BS 6100-3-2007 Building and civil nengineering – nVocabulary – nPart 3 Civil engineering – General《建筑和土木工程 词汇 土木工程 总则》.pdf

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1、BS 6100-3:2007Building and civil engineering Vocabulary Part 3: Civil engineering GeneralICS 01.040.93; 93.010NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when t

2、he document was last issued. BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 53723 3The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/500Draft for comment 04/30087596 DCPublication historySection 2.1 first published February 1984Section 2.1 second edition, September 1992Section 2.2.1 fir

3、st published April 1990Section 2.2.1 second edition, September 1992Section 2.2.2 first published December 1990Section 2.2.2 second edition, February1999Section 2.2.3 first published December 1990Section 2.3 first published September 1989Section 2.3 second edition, September 1992First published as Pa

4、rt 3 (combined revision of Sections 2.1, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3 and 2.3) August 2007Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 6100-3:2007 BSI 2007 iBS 6100-3:2007ContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Vocabulary structure 13 Structural design and elements (03 1xxxx) 24 Earthworks (03 2xxx

5、x) 85 Substructures and foundations (03 3xxxx) 256 Tunnels, shafts and caissons (03 4xxxx) 307 Superstructures (03 5xxxx) 47Bibliography 53Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 54, an inside back cover and a back cover.

6、BS 6100-3:2007ii BSI 2007ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 6100 is published by BSI and came into effect on 31 August 2007. It was prepared by Technical Committee B/500, Basic data. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Superses

7、sionThis part of BS 6100 supersedes BS 6100-2.1:1992, BS 6100-2.2.1:1992, BS 6100-2.2.2:1999, BS 6100-2.2.3:1990 and BS 6100-2.3:1992, which are withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 6100 consists of the following parts. Part 0: Introduction and index.Part 1: General. Part 2: Spaces, buil

8、ding types, environment and physical planning. Part 3: Civil engineering General. Part 4: Civil engineering Transport. Part 5: Civil engineering Water engineering, environmental engineering and pipelines. Part 6: Construction parts.Part 7: Services. Part 8: Work with timber and wood-based panels. Pa

9、rt 9: Work with concrete and plaster. Part 10: Contract terms. Part 11: Performance characteristics, measurement and joints. Part 12: Plant, equipment and persons.Information about this documentBS 6100 has been completely restructured and compiled on different principles than previously. Consequentl

10、y, this part of BS 6100 represents a full revision of the standard.A general introduction to and explanation of the BS 6100 vocabulary is given in BS 6100-0, which provides an alphabetical index of all the terms in all parts of BS 6100. It is intended that individual parts of BS 6100 are used in con

11、junction with BS 6100-0 because they do not contain indexes themselves.BS 6100-1 reproduces verbatim ISO 6707-1 and provides a vocabulary of general terms for the building and civil engineering industry. It is essential that individual parts of BS 6100 are read in conjunction with BS 6100-1. BSI 200

12、7 iiiBS 6100-3:2007BS 6100 does not repeat (or provide alternatives for) terms defined in other standards or in other parts of BS 6100. However, it does refer to where definitions can be found and includes a bibliography of all referenced standards.Presentational conventionsDetails of the structure,

13、 layout and presentational conventions used in this part of BS 6100 are given in Clause 2.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard

14、cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.iv BSI 2007 This page deliberately left blankBS 6100-3:2007 BSI 2007 1BS 6100-3:20071 ScopeThis part of BS 6100 defines terms within the civil and structural engineering industry, including:a) structural design and structural members;b) earthworks;c) sub

15、structures, foundations and piles;d) tunnels and tunnelling; ande) superstructures, including large span structures and bridges.2 Vocabulary structureThis part of BS 6100 does not contain its own index. Instead, a comprehensive index of terms is given in BS 6100-0. As a result, it is intended that t

16、his part of BS 6100 is used in conjunction with BS 6100-0.The layout of this vocabulary is designed in accordance with ISO 10241 with terms arranged in a classified order and numbered in accordance with ISO 2145.Each term has an individual number consisting of seven digits in two parts, the first of

17、 two digits, the second of five. Each number tells the following information about the term.a) The first two digits represent which part of BS 6100 the term belongs to.b) The third digit represents which group of terms it belongs to within the part.c) The fourth digit represents which subgroup of te

18、rms it belongs to within the group, as follows.1) Works.2) Parts.3) Materials.4) Activities.5) Processes.6) Plant, equipment and documentation.7) Properties.8) Spaces.9) Miscellaneous.d) The fifth to seventh digits determine the location of the term within the subgroup.Bold words within a definition

