BS 5502-52-1991 Buildings and structures for agriculture - Code of practice for design of alarm systems emergency ventilation and smoke ventilation for livestock housing《农用建筑物和构筑物 .pdf

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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502 : Part 52 : 1991

2、Implementing Amendment No. 1, not published separately NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 52. Code of practice for design of alarm systems, emergency ventilation and smoke ventilation for livestock housingBS 5502 : Par

3、t 52 : 1991 Issue 2, June 1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 30 August 1991 BSI 1998 The following BSI references re

4、late to the work on this standard: Committee reference FHB/1 Draft for comment 89/13137 DC ISBN 0 580 19735 2 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date T ext affected 10014 June 1998 Indicated by a sideline Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Stan

5、dard was entrusted by the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee (FHB/-) to T echnical Committee FHB/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: AFRC Institute of Engineering Research Aggregate Concrete Block Association Brick Development Association British Cement Asso

6、ciation British Commercial Glasshouse Manufacturers Association British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Poultry Federation Limited British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British V eterinary Association British Wood Preserving and Damp-proofing Association Cold Rolled Sections Ass

7、ociation Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Electricity Supply Industry in United Kingdom Farm and Rural Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Fibre Cement Manufacturers Association Limited Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Local Authority Organizations Ministr

8、y of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Scottish Office (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) Steel Construction InstituteIssue 2, June 1998 BS 5502 : Part 52 : 1991 1 | | | Contents Page Committees r

9、esponsible Inside front cover Foreword 2 Code of practice 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Welfare considerations 3 4 Selection of system 3 5 Components of alarm systems 4 6 Emergency ventilation 6 7 Permanent stand-by generation plant for emergency supply 8 8 Commissioning, testing and maintenance 8 9 S

10、afety aspects and warning signs 9 10 Information 10 Table 1 Approximate heat output for livestock 6 Figure 1 Examples of alarm and emergency ventilation systems 5 Index 11BS 5502 : Part 52 : 1991 Issue 2, June 1998 2 BSI 1998 | | | | Foreword This Part of BS 5502 has been prepared under the directio

11、n of the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee and comprises a new Part of BS 5502. While BS 5502 is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restructure it into the following broad subject areas: Part 0 Introduction and consolidated index Parts 10 to 19 Re

12、ference information and legislation Parts 20 to 39 General design Parts 40 to 59 Livestock buildings Parts 60 to 79 Crop buildings Parts 80 to 99 Ancillary buildings More specifically, the livestock building series will comprise: Part 40 Code of practice for design and construction of cattle buildin

13、gs Part 41 Code of practice for design and construction of sheep buildings and pens Part 42 Code of practice for design and construction of pig buildings Part 43 Code of practice for design and construction of poultry buildings Part 49 Code of practice for design and construction of milking premises

14、 Part 50 Code of practice for design, construction and use of storage tanks and reception pits for livestock slurry Part 51 Code of practice for design and construction of slatted, perforated and mesh floors for livestock Part 52 Code of practice for design of alarm systems, and emergency ventilatio

15、n and smoke ventilation for livestock housing A more detailed description of the new structure of BS 5502 is given in Part 0. The object of introducing the new structure is to allow subject areas to be broadly characterized, and related subject matter , whether in the form of recommendations, guidan

16、ce or supporting data, to be rationalized and brought together . It will also allow sufficient flexibility to enable BS 5502 to be expanded and developed in a logical way in the future. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to

17、appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of

18、 itself confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 1998 3 Issue 2, June 1998 BS 5502 : Part 52 : 1991 | Code of practice | | | | | 1 Scope This Part of BS 5502 gives recommendations on the design and selection of alarm systems, emergency ventilation and smoke ventilation equipment for the housing o

19、f livestock, especially poultry, pigs, calves and rabbits when housed under intensive conditions. These recommendations are an important factor in ensuring the welfare of livestock in the event of fire or failure of the ventilation system. Methods of detection and alarm, and the provision of alterna

20、tive ventilation are recommended for systems which have the ability to: a) detect failure of the electricity supply; b) detect unacceptably high or low temperatures; and c) provide a warning for the stockperson. The main types of ventilation systems considered are those which provide fan powered and

21、 automatically controlled natural ventilation. For manually operated natural ventilation systems, only the warning that temperature is outside pre-set limits is considered. The provision and display of operating instructions and procedures for testing and maintaining the alarm system and the emergen

22、cy ventilation equipment are also covered. The fitting of intruder and gas alarms, and the provision of subsequent escape routes is not included. NOTE. The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions NOTE. Work has commenced on a further

23、 Part of BS 5502 (Part 10) which will be a glossary of terms used in BS 5502 for buildings and structures for agriculture. For the purposes of this standard the definitions given in BS 6100 apply, together with the following: 2.1 alarm system A combination of components connected so that an audible

24、or visible alarm is activated when the temperature within the house departs by defined amounts from the desired value and/or the electrical supply to the ventilation system fails. 2.2 emergency ventilation Ventilation provided from emergency openings designed to be operated in the event of detection

25、 of high temperature and/or failure of the electricity supply to the ventilation system. | | | | | | 2.3 pre-set temperature limits The pre-set levels of temperature (high or low) at which the alarm system is actuated. NOTE. In this case temperature is the dry-bulb temperature which is indicated by

26、any standard measuring device shielded from direct radiation. 2.4 stand-by generator Electrical plant installed to provide power for fans, lights, heaters, controls etc. in the event of electrical mains failure. 2.5 stockperson The person with the duty of caring for the well-being and welfare of the

