BS 4376-1982 Specification for electrically operated blood storage refrigerators《电动血液冷藏箱规范》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4376:1982 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Electrically operated blood storage refrigerators UDC 621.565.92-83:615.382BS4376:1982 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Committee,

2、was published under the authority ofthe Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 September 1982 BSI 08-1999 First published December 1968 First revision September 1982 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RHE/19 Draft for comment 81/71454 DC ISBN 0 58

3、0 12671 4 Cooperating organizations The Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following: Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical A

4、ppliances Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers Association Limited British Combustion Equipment Manufacturers Association British Gas Corporation British Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Association* Building Services Research and Information Association Chartered Institution of Building Services Dep

5、artment of Energy (Energy Technology) Department of Health and Social Security* Department of the Environment (PSA) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association* Hevac Association Institute of Energy Institute of Refrigeration* Institution of Gas E

6、ngineers Lloyds Register of Shipping Manufacturers Association of Radiators and Convectors Ltd. Ministry of Defence* National Coal Board Society of British Gas Industries Water-tube Boilermakers Association The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, wer

7、e directly represented on the Technical Committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Agricultural Research Council Co-operative Union Environmental Health Officers Association Ice Cream Federation Limited Institution of Grocery Distribution London Refrigeration Society National

8、 Blood Transfusion Service UK Association of Frozen Food Producers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 6326 April 1991 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS4376:1982 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. Gene

9、ral 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 Section 2. Particular requirements 3 Construction 1 4 Refrigerating system 1 5 Electrical equipment 1 6 Instruments and control equipment 1 7 Alarm systems 2 8 Safety of personnel in cold rooms 2 Section 3. Performance requirements 9 Temperature limits 2 Section 4. Test

10、s 10 Text deleted 2 11 Tests for walk-in cold rooms 2 Section 5. Marking and information 12 Marking 3 13 Information 3 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS4376:1982 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This revision of BS 4376:1968 has been prepared under the direction of the Refrigeration, Heating and A

11、ir Conditioning Standards Committee to cover all sizes of refrigerator, both “reach-in” and “walk-in” types, designed and equipped for the preservation of whole blood and fluid blood plasma and its derivatives that need to be kept within specified limits of temperature. The refrigerators are intende

12、d for use in hospitals and blood collecting centres. Refrigerators for the storage of frozen blood products are excluded. A revision of the requirements for closed reach-in type cabinets has been prepared and issued as BS4376-1:1991 and the requirements for closed reach-in type cabinets have been de

13、leted by amendment1. It is envisaged that further Parts will be issued to cover other types of blood storage refrigerators. The standard specifies particular requirements for the proper storage of unfrozen blood when in refrigerators that have been constructed according to BS2501 and BS2502. BS 4376

14、:1968 is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This

15、 document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS4376:1982

16、 BSI 08-1999 1 Section 1. General 1 Scope This British Standard specifies particular requirements for sectional cold rooms of the walk-in type, constructed according to BS2502, which are intended for the preservation of whole blood and fluid blood plasma and its derivatives at temperatures between4

17、C and6 C. The refrigerators are for use in climates having dry bulb temperatures and relative humidities, respectively, from16 C and80% to40 C and40%. Closed reach-in type cabinets are covered by BS4376-1. It does not apply to refrigerators used for the storage of frozen blood plasma. It does not ap

18、ply to low temperature refrigerators or compartments used for the preservation of anti-sera, reagents, etc. NOTE 1It is recommended that, except for very small storage capacity requirements, separate refrigerators should be provided for stock blood and for cross-matched blood reserved for particular

19、 individuals. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in BS2501 and BS2502 apply. Section 2. Particular requirements 3 Construction 3.1 Shelves. Where revolvin

20、g shelves are fitted, the distance from the periphery to the adjacent surface of the supporting centre column shall be not more than330mm. All shelves shall be capable of sustaining a loading of175kg/m 2without undue deflection. 3.2 Lighting 3.2.1 Text deleted 3.2.2 Walk-in cold rooms. Refrigerators

21、 of the walk-in type shall be provided with internal lighting. Fittings shall be of the moisture-proof type. The lighting circuit shall be controlled by a switch to be supplied and fitted to the refrigerator immediately adjacent to the main door, and an indicator light shall be supplied and fitted e

22、xternally. 3.3 Doors 3.3.1 General. Door sealing gaskets shall have an effective seal over the entire length. 3.3.2 Text deleted 3.3.3 Walk-in cold rooms. It shall be possible to open the door(s) of walk-in refrigerators from the inside, even when locked from outside. Means shall be provided for loc

23、king each door, and two keys shall be supplied for each lock. 4 Refrigerating system 4.1 General. The refrigerating system shall comply with the requirements of clause10 of BS2501:1976, together with the requirements, as follows, of4.2 to4.5. 4.2 Noise. The refrigerating system shall not produce und

24、ue noise or vibration. 4.3 Defrosting. The refrigerating system shall be designed to ensure that under normal conditions the evaporator, drip tray and adjacent cold surfaces are automatically defrosted with sufficient regularity to maintain the performance requirements of this standard. In the case

25、of walk-in refrigerators, the water from defrosting shall be led outside the refrigerator for disposal. 4.4 Air circulation. If air circulation within the refrigerated space is promoted by a motor driven fan, or if a forced air cooling unit is employed, a door operated switch shall be fitted to each

26、 external door so that the fan motor circuit is energized only when all external doors are closed. 4.5 Independent refrigerating systems. Walk-in refrigerators shall be fitted with two independent refrigerating systems and with a manually operated change-over control so that in the event of failure

27、of any part of one system, the other may be brought into operation. 5 Electrical equipment Electrical equipment shall comply with the requirements of section4 of BS2501:1976 and shall be installed in accordance with the “Regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Buildings” published by the Institu

