AWWA D100-2011 Welded Carbon Steel Tanks for Water Storage.pdf

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1、 ANSI/AWWA D100-11 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA D100-05) AWWA Standard Effective date: July 1, 2011. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 23, 1991. This edition approved Jan. 23, 2011. Approved by American National Standards Institute April 8, 2011. 6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy Denve

2、r, CO 80235-3098 Communications T 800.926.7337 Conferences www.awwa.org Education and TrainingScience and TechnologySections The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water Welded Carbon Steel Tanks for Water Storage SM Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard

3、This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi- cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options th

4、at must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The

5、 use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will

6、 provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication

7、 of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of a

8、n American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. Ameri- can National Standards are subject to periodic rev

9、iew, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with partic

10、ular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require

11、that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street,

12、Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or e-mailing infoansi.org. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the

13、form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2011 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii Committee Personnel The Standards Committee on Steel

14、Elevated Tanks, Standpipes, and Reservoirs, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Stephen W. Meier, Chair General Interest Members D.M. Algranti, Albert A. Webb Associates, Riverside, Calif. (AWWA) E. Darrimon, Bay Area Coating Consultant Ser

15、vice Inc., Denair, Calif. (AWWA) W.J. Dixon, Dixon Engineering Inc., Lake Odessa, Mich. (AWWA) F.S. Kurtz,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) S.W. Meier, Tank Industry Consultants, Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA) J.I. Strand, Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc., Chippewa Falls, Wis. (AWWA)

16、 B.M. Shepherd,* Standards Council Liaison, Claremont, Calif. (AWWA) C.C. Sundberg, CH2M HILL, Issaquah, Wash. (AWWA) R.S. Wozniak, Bow Tech Ltd., Batavia, Ill. (AWWA) Producer Members J.W. Davis, Tnemec Company Inc., Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA) B.E. Kromer, Tank Builders Inc., Euless, Texas (AWWA) S. L

17、amb, Nickel Institute, Huntington, W.V. (AWWA) G.A. Larson, CB&I Inc., Clive, Iowa (AWWA) K. McGuire, CST Storage, Parsons, Kan. (AWWA) L.D. Scott, CB&I Inc., San Luis Obispo, Calif. (AWWA) D.L. Stilger, Caldwell Tanks Inc., Louisville, Ky. (AWWA) User Members J. Camarena, East Bay Municipal Utility

18、 District, Oakland, Calif. (AWWA) T.M. Dawson, Emerald Coast Utilities Authority, Pensacola, Fla. (AWWA) M.W. Gri ffi n, MissouriAmerican Water Company, St. Louis, Mo. (AWWA) C.P. Harder, City of Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas (AWWA) E.J. King, Connecticut Water Company, Clinton, Conn. (AWWA) * Liais

19、on, nonvoting Alternate Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iv J.L. Ortiz, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, Calif. (AWWA) J.P. Scott, New JerseyAmerican Water Company, Delran, N.J. (AWWA) Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All

20、Rights Reserved. v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. Foreword I Introduction. xiii I.A Background. . xiii I.B History. xiii I.C Acceptance. xviii II Special Issues. . xix III Use of Th

21、is Standard. . xix III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives. . xix III.B Information to Be Provided With Bid. xxvii III.C Modification to Standard. . xxvii IV Major Revisions. xxvii V Comments. . xxvii Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 2 1.3 Drawings to Be Provided . 2 1.4 References .

22、3 2 Materials 2.1 General . 7 2.2 Material Specifications 7 3 General Design 3.1 Design Loads 10 3.2 Unit Stresses 20 3.3 Combined Stresses 21 3.4 Allowable Compressive Stresses for Columns, Struts, and Shells 24 3.5 Shell Girder, Intermediate Stiffeners, and Compression Rings . 37 3.6 Roofs . 39 3.