27、 livestock housed. 2.6 smoke ventilation Ventilation provided from emergency openings designed to be operated in the event of detection of fire. 3 Welfare considerations Attention is drawn to the provisions of the current Code of Recommendations for the Welfare of Livestock. Special consideration sh

28、ould be given to all classes of intensively housed livestock and, in particular, consideration should be given to the following. a) All automatic and mechanical equipment essential for the health and welfare of the stock should be inspected at least once daily. b) Alternative ways of feeding and of

29、maintaining a satisfactory environment should be available for use in the event of a breakdown. c) There should be an alarm system to warn the stockperson of failure of any automated ventilation equipment. NOTE. Similar provisions are laid down in the Welfare of Battery Hens Regulations, 1987. In ad

30、dition, attention is drawn to the need to provide adequate heating and to avoid overcooling for susceptible stock in cases of an emergency. The implications for animal welfare of intruders, gas hazards and means of escape are not covered in this standard, but should nevertheless be considered. 4 Sel

31、ection of system 4.1 General The selection of an alarm system should depend upon the class of stock housed, the type of housing and the type of ventilation system. NOTE. Great care should be taken when selecting controllers which automatically increase the temperature at which the alarm operates to

32、compensate for an increase in outside temperature.4 BSI 1998 BS 5502 : Part 52 : 1991 Issue 2, June 1998 | | 4.2 Basic criteria 4.2.1 An alarm system to warn of fire or failure of any essential automatic ventilation equipment should be fitted in all situations where livestock are housed. To monitor

33、such a failure an alarm system should respond to: a) temperatures which are above and, in the case of young stock, below pre-set limits; and b) a loss of electrical power. 4.2.2 The alarm system should comprise the following: a) sensing devices; b) a means of warning the stockperson of the fault; c)

34、 a back-up power supply from batteries to operate in the case of mains failure; d) facilities for regularly checking that the system is operational; and e) instructions for operating, testing and maintaining the system. 4.3 Additional criteria All alarm and control units should have indicator lights

35、 to show that they are operational and should be checked daily. NOTE.1. Some units may also have facilities to check their various functions. To reduce the risk of nuisance alarms due to short power supply interruptions a built-up delay should be incorporated. NOTE.2. A basic alarm system may form p

36、art of a more complex system that can automatically initiate emergency procedures such as releasing vents, opening back-draught shutters and/or controlling battery powered motors. Other facilities which could be included are fire, intruder, water and feed supply alarms. 4.4 Modes of operation The au

37、tomatic action in the event of an emergency for different typical systems is shown in figure 1. The modes of operation of the different systems are as follows: a) an audible or visible alarm occurs, normally a short time after the emergency; NOTE 1. The stockperson will need to take any emergency ac

38、tion required. b) an alarm and emergency action occurs after a pre-set delay; NOTE 2. The stockperson will need to attend to check functioning of the emergency vents and stand-by generator (if installed). c) similar to item (b) except that the system may be part of, but operationally independent of,

39、 a more complex controller which may also control other factors. NOTE 3. The stockperson will need to attend to check functioning of all emergency equipment. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 Components of alarm systems 5.1 Temperature sensors The temp

40、erature sensors may be electromechanical thermostats or electronic detectors such as thermistors. Both temperature sensors to detect ventilation failure and temperature sensors to detect fire are required. Sensors that can be locked at sea levels are preferred. Sensors and wiring should be robust an

41、d protected from damage by livestock and vermin. Some protection of the sensors against excessive accumulation of dust should be provided. Great care should be taken to site the ventilation failure temperature sensors where they are exposed to representative samples of the air temperature in the bui

42、lding and are inaccessible to unauthorized persons. Great care should also be taken to site the fire temperature sensors where they would be exposed to any high temperature products of combustion, i.e. not more than 500 mm below the ceiling or roof inner lining. In buildings with pitched roofs witho

43、ut ceilings they should be fitted vertically below the ridge. Neither type of sensor should be situated where they could be affected by radiation from extraneous sources such as heating elements or the sun. They should not be enclosed in such a way that their response time is raised to an unacceptab

44、le level, i.e. greater than 5 min. There should be at least one ventilation failure temperature sensor and one fire temperature sensor for every 500 m 2 of floor area. Both types should be uniformly spaced such that the horizontal spacing between each sensor does not exceed 25 m and the horizontal d

45、istance between any point on the periphery of the building and a sensor does not exceed 15 m. Where types of fire detector other than temperature sensors are also installed (e.g. flame detectors) these should also be connected to the alarm system. 5.2 Electrical mains failure detector On livestock f

46、arms with several houses it is important that mains power failure detection is fitted to each house. Since short interruptions to the electricity supply have little effect on temperature stability within a building all power failure detectors should incorporate a delay to prevent nuisance alarms. Th

47、is period should be at least 1 min and not more than 5 min. It is recommended that the delay should be set at the minimum level for very young stock or other conditions where a quick response from the stockperson could be vital. BSI 1998 5 Issue 2, June 1998 BS 5502 : Part 52 : 1991 | | | | | | | |

48、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Figure 1. Examples of alarm and emergency ventilation systems6 BSI 1998 BS 5502 : Part 52 : 1991 Issue 2, June 1998 | | | | | | | In the case of three-phase supply the monitor should be capable of detecti

49、ng the loss of any single phase or neutral as well as complete failure of the supply. Where a stand-by generator is arranged to start automatically as a result of mains failure an alarm should also be given so that the stockperson can check the functioning of the equipment. 5.3 Alarm warning device An alarm warning device should consist of a buzzer, bell, siren or flashing light situated on the site and may be associated with a personal radio pager or telephone autodial system. A warning device should be situated where it gives the maximum opportunity for immediate response. To si