BS 6410-1991 Methods of test for filter papers《滤纸试验方法》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6410:1991 Methods of test for Filter papersBS6410:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Paper and PrintingStandards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes into effect on 28February1991 BSI 08-1999 First

2、published June 1984 Second edition February 1991 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAM/13 Draft for comment 89/48050 DC ISBN 0 580 19195 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by th

3、e Paper and Printing Standards Policy Committee (PAM/-) to Technical Committee PAM/13, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Laboratory Ware Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation Ministry of Defence Motor Industry Research Association Amendments issued since pub

4、lication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS6410:1991 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword iii Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Sampling and pretreatment of test pieces 2 4 Conditioning of test pieces 2 5 Test report 2 Section 2. Test methods for general

5、and structural properties 6 Grammage 3 7 Thickness 3 8 Corrugation depth 3 9 Moisture (volatile) content 3 10 Ash 3 11 Ignition loss 3 12 Resin content 3 13 pH value, conductivity, chloride and sulphate contents of aqueous extracts 6 14 Pore size 6 15 Alkali solubility 9 16 Acid solubility 9 17 Calc

6、ium, copper, iron and manganese content 10 Section 3. Test methods for mechanical properties 18 Tensile strength 11 19 Tearing resistance 11 20 Bursting strength 11 21 Wet tensile strength 11 22 Wet bursting strength 11 23 Stiffness and flexibility 12 24 Brittleness 12 Section 4. Test methods for fu

7、nctional properties 25 Retentivity to particles in air 14 26 Retentivity to particles in liquid 14 27 Air flow resistance 15 28 Media migration 17 29 Water resistance (hydrostatic head test) 19 30 Liquid absorbency (Klemm method) 19 31 Water filtration time 19 32 Flammability 21 33 Choking life 24 A

8、ppendix A Types of filter paper and applicability of test methods 30 Figure 1 Pressure foot for micrometer 4 Figure 2 Alternative pressure foot types for micrometer 5 Figure 3 Pore size apparatus 8 Figure 4 Wet bursting strength apparatus (water contact method) 11 Figure 5 Template for positioning t

9、he weight on the folded strip 13 Figure 6 Retentivity to particles in air apparatus 14 Figure 7 Air flow resistance apparatus 16BS6410:1991 ii BSI 08-1999 Page Figure 8 Example of a media migration test piece holder 18 Figure 9 Media migration test rig 18 Figure 10 Water resistance apparatus 20 Figu

10、re 11 Water filtration time apparatus (Herzberg) 22 Figure 12 Flammability apparatus 23 Figure 13 Schematic layout of single pass apparatus 26 Figure 14 Filter holder and plate 27 Figure 15 Test apparatus for laboratory type filter papers 29 Table 1 Applicability of test methods 31 Publications refe

11、rred to 32BS6410:1991 BSI 08-1999 iii Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Paper and Printing Standards Policy Committee. It revises clauses3, 7, 8, 12, 14, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 29 and32 andAppendix A andTable 1 of the1984 edition and adds methods for the determ

12、ination of acid solubility. Figure 2 andFigure 9 of the1984 edition have also been revised and new Figure 5, Figure 13, Figure 14 andFigure 15 added. It supersedes BS6410:1984, which is withdrawn. The methods described in this standard do not cover all the desired fields and further methods may be a

13、dded to future revisions of this standard. Appropriate precautions are necessary to ensure the safety of personnel carrying out the tests in this standard. In particular, it is essential that suitable safety precautions are taken when curing resin-treated filter papers. A British Standard does not p

14、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. In particular attention is drawn to the provisions of the Health and S

15、afety at Work etc. Act 1974. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the

16、amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS6410:1991 BSI 08-1999 1 Section 1. General 1 Scope This British Standard describes methods of test for filter papers made by the papermaking process. NOTE 1Some of the test methods may also apply to filter media made by other processes. NOTE 2Appen

17、dix A gives further information on the types of filter paper to which these test methods are applicable. NOTE 3The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on page32. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 filter paper

18、a paper, made by a papermaking process, of organic and/or inorganic fibrous composition intended to provide selective retention of solid particles or liquid droplets from a fluid suspension 2.2 corrugation depth the difference between the thickness measured across the corrugations and that measured

