BS 7293-1990 Method of test for equipment for distributing granulated pesticides or herbicides《粒状农药或除莠剂分配设备试验方法》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7293:1990 ISO8524:1986 Methods of test for Equipment for distributing granulated pesticides or herbicidesBS7293:1990 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Agricultural Machinery and implements Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the author

2、ityof the Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 30June1990 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference AGE/32 Draft for comment85/75846DC ISBN 0 580 18294 0 Committees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard wa

3、s entrusted by the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee (AGE/-) to Technical Committee AGE/32, upon which the following bodies were represented: AFRC Institute of Engineering Research Agricultural and Allied Workers National Trade Group Agricultural Engineers Association

4、British Fluid Power Association Department of Transport Fertiliser Manufacturers Association Ltd. Health and Safety Executive Local Authority Organizations Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Silsoe College Ukf Fertilizers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. D

5、ate CommentsBS7293:1990 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 Reference 1 3 Definitions 1 4 General test conditions 1 5 Mandatory tests 2 6 Test procedure 4 7 Test results 4 8 Test report 5 Ann

6、ex A Programming of mandatory tests 6 Annex B Optional tests 7 Annex C Example of a test report on equipment for distributing granulatedpesticides or herbicides 9 Figure 1 Box arrangement for broadcast application 3 Figure 2 Effect of speed and adjustment of application rate on flow rate 14 Table 1

7、Mandatory tests 6 Table 2 Slope test 8 Table 3 Granule characteristics 11 Table 4 Test nos100 to108 13 Table 5 Test nos110 to118 15 Table 6 Test nos201 to204 16 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS7293:1990 ii BSI 12-1999 National foreword This BritishStandard has been prepared under the dir

8、ection of the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee and implements agreements of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is identical with ISO8524:1986 “Equipment for distributing granulated pesticides or herbicides Test method”. A British Standard doe

9、s not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference International Standard Corresponding BritishSta

10、ndard ISO3534:1977 BS5532 Statistical terminology Part1:1978 Glossary of terms relating to probability and general terms relating to statistics (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to16, an inside back cover and a back cover.

11、 This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS7293:1990 BSI 12-1999 1 0 Introduction The aim of this International Standard is to harmonize testing of equipment for distributing

12、 granulated pesticides or herbicides, by means of standardized tests which are reproducible, allowing comparable results in figures and graph form to be obtained. The tests assess the effects of the type of granulated pesticides or herbicides, the level of granules in the hopper, the application rat

13、e setting and the forward speed, on flow rate, evenness of flow rate and evenness of distribution. Optional tests (seeAnnex B) can complete the assessment. NOTEThese tests may be combined with tests on the basic machine to which the distributor is linked. In such cases, the test refers to this combi

14、nation. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies a laboratory test method for granulated pesticide or herbicide distributors, including distributors for attachment to a basic machine. 2 Reference ISO3534, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols. 3 Definitions For the purposes

15、 of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 granule pesticides or herbicides (granules) plant protection product in granule form, for example made up of an active and a carrying material, with particle size of between0,15 and2,00mm 3.2 granule distributors equipment for dis

16、tributing the granulated product defined under3.1, over a wide area, in rows, bands or at individual spots 3.3 basic machine implement (e.g.single seed drill) to which additional accessories (e.g.granule distributor) are fitted 3.4 feed mechanism (of granules) mechanism which takes the granules from

17、 a hopper to transfer them at a constant predetermined flow rate onto the ground (e.g.broadcast or in a band) or into the soil (e.g.into a drill via a feed pipe) 3.5 flow rate (of granules) quantity of granules distributed, expressed in mass or volume, per unit of time 3.6 application rate (of granu

18、les) quantity of granules distributed, expressed in mass or volume, per unit of length or surface, or per spot 3.7 hopper capacity total of granules which the hopper is designed to contain the top surface of the material shall be horizontal. Ifthere is no full mark or statement in the manufacturers

19、instructions, the hopper shall be filled to a level2cm below the lowest top edge 4 General test conditions 4.1 Granule distributor 4.1.1 Selection The distributor to undergo testing may be selected by the representative of the test office in agreement with the manufacturer. It shall be either a comp

