BS 8000-1-1989 Workmanship on building sites - Code of practice for excavation and filling《建筑工地操作工艺 第1部分 挖掘和填塞实用规程》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS8000-1: 1989 Workmanship on building sites Part1: Code of practice for excavation and filling CAWS D20 UDC 69.05 +624.134.135:658.562.3BS8000-1:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Council for Building and Civil Engineering,was published unde

2、rthe authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 October1989 BSI12-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/146 Draft for comment85/10611 DC ISBN0580176606 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this Briti

3、sh Standard was entrusted by the Council for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/146, upon which the following bodies were represented: Building Employers Confederation Chartered Institute of Building Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Building

4、Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Federation of Associations of Specialists and Sub-Contractors Institute of Clerks of Works of Great Britain Inc Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers National Building Specification Ltd. Nat

5、ional Council of Building Materials Producers National House Building Council Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Society of Chief Architects of Local Authorities Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS8000-1:1989 BSI 12-1998 i Contents

6、 Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 References 1 1.3 Definitions 1 Section 2. Materials and preparation 2.1 Checking materials and equipment 2 2.2 Preparation of work 2 Section 3. Excavating and filling 3.1 General 3 3.2 Obstructions 3 3.3 E

7、xcavating 4 3.4 Filling 7 Index 8 Figure 1 Battered trench 4 Figure 2 Trench with benches 5 Figure 3 Spoil heaps and edges of excavations 6 Figure 4 Barriers for vehicles 6 Table 1 Guidance on steepest angles of batter for different soils 5 List of references Inside back coverBS8000-1:1989 ii BSI 12

8、-1998 Foreword This Part of BS8000 has been prepared under the direction of the Council for Building and Civil Engineering. It makes recommendations and gives guidance on basic workmanship for conventional types of building work. The recommendations given are not necessarily comprehensive; particula

9、r project documents, e.g. project specifications, may need to cover particular recommendations not dealt with by this code of practice. This code of practice is unique in that unlike other British Standards, it draws together recommendations given in other codes of practice. The purpose of this code

10、 of practice is to encourage good workmanship by providing the following: a) the most frequently required recommendations on workmanship for building work in a readily available and convenient form to those working on site; b) assistance in the efficient preparation and administration of contracts;

11、c) recommendations on how designers requirements for workmanship may be satisfactorily realized; d) definitions of good practice on building sites for supervision and for training purposes; this guidance is not intended to supplant the normal training in craft skills; e) a reference for quality of w

12、orkmanship on building sites. It is recognized that design, procurement and project information should be conducive to good workmanship on site. During the preparation of this code of practice the Building Industrys Co-ordinating Committee for Project Information (CCPI), produced a Common Arrangemen

13、t of Work Sections (CAWS) for building work. This code of practice has generally been arranged in accordance with the Common Arrangement so that it can be used easily with project specifications and bills of quantities using this arrangement. Other major documents are being restructured in accordanc

14、e with the Common Arrangement. NOTEThe CCPI was sponsored by the Association of Consulting Engineers, the Building Employers Confederation, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and the Royal Institute of British Architects. When complete BS8000 will comprise the following Parts. Part1: Code

15、of practice for excavation and filling; Part2: Code of practice for concrete work; Part3: Code of practice for masonry; Part4: Code of practice for waterproofing; Part5: Code of practice for carpentry, joinery and general fixings; Part6: Code of practice for roof, slate, tile covering and cladding;

16、Part7: Code of practice for glazing; Part8: Code of practice for plasterboard partitions and dry linings; Part9: Code of practice for cement/sand floor screeds and concrete floor toppings; Part10: Code of practice for plastering and rendering; Part11: Code of practice for wall and floor tiling; Part

17、12: Code of practice for decorative wallcoverings and painting; Part13: Code of practice for above ground drainage and sanitary appliances; Part14: Code of practice for below ground drainage; Part15: Code of practice for hot and cold water services (domestic scale).BS8000-1:1989 BSI 12-1998 iii Tech