23、7 Cylindrical Shell Plates 41 3.8 Anchorage . 41 3.9 Corrosion Allowance and Protection 47 3.10 Minimum Thickness and Size . 47 3.11 Joints . 49 3.12 Weld Design Values. 49 3.13 Reinforcement Around Openings 50 3.14 Equivalent Metric Equations . 52 4 Sizing and Design of Elevated Tanks 4.1 Standard

24、Capacities . 53 4.2 Heights for Elevated Tanks 54 4.3 Standard Head Range . 54 4.4 Cross-Braced Multicolumn Elevated Tanks 54 4.5 Tank Plates 56 4.6 Pedestal Tanks. 57 4.7 Tank Stability Against Overturning 57 4.8 Lateral Load Distribution 57 5 Accessories for Elevated Tanks 5.1 Steel Riser . 57 SEC

25、. PAGESEC. PAGE Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. vi 5.2 Pipe Connection 58 5.3 Overflow . 58 5.4 Access 59 5.5 Vent 61 5.6 Antennas and Related Equipment 61 5.7 Galvanic Corrosion . 61 6 Sizing of Ground-Supported Standpipes and Reservoirs 61 7 Accessories for Gr

26、ound-Supported Standpipes and Reservoirs 7.1 Flush-Type Cleanouts 62 7.2 Pipe Connections 62 7.3 Overflow . 62 7.4 Access 63 7.5 Vent . 64 7.6 Antennas and Related Equipment . 65 7.7 Galvanic Corrosion . 65 8 Welding 8.1 Definitions and Symbols . 65 8.2 Qualification of Welding Procedures, Welders,

27、and Welding Operators 65 8.3 Weld Joint Records 66 8.4 Butt Joints . 67 8.5 Lap Joints 67 8.6 Flat Tank Bottoms Resting Directly on Grade or Foundation 68 8.7 Shell-to-Bottom Joint 68 8.8 Shell Plates 69 8.9 Tubular Column and Strut Sections 69 8.10 Steel Risers 69 8.11 Roof Plates 69 8.12 Maximum T

28、hickness of Material to Be Welded . 70 8.13 Lap Restrictions for Welded Lap Joints 70 8.14 Minimum Size of Fillet and Seal Welds . 70 8.15 Minimum Length of Welds . 71 8.16 Intermittent Welding . 71 8.17 Corrosion Protection . 71 9 Shop Fabrication 9.1 Workmanship . 71 9.2 Straightening . 72 9.3 Fin

29、ish of Plate EdgesWelded Work . 72 9.4 Rolling 72 9.5 Double-Curved Plates . 73 9.6 Columns . 73 9.7 Shop Assembly 73 9.8 High-strength Anchor Bolts 73 9.9 Shipping 73 10 Erection 10.1 Welds 73 10.2 Preparation of Surfaces to Be Welded . 74 10.3 Preheating Welded Joints . 75 10.4 Low-Hydrogen Electr

30、odes and Welding Processes . 76 Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. vii 10.5 Tack Welds 76 10.6 Tank Assembly 76 10.7 Matching Plates . 79 10.8 Grouting of Column, Riser, and Single-Pedestal Bases for Elevated Tanks 79 10.9 High-Strength Anchors . 80 11 Inspection a

31、nd Testing 11.1 General . 80 11.2 Inspection Report 80 11.3 Welders Credentials 80 11.4 Inspection of Welded Joints . 80 11.5 Number and Location of Radiographs for Butt-Weld Joints in Tank Shells, Load-Bearing Risers, and Single-Pedestal Columns . 84 11.6 Procedures for Inspection of Welded-Shell B

32、utt Joints Radiographic Testing 85 11.7 Procedure for Inspection of Groove Welds in Tension Member Bracing by Ultrasonic Inspection 88 11.8 Inspection by Air Carbon Arc Gouging 88 11.9 Repair of Defective Welds . 88 11.10 Testing 89 12 Foundation Design 12.1 General Requirements . 89 12.2 Soil-Beari

33、ng Value . 90 12.3 Safety Factors 90 12.4 Foundations for Cross-Braced Multicolumn Tanks 91 12.5 Foundations for Single-Pedestal Tanks 92 12.6 Foundations for Ground-Supported Flat-Bottom Tanks 93 12.7 Detail Design of Foundations 96 12.8 Concrete Design, Materials, and Construction . 97 12.9 Backfi