20、lete multi-row unit or three individual units with all accessories. The distributor shall conform strictly in all respects to the specifications which the manufacturer is required to send to the test offices in writing. The test report (seeAnnex C) shall specify how the distributor for testing was c

21、hosen. Should the test on the distributor be combined with a basic machine, the distributor chosen will be that attached to the basic machine. The manufacturer or his representative shall be entitled to be present at the tests.BS7293:1990 2 BSI 12-1999 4.1.2 Manufacturers instructions 1) The distrib

22、utor shall be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions which shall include, among other things: a) range of working speeds, in kilometres perhour; b) type of feed mechanism and types of granules (if the device includes several interchangeable mechanisms) which can be distributed by eac

23、h model; c) types of granules which the distributor can distribute; d) accessories required for distributing certain types of granules; e) minimum and maximum flow rates of the emptying device of each feed mechanism for each granule; f) if the basic machine is fitted with pneumatic tyres, the inflat

24、ion pressure, in bars. 2) 4.1.3 Checking of specifications The relevant technical characteristics supplied by the manufacturer shall be checked and noted in the test report. When comparing laboratory test results with application rate and flow rate data supplied by the manufacturer, it should be not

25、ed that manufacturers data may have been adjusted for wheel slippage. 4.2 Granules 4.2.1 Types Tests shall be carried out with up to three different granular materials indicated by the manufacturer of the distributor. If, for safety reasons, the test has to be carried out with simulated granulated p

26、roducts, not more than three of the following types should be used: a) Pumice stone (common quality): poor flow qualities, rough, coarse, hard; bulk density: approximately0,4g/cm 3 ; granule size:1,0 to1,6mm for more than85% of the mass. b) Quartz: good flow Qualities, round, fine grained, hard, hea

27、vy; bulk density: approximately1,4g/cm 3 ; granule size:0,5 to1,0mm for more than85% of the mass. c) Calcite: wide distribution of granule size, heavy, soft; bulk density: approximately1,4g/cm 3 ; granule size:0,4 to1,0mm for more than85% of the mass. d) Gypsum: good flow qualities, round, soft; bul

28、k density: approximately0,9g/cm 3 ; granule size:0,4 to0,9mm for more than85% of the mass. e) Any other granulated product which the test office and manufacturer considers of sufficient importance and the physical properties of which differ from the products indicated above. The granulated products

29、used shall be listed in the test report. 4.2.2 Physical characteristics The following physical characteristics of the granules used in the test shall be determined: particle size distribution, bulk density, water content, slope angle. The type of simulated product, if appropriate, shall also be stat

30、ed. 4.3 Ambient conditions Atmospheric humidity and temperature at the time of the test shall be noted in the test report. 5 Mandatory tests 3) 5.1 Nature of tests (seeAnnex A) These tests shall allow determination of the evenness of the flow rate and of distribution and will include both static and

31、 mobile measurements. 5.1.1 Static tests With the distributor stationary, the drive wheel, if itexists, shall rest on the drive mechanism. The drive wheel or any other power input shall be driven at a speed equal to that which it would have for actual work, i.e.at the theoretical forward speed of th

32、e distributor travelling without slipping. 5.1.2 Mobile tests The distributor shall be driven at a constant speed over a hard, uniform surface. 1) These instructions shall be attached to the test report. 2) 1bar=10 5 Pa=100kPa (exactly). 3) For the optional tests, seeAnnex B.BS7293:1990 BSI 12-1999

33、3 5.2 Distance between the feed mechanism and the surface Care shall be taken that the outlet of the mechanism is placed at the same average distance from the surface (collecting boxes) as in actual working conditions. 5.3 Types of tests 5.3.1 Evenness of flow rate The test shall be carried out with

34、 the machine stationary, with at least three feed mechanisms to compare their flow rates. The granules shall be collected in boxes placed under the feed mechanism or, for example, under the pipes or fishtails, where fitted. NOTEAir-assisted distributors need not have three feed mechanisms. 5.3.2 Eve

35、nness of distribution 5.3.2.1 Test conditions The test shall be carried out on a moving machine with at least three feed mechanisms. The granules shall be collected in boxes placed on the ground. The collecting boxes shall have external dimensions of approximately100mm 100mm and a depth of approxima

36、tely30mm. The boxes shall be of anti-static material and provision shall be made to avoid loss through rebounding. Sloping walls allow the granules to empty into a weighing bowl, while preventing foreign bodies from falling into the bowl. Cardboard boxes covered in plastic have proved satisfactory.

