BS 4317-18-1988 Methods of test for cereals and pulses Determination of hidden insect infestation《谷物和豆类试验方法 第18部分 潜在虫害测定》.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4317-18: 1988 Methods of test for Cereals and pulses Part 18: Determination of hidden insect infestation UDC 633.1/.3:664.7:636.087.69:620.193.87:620.168.2BS 4317-18:1988 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Food and Agriculture Standards Committe
2、e, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes intoeffect on 30 December1988 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FAC/4 Drafts for comment 85/50928 DC 85/50929 DC 85/50930 DC ISBN 0 580 16942 1 Committees responsible fo
3、r this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Food and Agriculture Standards Committee (FAC/-) to Technical Committee FAC/4 upon which the following bodies were represented: AFRC Institute of Engineering Research Agricultural Engineers Association Association
4、of Public Analysts British Edible Pulse Association British Maize Refiners Association Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Flour Milling and Baking Research Association Food and Drink Federation Grain and Feed Trade Association Home Grown Cereals Authority Institu
5、te of Brewing Institute of Food Science and Technology Intervention Board for Agricultural Produce Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food NABIM National Association of Commodity Cargo Superintendents and Surveyors National Farmers Union Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute Society o
6、f Chemical Industry Ulster Farmers Union United Kingdom Agricultural Supply Trade Association Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS 4317-18:1988 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 General
7、principles 1 4 Sampling 2 5 Examination of samples 5 6 Expression of results 6 7 Interpretation of results 6 8 Test report 6 Appendix A Suitable data record sheet 7 Table 1 Number of bags to be sampled 4 Table 2 Incubation periods (in days) for the detection of the hidden stagesofinsects in samples
8、of cereals and pulses kept under the suggested conditions 6 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS 4317-18:1988 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 4317 has been prepared under the direction of the Food and Agriculture Standards Committee. It is based on ISO6639-1, ISO6639-2 and ISO6639-3
9、published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). These International Standards were prepared with the participation of the UK but not approved by the UK, as they refer to ISO6639-4, which describes rapid methods for determination of hidden insect infestation and which it was co
10、nsidered gave insufficiently reliable results. In addition, the UK considered that there was advantage in combining the general principles, sampling and method into a single document. For ease of production the data record sheet in Appendix A is reproduced from ISO6639-3. A British Standard does not
11、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fr
12、ont cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS 4317-18:1988 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS4317
13、describes a method for determining the extent of hidden insect infestation in cereals and pulses in any form of store or vehicle at any level of trade from producer to consumer. The method is suitable for use as a reference method in the calibration of rapid methods. It may be used in cases of dispu
14、te. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this Part of BS4317 are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 4317 the following definitions apply. 2.1 initial observed infestation those free-living insects that are immediately apparent to the eye w
15、hen the sample is first examined 2.2 hidden infestation those insects which are not visible but which are present within individual grains either because they are at juvenile stages and have developed from eggs laid inside the grains, or because they have entered the interior of individual grains th
16、rough cracks or other damage, usually to feed 2.3 grain cereal grains and/or seeds of pulses 2.4 consignment the quantity of grain delivered at one time and covered by one set of shipping documents. It is composed of one or more lots 2.5 lot a stated quantity of a consignment, to be sampled using a
17、particular sampling plan NOTE 1There is no need to restrict the size of the lot when sampling for hidden infestation. A consignment of the same origin and history may be regarded as one lot or may be split into several lots for sampling, whichever is more convenient. If the consignment is received i
18、n several barges, railway wagons, lorries, stacks, etc., it is usually more convenient to treat each part as a separate lot for sampling purposes. Any parts of a consignment known to be of different origin and/or history are to be sampled as separate lots. NOTE 2The definition of lot for the purpose
19、s of sampling for determination of hidden infestation differs from the definition of lot relating to sampling of grain and pulses for the determination of other characteristics. 2.6 increment a small quantity of grain taken from a single position in the lot 2.7 bulk sample the quantity of grain obta
20、ined by combining and mixing the increments taken from a specific lot 2.8 laboratory sample the quantity of grain removed from the bulk sample, or a separate increment, and intended for examination 3 General principles 3.1 Some species of insects are especially adapted to attack whole grains and nor
21、mally spend a considerable part of the life cycle, including the entire larval feeding period, inside grains. Other species also take advantage of holes or cracks in grains to enter and feed inside them. These insects constitute a hidden infestation that cannot readily be seen in consignments or sam
22、ples. 3.2 Most insect pests of stored grains are very small, under5mm in length, cryptic in behaviour and dull in colour. Those that fly do so mostly in dull light or at high temperatures. Thus, even when they are living freely outside the grains and do not constitute a hidden infestation as describ
23、ed in3.1, they are not easy to detect unless populations are large enough to induce noticeable activity. 3.3 Being mobile, at least in the free-living form, insects are capable of moving through a bulk of grain and tend to concentrate in those parts of the bulk most favourable for feeding and breedi
24、ng. Such centres of insect activity are not necessarily static; they may expand, contract or move for many complex reasons. The most important reasons are changes in the physical condition of the grain, for example temperature and moisture content, and overcrowding of the insects due to rapid breedi
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