AWWA B300-2018 Hypochlorites.pdf

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1、ANSI/AWWA B300-18(Revision of ANSI/AWWA B300-10)AWWA StandardSMHypochloritesEffective date: Sept. 1, 2018.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 2, 1953.This edition approved March 30, 2018.Approved by American National Standards Institute April 24, 2018.Copyright 2018 American Water

2、 Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iiAWWA StandardThis document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi

3、cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, no

4、r does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the

5、water industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed in the Official Notice section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Jou

6、rnal AWWA publication of the official notice.American National StandardAn American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public.

7、 The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subjec

8、t to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in confo

9、rmity with particular American National Standards.Caution Notice: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI proced

10、ures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 Wes

11、t 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or e-mailing infoansi.org.ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-305-1 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-483-8DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.B300.18All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form o

12、r by any means, electronic or mechanical, including scanning, recording, or any information or retrieval system. Reproduction and commercial use of this material is prohibited, except with written permission from the publisher.Copyright 2018 by American Water Works Association Printed in USAIf you a

13、re interested in using any part of this publication for training, creating a derivative work, or for any commercial use, written permission from AWWA is required. Please send your request to permissionsawwa.org. Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iiiCommittee Perso

14、nnelThe AWWA Standards Committee on Disinfectants, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:K. Blake Stark, ChairGeneral Interest MembersK.-K. Au, FMC Global Peroxygens, Naperville, Ill.N.J. Edman,*Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.M.C.

15、 Graves, HDR Engineering, Austin, Tex.R. Hampaul, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Vancouver, B.C.G. Ramon,*Standards Council Liaison, Little Rock Wastewater, Little Rock, Ark.M. Sivaganesan, USEPA, Cincinnati, OhioK.B. Stark, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich.A. Waldron, CH2M, Englewood, Co

16、lo.Producer MembersM.C. Gibson, American Chemistry Council, Washington, D.C.R. Ness, Olin Chlor Alkali Products, Charleston, Tenn.D.S. Weatherup, De Nora Water Technologies Inc., Colmar, Penn.User MembersR.C. Lorenz, Westerville Water Plant, Westerville, OhioC.L. McLain, Consultant, Moorhead, Minn.F

17、. Noce, Lake County Department of Utilities, Painesville, OhioL. Olson, American Water, Voorhees, N.J.P.R. Riendeau, New England Water Works Association, Holliston, Mass.* Liaison, nonvotingCopyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank.Copyright

18、2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. vForewordI Introduction. . viiI.A Background . viiI.B History viiiI.C Acceptance viiiII Special Issues. xII.A Storage and Handling Precautions . xII.B Strength of Solutions . xII.C Sodium Hypochlorite xiII.D Bromate in Sodium Hypochlorite x

19、iiIII Use of This Standard . xiiiIII.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives . xiiiIII.B Modification to Standard xiiiIV Major Revisions . xiiiV Comments xiiiStandard1 General1.1 Scope. 11.2 Purpose . 11.3 Application 12 References 23 Definitions . 24 Requirements4.1 Physical Requirements . 34.2 Chemic

20、al Requirements 44.3 Impurities 45 Verification5.1 Sampling . 55.2 Test Procedures 65.3 Notice of Nonconformance . 96 Delivery6.1 Marking 96.2 Packaging and Shipping 106.3 Affidavit of Compliance 11Appendix A Recommendations for the Handling and Storage of Hypochlorite Solutions . 13TableF.1 Chlorin

21、e Available in SodiumHypochlorite . viiiContentsAll AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard.SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGECopyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally

22、 blank.Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viiForewordThis foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA B300.I. Introduction.I.A. Background. “Hypochlorites” is used as an all-inclusive term for chlorinated lime, calcium hypochlorite, and sodium

23、hypochlorite. A concise description of each chemical follows.Chlorinated lime: 25 percent to 37 percent available chlorine. Other common names for chlorinated lime are bleaching powder and chloride of lime. Because it is an unstable material and is subject to deterioration from heat and moisture, it

24、 is not usually fed dry but as a 2 percent solution. Excess insolubles present in this solution must be separated by decantation before use. Storage in a cool, dry area, for no more than nine months, is advisable. Chlorinated lime is available in 100 lb (45.4 kg), 300 lb (136 kg), and 800 lb (363 kg