19、in the valleys of the corrugations 2.3 grammage the mass of a unit area of paper (seeclause6) 2.4 total resin content the difference, expressed in g/m 2 , between the oven dry grammages of an unimpregnated sample and an impregnated sample 2.5 extractable resin content the quantity of resin, expresse

20、d ing/m 2 , that can be extracted from the treated paper by a solvent 2.6 equivalent pore diameter the diameter of a capillary of constant circular cross section that requires the same air pressure to force a wetting liquid from it as from the paper pore 2.7 maximum equivalent pore diameter the equi

21、valent pore diameter at which air just starts to flow through the filter paper under the conditions defined in the method of test (seeclause14) 2.8 minimum equivalent pore diameter the equivalent pore diameter at which all liquid has just been removed from the smallest pores 2.9 tensile strength the

22、 maximum tensile force that a test piece will withstand before it breaks under the conditions defined in the method of test (see clause18) 2.10 tearing resistance the mean force required to continue the tearing of an initial cut in a single sheet of paper 2.11 bursting strength the maximum uniformly

23、 distributed pressure, applied at right angles to its surface, that a test piece will withstand before it fails under the conditions defined in the method of test (seeclause20) 2.12 flexibility the downward deflection under load, expressed in mm/g, of a test strip supported as described in the metho

24、d of test (see23.2) 2.13 brittleness the percentage loss in tensile strength after creasing 2.14 air flow resistance the resistance offered by a paper to the passage of air 2.15 media migration the contamination of a flitrate by particles or fibres shed by the filter paper during use 2.16 water resi

25、stance the hydrostatic head supported by a filter paper at which penetration of water first occurs 2.17 water filtration time the time, in s, for100cm 3of clean, prefiltered, de-aerated water to pass through the filter under a constant hydrostatic head 2.18 choking life the time after which a filter

26、 fails to perform at an acceptable filtration rate and/or pressure differentialBS6410:1991 2 BSI 08-1999 2.19 flammability the ability of a filter paper to retard the spread of flame when ignited and to be self-extinguishing when the source of ignition is removed 2.20 afterflame time (flaming time)

27、the length of time for which the test piece continues to flame under specified test conditions after the burner flame has been removed 2.21 afterglow time (glowing time) the length of time for which the test piece continues to glow under specified test conditions after it has ceased to flame 2.22 re

28、tentivity to particles in liquids the particle size, in m, at which a retention level of98% of the total number of particles challenging the filter paper is obtained 3 Sampling and pretreatment of test pieces 3.1 Sampling Sampling shall be in accordance with BS3430, except where modified by individu

29、al testing methods. 3.2 Pretreatment of test pieces WARNING. Some resin-treated filter papers will evolve toxic or inflammable fumes during curing. It is essential that suitable safety precautions are taken. Unless otherwise specified in a particular test method, the resin in resin-treated filter pa

30、pers shall be cured before commencing the test. NOTECuring may be carried out by exposure to high temperature for a period, e.g. 150 C for10min, or to high humidity or to ultraviolet light. The curing method used depends on the resin involved. 4 Conditioning of test pieces Where specified in the tes

31、t method, test pieces shall be conditioned at50 2% r.h. and a temperature of23 1 C, in accordance with BS3431. 5 Test report In addition to the test reports required by individual methods, the following shall be reported: a) precise identification of the samples; b) pretreatment conditions used; c)

32、conditioning atmosphere used; d) reference to the clauses of this British Standard detailing the test methods applied; e) the mean results of the applied tests; f) if required, the range or standard deviation of results of the applied tests; g) details of any departure from the method of test and an

33、y circumstances or influences that may have affected the results; h) details of any deviations from the sampling procedure of3.1.BS6410:1991 BSI 08-1999 3 Section 2. Test methods for general and structural properties 6 Grammage Use the method of test described in BS3432, except that for test pieces

34、taken from narrow coils, instead of using the nominal width, measure the width to an accuracy of 1%. NOTE 1The test piece may be in the “as taken”, “after conditioning” (see clause4) or “oven-dry” (see note2) condition, and the condition should be reported. NOTE 2If the filter paper has been treated