28、tion of Electrical Engineers. 6 Instruments and control equipment 6.1 Indicating thermometer. Each refrigerator shall be supplied and fitted with an indicating thermometer having the following characteristics. a) Read-out. The read-out shall be either analogue or digital, independent of the power su

29、pply and shall be clearly readable from outside the refrigerator with the door closed.BS4376:1982 2 BSI 08-1999 b) Scale. The scale, which shall be graduated in degrees Celsius, shall include the range between5 C and+20 C and shall be marked with a green band extending from3 C to7 C. c) Sensitive el

30、ement. The sensitive element of the thermometer shall be located in air in a position such that it responds to the temperature of the air surrounding the blood containers without being immediately affected by warm air entering when a door is opened. The suitability of this location shall be tested i

31、n accordance with section4. d) Accuracy. The thermometer shall indicate the air temperature to an accuracy of within 0.5 C over the range2 C to10 C. 6.2 Recording thermograph. Each refrigerator shall be supplied with a recording thermograph having the following characteristics. a) Drive. The drive s

32、hall be either clockwork or electric with spring reserve. b) Chart. The chart shall be circular, not less than150mm in diameter, graduated in degrees Celsius and shall make one revolution per seven days. c) Range. The range included shall be between 5 C and +20 C and the scale shall be marked with a

33、 green band in the range3 C to7 C. d) Sensitive element. The sensitive element shall be located in a container (equivalent to the bottle described in BS2463) containing500ml of fluid having similar thermal characteristics to blood. The element container shall be supplied and secured inside the worki

34、ng space but in a position where the temperatures recorded are the least favourable. e) Accuracy. The thermograph shall record the container fluid temperature to an accuracy of within 0.5 C over the range2 C to10 C. 7 Alarm systems The following alarm systems capable of giving an alarm for at least3

35、h shall be provided adjacent to the refrigerators. a) Temperature drift. An audible and visual alarm shall operate if the air temperature within the refrigerator space falls to2 0.5 C or rises to8 0.5 C. b) Interruption of electricity supply. A battery operated audible and visual alarm shall operate

36、 in the event of interruption of the electricity supply to the refrigerator. This alarm system shall be provided with a manual or interrupted muting device for the audible alarm only. A conveniently accessible test switch shall be fitted, so that the correct functioning of each alarm can be checked.

37、 Provision shall be made for the connection of the alarm systems to a signalling device at a site other than the room housing the refrigerator. The circuit shall be so arranged that any failure in this additional circuit shall not affect the correct functioning of the connection provided. NOTEIt is

38、recommended that any switching and/or muting device should incorporate a reactivating mechanism which will ensure that the audible alarm is automatically re-energized after a predetermined period (not exceeding approximately60min). 8 Safety of personnel in cold rooms All walk-in refrigerators shall

39、be provided with safety precautions as detailed in15.7 of BS4434-1:1980. Section 3. Performance requirements 9 Temperature limits The mean air temperature within the storage volume shall be maintained between3 C and7 C. During normal cyclic conditions this air temperature shall never be colder than1

40、.5 C nor warmer than8.5 C. As a result of automatic defrosting the warmest air temperature limit of8.5 C may be exceeded but as a result the temperature of the fluid in which the sensitive element of the thermograph is located shall not become warmer than7 C. Section 4. Tests 10 Text deleted 11 Test

41、s for walk-in cold rooms 11.1 Methods of test. Walk-in cold rooms shall be tested in accordance with the following clauses of sections5 and6 of BS2501:1976 amended as follows, including the additional tests for safety features and alarm systems, and with the tests performed in the order shown. The t

42、ests shall be made after the cold room, its refrigerating systems, instruments, control equipment and alarm systems have been installed on site. The tests shall be made at the prevailing ambient conditions. All tests except the door seal test (clause22) shall be made on each independent refrigeratin

43、g system (see4.5 of this standard). Clause Test 22 Door seal test 23 Pressure test. Where applicable read “installing contractor” for “manufacturer”BS4376:1982 BSI 08-1999 3 11.2 Test report. The following data shall be reported for the cold room for each independent refrigerating system. a) The ari

44、thmetical mean ambient temperature and relative humidity recorded during each test where applicable to the results reported. b) Percentage running time see note to item d). c) Total energy consumed in24h. d) Air and fluid temperatures as calculated (see31.3 and31.4 of BS2501:1976) and as recorded se

45、e31.2 d) of BS2501:1976. NOTEIn order that there is reserve refrigerating capacity to deal with the various cooling loads that can be encountered in normal service, the percentage running time should not normally exceed75% under conditions of minimum average storage air temperature and maximum ambie

46、nt temperature for which the cold room has been designed. e) Confirmation that the alarm systems operate correctly in accordance with clause7. The following additional data shall be reported for cold rooms fitted with automatic defrost devices. f) Number of defrosts per24h. g) Percentage of the tota

47、l time per24h that is taken by the defrost operation. Section 5. Marking and information 12 Marking 12.1 The marking of the complete refrigerator shall be the responsibility of the person, firm or company with the responsibility to ensure that the tests have been satisfactorily completed. 12.2 Each

48、complete refrigerator which has complied with the tests shall have the following information marked in a permanent legible manner in a location where it is readily accessible. a) The name of the person, firm or company responsible for marking that the complete refrigerator complies with the requirem

49、ents of this British Standard. b) The type, model, catalogue and serial number of the cabinet, condensing unit, etc., or sufficient information to provide adequate identification for replacement of parts or for necessary servicing. c) The maximum rated input in watts, the voltage(s) or voltage range(s), whether for use with alternating or direct current, and, in the case of alternating current, the rated frequency or frequency range in hertz for which the refrigerator is designed. d) The international number (see BS4580) of the refrigera