25、) drums. Approximately 0.25 lb/gal (30 g/L) of chlorinated lime to water will produce a solution of approximately 1 percent available chlorine.Calcium hypochlorite: 65 percent to 70 percent available chlorine. This material is unstable but more stable than the grade with 35 percent available chlorin

26、e. It is best fed as a solution. Its theoretical solubility is approximately 22 g/100 mL of water (18 percent) at room temperature; however, its practical solubility use is closer to 3 percent. Decantation is advisable before use because of the excess insolubles present. Storage in a cool, dry area

27、is advisable, but storage periods should not exceed one year. Calcium hypochlorite can lose 310 percent available chlorine in one year. It is available in 3 lb to 5 lb (1.4 kg to 2.3 kg) cans, 2 lb to 9 lb (0.9 kg to 4.1 kg) plastic containers, and 100 lb (45.4 kg) steel drums, and in granular powde

28、r, granule, and tablet form. Solubility tests that determine both rate and percentage should be conducted with particular emphasis on testing the tablets. Approximately 0.125 lb/gal (15 g/L) of calcium hypochlorite to water produces a solution of approximately 1 percent available chlorine.Sodium hyp

29、ochlorite: 12 percent to 20 percent available chlorine. Other common names for sodium hypochlorite are bleach, liquor, chlorine water, and Javelle water. Sodium hypochlorite will undergo some decomposition over time. There are numerous parameters that affect the rate of decomposition (see The Chlori

30、ne InstitutePamphlet 96, Sodium Hypochlorite Manual).* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.The Chlorine Institute Inc., 1300 Wilson Blvd., Suite 525, Arlington, VA 22209.Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. vii

31、iTable F.1 Chlorine available in sodium hypochloriteAvailableChlorineg/LTrade %Available ChlorineChlorine Equivalentlb/galChlorine Equivalentkg/LGallons to Obtain1 lb ChlorineLiters toObtain1 kg Chlorine200 20.0 1.630 0.200 0.610 5.000160 16.0 1.333 0.160 0.752 6.250150 15.0 1.200 0.150 0.800 6.6671

32、20 12.0 1.000 0.120 1.000 8.33350 5.0 0.417 0.050 2.400 20.00010 1.0 0.083 0.010 12.000 100.000Sample calculation:12 trade percent available chlorine = 120 grams per liter (g/L) available chlorine120 g/L 3.785 L/gal 2.205 lb/1,000 g = 1 lb/gal available chlorineSodium hypochlorite is miscible in any

33、 proportion with water. It should be stored in a dark area where the temperature does not exceed 80F (27C). A 12 percent to 20 percent solution is still liquid at 0F (17.8C) but is a slush at 20F (28.9C). It is available in 5 gal and 13 gal (19 L and 49 L) carboys (glass or polyethylene), 30 gal (11

34、3.6 L) drums, and approximately 5,000 gal (18,926 L) tank trucks. The available chlorine content is as indicated in Table F.1.I.B. History. The original AWWA Standard for Hypochlorites, prepared for the AWWA Water Purification Division, was approved by the Executive Committee of the Water Purificati

35、on Division and by the Water Works Practice Committee and received approval by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 2, 1953. It was designated ANSI/AWWA B300-53T.The initial document was reaffirmed without revision on June 17, 1955, and the designation was changed from ANSI/AWWA B300-53T to ANSI/AWWA

36、 B300-55. Subsequent revisions were adopted on June 5, 1964; Jan. 26, 1975; June 15, 1980; and June 14, 1987. This standard was revised by the AWWA Standards Committee on Disinfectants, and ANSI/AWWA B300-99 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 20, 1999. Subsequent revisions were adop

37、ted on June 13, 2004 and Jan. 17, 2010. This edition was approved on March 30, 2018.I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards

38、and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ixand the Conference of State Health and Environmental

39、 Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.In the United States, all hypochlorites used in water disinfection are required to be registered with USEPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Ro

40、denticide Act (FIFRA). Individual states*and local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by USEPA. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two st

41、andards developed under the direction of NSF: NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects.Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their juris