35、 with a resin, it is recommended that the grammage (see2.3) be measured in the oven-dry condition after curing the resin (see3.2). Other times and temperatures may be agreed between the parties concerned. 7 Thickness Use the method of test described in BS3983 but, because filter papers are more comp

36、ressible than other papers, reduce the applied load or increase the test area. An applied load of100kPa or50kPa may cause excessive compression of the test piece. For low-density filter papers, especially those of types3 and4 (seeAppendix A), it is recommended that an applied pressure of10 1kPa over

37、 an area of200mm 2is used. Other loads or test areas may be used, as agreed between the parties concerned. NOTE 1The use of grammage and thickness to calculate apparent density may not be reliable for filter papers because of their more compressible nature. NOTE 2The precision micrometer may be of t

38、he hand-operated mechanical type or the automatic digital readout type, but it may be difficult to obtain consistent loading conditions with the hand-operated type. 8 Corrugation depth 8.1 Principle The thickness across the corrugations and that in the valleys of the corrugations is measured and the

39、 depth of the corrugations (see2.2) is calculated. 8.2 Apparatus 8.2.1 Precision micrometer, in accordance with BS907. The micrometer shall be fitted with a pressure foot as shown inFigure 1 orFigure 2 and shall have a maximum plunger load of50g. 8.3 Procedure Cure resin-treated filter papers before

40、 commencing the test (see3.2). Measure across the tops of the corrugations at a minimum of10 positions wire side up and10 positions wire side down. Repeat the measurements in the valleys of the corrugations at positions along a line parallel to the first set of measurements. 8.4 Calculation of resul

41、ts Calculate the corrugation depth by taking the difference between the mean values of the two sets of measurements. 9 Moisture (volatile) content Use the method of test described in BS3433, but, for resin-treated filter papers, use a temperature of105 2 C or150 5 C. NOTEThis method does not disting

42、uish between water and any other matter that may be volatile at the drying temperature. 10 Ash WARNING. The combustion of some kinds of fibre and resins produces toxic fumes. It is essential that suitable safety precautions are taken. Use the method of test described in BS3631, but vary the ashing t

43、emperature from that given in that standard. NOTE 1An ashing temperature of900 25 C is recommended, but another temperature may be used if appropriate and should be reported. Condition each test piece in accordance with clause4 of this standard. Cure resin-treated filter papers in accordance with3.2

44、 of this standard. NOTE 2The results obtained will include any residue from impregnants. 11 Ignition loss WARNING. The combustion of some kinds of fibre and resins produces toxic fumes. It is essential that suitable safety precautions are taken. Use the method of test described in BS3631 to determin

45、e the ignition loss of filter papers containing a substantial proportion of inorganic fibres, but reduce the furnace temperature to450 25 C. Report the ignition loss as a percentage of the mass of the test piece. 12 Resin content WARNING. It is essential that suitable safety precautions are taken wh

46、en working with solvents and resin systems. In particular, the following points should be observed: a) solvent extraction should be carried out in a fume cupboard; b) solvent trays should be covered; c) excess solvent should be blotted off test pieces before they are transferred to the oven; d) a fl

47、ameproof oven should be used. 12.1 General These methods apply to filter papers treated with substantial quantities of thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, e.g. a phenol formaldehyde resin.BS 6410:1991 4 BSI 08-1999 Figure 1 Pressure foot for micrometerBS6410:1991 BSI 08-1999 5 NOTECertain types o

48、f filter papers are treated during manufacture to increase their wet strength by the addition of a small quantity of a melamine formaldehyde resin, a polyamide resin or some similar material. If nitrogenous, these agents may be detected and estimated by the procedures given in BS4497. 12.2 Total res

49、in content 12.2.1 Principle The oven-dry mass of test pieces of unimpregnated and impregnated filter paper is measured and the total resin content (see2.4) is calculated. NOTEThe procedure may only be applied if representative samples of both the impregnated and unimpregnated filter paper are available. 12.2.2 Apparatus 12.2.2.1 Oven, flameproof and capable of maintaining a temperature of150 5 C. 12.2.2.2 Weighing device, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0.01g. 12.2.3 Procedure Dry test pieces of impregnated and un