37、Ensure that only the feed mechanisms under test direct their flow into the boxes, flow from the other feed mechanisms being deflected but not stopped, which could influence the discharge. NOTEAir-assisted distributors need not have three feed mechanisms. 5.3.2.2 Arrangement of boxes 5.3.2.2.1 Arrang

38、ement of boxes for spot distribution Thirty collecting boxes shall be placed at each spot where the granules are to be dropped in the direction of travel. The number of boxes (or arrangement of boxes) per spot shall be chosen in accordance with the area of a spot. NOTETo calculate n (see7.2.1), boxe

39、s at crossings shall be counted twice. Figure 1 Box arrangement for broadcast applicationBS7293:1990 4 BSI 12-1999 5.3.2.2.2 Arrangement of boxes for row application Fifty collecting boxes shall be placed successively in a row in the direction of travel. 5.3.2.2.3 Arrangement of boxes for band appli

40、cation Fifty collecting boxes (or a set of boxes) shall be placed successively in a row in the direction of travel. The width of the row shall match the width of the band. 5.3.2.2.4 Arrangement of boxes for broadcast application The collecting boxes shall be set as shown in Figure 1. The test width

41、and length shall be at least3m. The test office shall report the arrangement of the boxes. 5.4 Adjustment and measurement 5.4.1 Selection of feed mechanisms The flow and distribution tests shall be carried out simultaneously or successively. 5.4.2 Filling the hopper The granules shall be loaded in a

42、ccordance with the specifications of the manufacturer into the hopper immediately prior to testing so that there is no time for settling or consolidation. 5.4.3 Forward speeds In the case of land-wheel-driven machines, the relative distributor/ground speeds shall be minimum, maximum and arithmetical

43、 mean speeds, recommended by the manufacturer. For static tests the rotational frequency, of the land-wheel is given by In the case of PTO-driven machines, the PTO speed or any other power input speed shall be chosen in accordance with the manufacturer, and noted in the test report. 5.4.4 Adjustment

44、 of application rate For each type of granule, the tests shall be carried out at the minimum and maximum application ratesettings recommended by the manufacturer and the arithmetical mean between minimum andmaximum. If a mean rate setting or the mean speed cannot be obtained within the range of adju

45、stments of the distributor, take the nearest rate setting or speed which this range of adjustment allows. Note this in the test report. 5.4.5 Duration of tests Before the start of each recording, sufficient time shall be allowed to avoid any unevenness of flow due to starting up and to allow free fl

46、ow of the granules from the hopper to the feed mechanism. 5.4.5.1 Flow rate test Two recordings lasting at least15s shall be made for each test. 5.4.5.2 Distribution test The distributor shall complete a single pass over the collection boxes at the set forward speed and application rate. 5.4.6 Takin

47、g measurements The granules collected in each box (or set of boxes) shall be weighed. 6 Test procedure The test procedure and programming shall be in accordance with Annex A. 6.1 Effect of forward speed, adjustment ofapplication rate and type of granules (testNo.1) Determine whether there are any ef

48、fects of forward speed, adjustment of application rate or type of granules on flow rate and distribution. 6.2 Effect of the granule level in the hopper(test No.2) Determine whether the level of granules in the hopper influences the flow rate or its evenness due to settling or bridging. 7 Test result

49、s NOTEThe statistical terms used in this clause are defined inISO3534. The individual test results shall be reported, as appropriate, together with the results of the calculations according to7.1 and7.2. 7.1 Flow rate tests 7.1.1 Calculate the average of the two recordings for each test so as to obtain a single flow rate value D ifor each feed mechanism. where v is the forward speed, in metres per second; R is the radius of the tyre under average load. v 2;R - =BS7293:1990 BSI 12-1999 5 7.1.2 Calculate the pe