18、nical Committee CSB/3, Earthworks, has also participated in the preparation of this Part of BS8000 and the content is based on and consistent with that of BS6031. However, BS6031 covers the subject matter more comprehensively and includes design, materials and other related aspects in addition to wo

19、rkmanship on site. The text of this Part of BS8000 includes commentaries and figures. These commentaries are separately identified and are intended to be for guidance only and do not form part of the recommendations. They refer, unless otherwise stated, to the clause which immediately precedes each

20、commentary. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This documen

21、t comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankBS8000-1:19

22、89 BSI 12-1998 1 Section 1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS8000 gives recommendations on basic workmanship on building sites and covers those tasks which are frequently carried out in relation to excavating and filling. This code of practice does not cover civil engineering works for whi

23、ch reference should be made to BS6031. NOTEThis code of practice includes supplementary elements in the form of commentaries to assist in its use and understanding. Compliance with the commentaries is not necessary in order to be able to claim conformity with the standard. 1.2 References 1.2.1 Norma

24、tive references This Part of BS8000 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any

25、 of these publications apply to this Part of BS8000 only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. 1.2.2 Informative references This Part of BS8000 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard

26、are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 1.3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS8000, the definitions given in BS6031:1981, BS6100-1.0:1984 and BS6100-2.2.2 1)apply. 1) In preparationBS8000-1:1989 2 BSI 12-1998 Section 2 Section 2. Materia

27、ls and preparation 2.1 Checking materials and equipment Check delivery tickets and certificates against the specification and examine marks, labels and the condition of materials and equipment. If necessary refer to the supplier immediately. Check quantities as soon as possible so that work is not d

28、elayed by shortages. In particular check that: a) safety barriers, screens and other equipment for guarding the works are suitable for the site circumstances; b) materials and equipment for supporting the excavations are in good order, well maintained and in safe working condition. 2.2 Preparation o

29、f work 2.2.1 General 2.2.1.1 Liaison. Liaise and cooperate with the appropriate authorities, and with owners and occupiers of adjoining land or buildings likely to be affected by the works. Where it is necessary to make use of adjoining property, check that permission from the owners has been obtain

30、ed. Clear away and make good any damage. Do not trespass on adjoining property. 2.2.1.2 Existing drains and services. Locate the positions and levels of existing drains and services indicated on the drawings before sitework commences; seek instructions on the method for dealing with those which are

31、likely to be affected (see also3.2.6). 2.2.1.3 Cables, pipes and services. Mark the location of all underground cables and pipes with sign boards, indicating their type, e.g. water, gas, electricity, telephone, cable TV, and their depth. Where any overhead cables, etc., restrict headroom for site pl

32、ant, install headroom indicators. 2.2.2 Site clearance 2.2.2.1 Surface vegetation clearance. Cut and clear away long grass, weeds, branches, saplings, etc.; grub up stumps and major root runs without unduly disturbing topsoil. COMMENTARY. Removal of vegetation is not to be regarded as routine. On cl

33、ay slopes, the reinforcing effects of roots and the suction of water from the clay by plants may have a vital stabilizing effect. Removal of all vegetation could result in instability of the slope. 2.2.2.2 Stripping and stockpiling topsoil. Strip topsoil to a depth of not less than150mm from areas t

34、o be regraded or to be occupied by buildings, pavings and roads. Either remove the stripped topsoil from the site or stockpile it in temporary spoil heaps not exceeding1500mm high as directed. Keep stockpiles separate from other materials and prevent them from becoming: a) compacted; b) adulterated

35、with subsoil, rubbish, stone or hardcore; c) contaminated by petrol, oil, lime, cement or other injurous substances; d) buried. 2.2.2.3 Disposal of rubbish and spoil. Tip rubbish and spoil only on tips controlled or recognized by the Local Authority and that comply strictly with any regulation gover