19、 indicate terms that are defined elsewhere in this part of BS 6100, other parts of BS 6100 or other standards. Reference to where the term is defined is given in parenthesis after the bold word.NOTE 1 References to terms defined in BS 6100-1 are shown giving only the part number, e.g. (01); referenc

20、es to terms defined in all other parts of BS 6100 are shown using their full reference number, e.g. (07 59005).NOTE 2 Where more than one definition source could be referred to, the reference containing the definition of most general applicability is given.BS 6100-3:20072 BSI 2007Alternative terms a

21、re given in medium type below preferred terms which are given in bold type. All alternative terms have the status of being deprecated. Abbreviations are given in bold type below the terms to which they relate.In the vocabulary, terms of more than one word are written in their natural word order, e.g

22、. pedestal elbow, and the word order is not inverted, e.g. elbow, pedestal. However, inverted forms of a term are included in the index in BS 6100-0.Terms are only given in the singular form, even when the plural form is more common (unless the term is only found in the plural form). 3 Structural de

23、sign and elements (03 1xxxx)3.1 Works (03 11xxx)03 11001 half-timbered buildingtimber framed building (01) in which the spaces (01) between the exposed timber (01) components (01) are filled with another material (01)3.2 Parts (03 12xxx)03 12001 slender beambeam (01) with a slenderness ratio (01) ex

24、ceeding a prescribed limit03 12002 ribcontinuous projection at right angles to a flange (01) or slab (01), increasing resistance to bending03 12003 bearing surfacesurface that transmits direct compressive load (01) from one structural member (01) to another03 12004 paneldistinct portion of a buildin

25、g element (01) surrounded by a frame (01) or other components (01) of the same type03 12005 flatrolled-steel section (01) of rectangular cross-section, whose thickness (01) exceeds one-tenth of its width (01)03 12006 strandassembly of wires or fibres of considerable length (01) spun helically in one

26、 or more layers around a core (01)03 12007 hollow pot floorin-situ reinforced concrete (09 33032) ribbed floor (01), spanning in one or more directions, where voids (03 28003) between the ribs (03 12002) are formed by cellular blocks (01) made of fired clay (BS EN 12670) or lightweight concrete (BS

27、EN 206)03 12008 filler joist floorin-situ concrete (01) slab (01) containing embedded steel joists (01) BSI 2007 3BS 6100-3:200703 12009 coffer slabconcrete slab (01) spanning in two directions and containing recesses on its underside03 12010 waffle slabcoffer slab (03 12009) with recesses that are

28、curved on plan (BS ISO 10209-1)03 12011 hammer beamshort horizontal structural member (01) at the foot of a principal rafter (03 12018)03 12012 straining beamupper horizontal structural member (01) of a queen post truss (03 12047) connecting the heads of the queen posts (03 12035)03 12013 trimmerstr

29、uctural member (01) supported by a trimming rafter (03 12020) or trimming joist (01)03 12014 flitch beamcomposite beam (01) consisting of one or more pieces of timber (01) of rectangular cross-section and one or more steel plates (01) bolted together parallel to the major axis03 12015 common raftert

30、imber (01) rafter (01), not forming part of a truss (01), that extends between eaves (01) and ridge board (06 32033)NOTE Sometimes given intermediate support by purlins (01).03 12016 jack raftershortened rafter (01) abutting a hip rafter (03 12017) or valley rafter (03 12019)03 12017 hip rafterrafte

31、r (01) in the line of a hip (01)03 12018 principal rafterinclined structural member (01) of a roof truss (01), in compression (01), connected to a tie beam (03 12030) and posts (01) and to which struts (01) are connected03 12019 valley rafterstructural member (01) in the line of a valley (01)03 1202

32、0 trimming rafterrafter (01) of larger cross-section but the same length (01) as and parallel to common rafters (03 12015)03 12021 trimmed rafterrafter (01) of the same cross-section as a common rafter (03 12015) supported by a trimmer (03 12013)03 12022 trussed purlinpurlin (01) in the form of a la

33、ttice girder (01)03 12023 furring piecetapered piece of timber (01) fixed to the top of a joist (01) in a flat roof (01) to create a fallBS 6100-3:20074 BSI 200703 12024 curb rafterrafter (01) to the top, flatter, slope (01) of a mansard roof (01)03 12025 heel strapu-shaped, steel strap placed over

34、the top of a principal rafter (03 12018) and bolted into the tie beam (03 12030) near the wall plate (01)03 12026 sprocket pieceshort, tapered piece of timber (01) fixed to the lower end of a common rafter (03 12015) to reduce the slope (01) of a roof (01) at the eaves (01)03 12027 dead shorevertica