34、ll 97 13 Seismic Design of Water Storage Tanks 13.1 General . 98 13.2 Design Earthquake Ground Motion 100 13.3 Cross-Braced, Column-Supported Elevated Tanks 135 13.4 Pedestal-Type Elevated Tanks . 137 13.5 Ground-Supported Flat-Bottom Tanks 138 13.6 Piping Connections 149 13.7 Foundation Design for

35、Ground-Supported Flat-Bottom Tanks 151 13.8 Equivalent Metric Equations . 151 14 Alternative Design Basis for Standpipes and Reservoirs 14.1 Alternative Design Basis 153 14.2 Materials . 155 14.3 General Design . 161 14.4 Inspection . 164 14.5 Certification of Compliance 167 Copyright 2011 American

36、Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viii Appendixes A Commentary for Welded Carbon Steel Tanks for Water Storage 169 B Default Checklist . 199 Figures 1 Basic Wind Speed V from ASCE 7 . 14 2 Diagram for Checking Overturning Stability of Pedestal-Type Elevated Tanks (Wind or Seismic Events)

37、 95 3 Extreme Frost Penetrationin Inches (Based on State Average) 97 4 Recommended Depth of Cover (in Feet Above Top of Pipe) 98 5 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sfor Site Class B for the Conterminous United States . 102 6 M

38、apped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for the Conterminous United States . 104 7 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sfor Site Class B for Region

39、 1 106 8 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Region 1 108 9 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sfor Site Class B for Region 2 110 10 Mapp

40、ed Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Region 2 111 11 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sfor Site Class B for Region 3 112 12 Mapped Maximum C

41、onsidered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Region 3 113 13 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sand 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Region 4 114 Copyright 2

42、011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix 14 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sand 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Hawaii . 115 15 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5

43、 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sfor Site Class B for Alaska . 116 16 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Alaska . 117 17 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Dam

44、ped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sand 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Puerto Rico, Culebra, Vieques, St. Thomas, St. John, and St. Croix 118 18 Mapped Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration, 5 Percent Damped, at 0.2-sec Period S Sand 1-sec Period S 1for Site Class B for Guam and T

45、utuila . 119 19 Region-Dependent Transition Period for Longer Period Ground Motion T L. 126 20 Diagram for Checking Foundation Stability of Cross-Braced, Column-Supported Elevated Tanks 137 21 Bottom Piping Connection of a Self-Anchored, Ground-Supported Flat-Bottom Tank 150 22 Isothermal Lines for

46、Lowest One-Day Mean Temperatures and Normal Daily Minimum 30F (1.1C) Temperature Line for January, United States and Southern Canada 159 23 Radiographic Requirements for Tank Shells According to Section 14 . 167 24 Certification of Compliance With Requirements of ANSI/AWWA D100, Sec. 14 168 A.1 Typi

47、cal Undercut . 186 A.2 Design Response SpectraGeneral Procedure 191 A.3 Design Spectral Response Acceleration That Causes the Tank to Slide S ai,slide. 192 A.4 Curve for Obtaining Factor K pfor the Ratio D/H . 193 A.5 Curves for Obtaining Factors W i /W Tand W c /W Tfor the Ratio D/H 194 A.6 Curves

48、for Obtaining Factors X i /H and X c /H for the Ratio D/H 194 A.7 Pressure-Stabilizing Buckling Coefficient D C cfor Self-Anchored Tanks . 195 Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. x Tables 1 Thickness Limitations and Special Requirements 8 2 Force Coefficient C f12 3

49、 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient K z. 12 4 Material Classes 20 5 Unit StressesTension 21 6 Unit StressesCompression . 22 7 Unit StressesPrimary Bending 22 8 Unit StressesShearing 23 9 Unit StressesBearing 23 10 Allowable Local Buckling Compressive Stress F Lfor Class 1 Material 29 11 Allowable Local Buckling Compressive Stress F Lfor Class 2 Material 30 12 Allowable Axial Compressive Stress F afor Combined Effects of Local Buckling and Slenderness For Class 1 Materials (psi) . 31 13 Allowable Axial Compressive Stress F afor Combined Eff