36、ning the controlled tipping of refuse. 2.2.2.4 Burning on site. Where permitted burn unwanted timber and combustible materials on site, ensuring such burning is safe and appropriate to the site conditions and environment. Locate fires so that no damage is caused to the spread of any tree or shrub to

37、 be retained. COMMENTARY. A minimum distance of10m from retained trees is normally adequate. 2.2.3 Protection and preservation 2.2.3.1 General. Before excavation commences check that the site is securely protected against unauthorized access by the provision of adequate barriers, lighting and signs.

38、 2.2.3.2 Trees and planting to be retained. Before commencing site clearance identify and mark throughout the works, plants, trees, shrubs, hedges, areas of shrub, etc., to be retained, protected and preserved. Do not cut, lop or sever roots of shrubs and trees to be retained unless otherwise direct

39、ed. 2.2.3.3 Drains a) Protect drains, manholes, gullies, etc., from damage. b) Keep drain lines clear of debris at all times. c) Where drains are uncovered during excavations, backfill around them with selected fill material as specified and compact with care around the pipes. 2.2.3.4 Bench marks. R

40、eport any bench marks and other established survey information found on areas to be cleared. Do not remove or destroy them unless instructed to do so.BS8000-1:1989 BSI 12-1998 3 Section 3 Section 3. Excavating and filling 3.1 General 3.1.1 Site care Take all practical steps during site operations. a

41、) Do not carry out excavations which could undermine or affect the stability of adjoining property, buildings, services and pavings. Where such excavation cannot be avoided ensure that adequate protection and support is provided and has been approved by the owner. b) Minimize noise, vibration, dust

42、and other pollution which causes nuisance and damage. c) Make safe provision for pedestrian and vehicular traffic when working in or near public highways. d) Check, adequately maintain and vary as necessary all barriers, lighting and signs provided for the prevention of unauthorized access and the s

43、afety of the public and site staff. COMMENTARY. A site survey and ground investigation may not provide complete data. Prudence in carrying out excavations is essential in order to avoid injury to people and damage to property. 3.1.2 Keeping excavations free of water Provide temporary gradients, wate

44、r courses, ditches, drains, pumping or other means for the rapid disposal of water flowing on to the area of work during excavation and filling. Ensure that: a) when pumping, excavated faces are not disturbed; b) the disposal of pumped water does not affect the stability of other parts of the site o

45、r adjoining property by flooding; c) any sumps for water collection are constructed clear of the excavations and filled in on completion of the works; d) permanent drains are not used for the disposal of water from the excavations unless otherwise directed. COMMENTARY. The Construction Industry Rese

46、arch and Information Association Report113 1 gives guidance on techniques of dewatering for various circumstances. When pumping in granular soils, particular care is necessary to avoid extracting the fine particles. 3.1.3 Plant and transport Use only equipment which is: a) of suitable type for the l

47、ocation and type of work; b) in the charge of a competent operator; c) maintained in good working condition. COMMENTARY. Plant left unattended should be properly immobilized to prevent unauthorized use or tampering. The correct and up-to-date documentation required by statute for each item of plant

48、is to be made available. 3.2 Obstructions 3.2.1 Underground voids and tanks Report any underground chambers, vaults, wells, etc. Do not enter or disturb them until checks have been completed and instructions given. COMMENTARY. Special care is needed when working in made-up ground on domestic waste a

49、nd building debris tips, on the site of previous industrial activity or in peat-bearing soils. In any of these cases dangerous chemicals and/or gases, e.g.methane, may be present in the soil. 3.2.2 Waterways Temporarily divert, as necessary, ditches, field drains and other waterways encountered during excavations; reinstate them to approval on completion. Do not fill in existing ditches until diversion ditches have been excavated. COMMENTARY. The diversion of waterways can only take place after approval by the statutory body conce