35、l shore (01)03 12028 flying shorehorizontal shore (01) that does not bear on the ground (01) and provides lateral support03 12029 raking shoreinclined shore (01) that provides lateral support03 12030 tie beamstructural member (01) connected to, and providing lateral restraint for, structural members

36、 (01) that are otherwise unrestrained03 12031 straining sillstructural member (01) on the upper surface of a tie beam (03 12030), between posts (01) to take thrust from struts (01)03 12032 tie rodtie (01) in the form of a steel rod (01)03 12033 stringhorizontal tie (01) in a lattice truss (03 12048)

37、03 12034 king postcentral post (01) in a king post truss (03 12046)03 12035 queen postone of a pair of posts (01) extending from the point of intersection of principal rafters (03 12018) and straining beam (03 12012) to the tie beam (03 12030)03 12036 king rodking post (03 12034) in the form of a st

38、eel rod (01)03 12037 collarhorizontal structural member (01) tying a pair of principal rafters (03 12018) in opposite slopes (01)cf. collar (03 44029)03 12038 column headenlargement at the top of a column (01) BSI 2007 5BS 6100-3:200703 12040 blockworkmasonry (01) of blocks (01) bonded and solidly p

39、ut together with mortar (01)03 12042 bowstring trussroof truss (01) in the form of a simple arch (01) tied between its springings (01) and with bracing (01) between the arch (01) and the tie (01)03 12043 Belfast trussbowstring truss (03 12042) with lattice bracing (01)03 12044 half trussroof truss (

40、01) whose shape (11 27004) is half a normal roof truss (01), partly supported by a main roof truss (01) and at an angle, usually 90 degrees to it on plan (BS ISO 10209-1)03 12045 hammer beam trusspitched roof truss (01) with a collar (03 12037) and hammer beams (03 12011)03 12046 king post trusspitc

41、hed roof truss (01) that has a single main post (01)03 12047 queen post trusspitched roof truss (01) having two queen posts (03 12035)03 12048 lattice trusslattice girder (01) for a flat roof (01)03 12049 wind girdergirder (01) with its major axis horizontal to resist wind action (01)03 12050 fricti

42、on grip connectionact or state of being joined with a high strength friction grip bolt (03 12051)03 12051 high strength friction grip bolthigh tensile steel bolt (01), used with a high strength nut (06 72092) and hardened steel washer (06 72096), tightened to a predetermined shank tension (03 15002)

43、 so the clamping effect thus provided will transfer loads (01) in connected structural members (01) by friction03 12052 shear connectordevice that transmits shear (01) forces (01) between components (01)03 12053 studsmall projection from the face of a component (01) to facilitate connection with ano

44、ther component3.3 Activities (03 14xxx)03 14001 plastic designmethod of structural design based on the assumption that under increased loads (01) a redistribution of stress (01) takes place across a structural member (01) after yield point (01) is reachedBS 6100-3:20076 BSI 200703 14002 prestressint

45、roduce into a structural member (01) internal stresses (01) of such magnitude and distribution that the stresses (01) resulting from subsequent applied loads (01) are modified03 14003 post-tensionprestress (03 14002) by tensioning prestressing tendons (01) after the concrete (01) has hardened03 1400

46、4 shoreerect shore (01)03 14005 backpropdistribute construction loads (03 17023) through more than one level of construction (01)3.4 Processes (03 15xxx)03 15001 deflectiondeformation (01) of a structural member (01) caused by bending03 15002 tensionstate in part of a structural member (01) subject

47、to forces (01) that extend it3.5 Properties (03 17xxx)03 17001 fatiguedamage to a structural member (01) caused by repeated application of stresses (01) insufficient to induce failure (11 17012) by a single application03 17002 monolithicformed of a single stone (01), or cast to form a structurally c

48、ontinuous mass03 17003 normal stressstress (01) component perpendicular to the area concerned03 17004 permissible stressstress (01) that can be sustained safely by a structural material (01) under a particular condition03 17005 proof stressstress (01) applied to a material (01) sufficient to produce

49、 a specified permanent strain (01)03 17006 yield stressstress (01) corresponding to a yield point (01)03 17007 punching shearstress (01) imposed on a structural member (01) by a load (01) tending to penetrate that memberNOTE Calculated by dividing the load (01) by the product of the perimeter of its bearing surface (03 12003) area and the thickness (01) of the member. BSI 2007 7BS 6100-3:200703 17008 elastic limithighest stress (01) that can be applied without producing permanent deformation (01)03 17009 ultimate bearing s