizations landholdings which are vegetated, such as apond or meadow2.16 speciesgroup of living organisms

39、 consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanginggenes or interbreeding2.17 sustainabilityachievement of an enduring social, environmental and economic balance2.18 sustainable sourcingsourcing materials or services in a way that achieves an enduring social,environmental and economic balance3

40、Biodiversity and its relevance to business3.1 Biodiversity backgroundBiodiversity underpins the functioning of ecosystems which are complex anddynamic assemblies of the living environment (e.g. plants, animals, microscopiccommunities) and the non-living environment (e.g. soil, air, water). Very ofte

41、n,the more diverse an ecosystem, the more resilient it is and the more services itcan provide. If an ecosystem is altered or reduced (i.e. by altering its biodiversitycomponents) then the dynamic of this ecosystem will be changed and theservices it provides can be changed or cease altogether. As suc

42、h, ecosystemservices are considered in this standard as part of the services offered bybiodiversity (see Box 1), however the valuation of ecosystem services (or naturalcapital evaluation) is not covered.Several studies were conducted worldwide to assess trends in biodiversity andecosystem services.

43、The results showed that: the majority of ecosystem services have been degraded whilst the pressureshumans place on them have increased (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment2 2005 and TEEB 2010 4); and, it is estimated that the cost of this loss is likely to be 7% of the world grossdomestic product (GDP)

44、by 2015 (ACCA, Fauna and Flora international, andKPMG 2012 5).BRITISH STANDARDBS 8583:20154 The British Standards Institution 2015The UK is a signatory of the Convention of Biodiversity and following therecommendations of the Lawton report 6, the government published theNatural Environment White Pap

45、er 7 and Biodiversity 2020 8.Biodiversity 2020 sets out how European and national biodiversity commitmentwill be implemented.Conservation of biodiversity not only requires the protection and enhancementof scarce species and habitats, but also those more common habitats andspecies, in order to mainta

46、in the delivery of ecosystem services. A business thatmaximizes the extent to which it safeguards biodiversity resources in the presentis likely to be more resilient to future changes.Box 1: Ecosystem services and natural capital evaluationThe following environmental evaluation tools are of particul

47、ar businessrelevance in relation to ecosystem services. The methods and tools required toallow businesses to adopt natural capital accounting and to develop Paymentsfor Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes are still developing, although progress isbeing made.Natural capital accounting. Tools are current

48、ly being developed that allowgovernments and businesses to measure both stocks of natural capital (e.g.areas of woodland) and the flows from that capital (e.g. the ecosystemservices obtained from woodlands) and how their actions can affect thesestocks and flows positively or negatively. Natural capi

49、tal accounting can helpsecure business operations by increasing their short and long termsustainability and reduce future risks to supply chains. If properly measuredand managed the living aspects of natural capital can continue to provideecosystem services and benefits indefinitely.Payments for ecosystem services. The basic idea behind PES schemes is thatthose who provide ecosystem services should be paid for doing so, just as ifthey were being paid for any other service. PES schemes involve payme