ASTM F2194-2016e1 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles《摇篮和摇篮车的标准消费者安全规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2194 161Standard Consumer Safety Specification forBassinets and Cradles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected 2.3 in June 2016.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses infant bassinet and cradle incidentsidentif

3、ied by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).In response to the incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performancespecification attempts to minimize the following hazards: (1) suffocation, (2) tip over, (3) collapse, and(4) hood detachment. It also addresses corner pos

4、t extensions, which may catch pacifier cords, ribbons,necklaces, or clothing which a child may be wearing and which may be caught on a projection. Thisspecification does not cover products that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings pro

5、vided with each bassinet or cradle.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performancerequirements, test methods, and marking requirements topromote safe use of bassinets and cradles.1.2 This consumer safety performance specification is in-tended to minimize the risks of incidents to a

6、n infant resultingfrom normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of abassinet or cradle.1.3 This consumer safety performance specification coversproducts primarily intended to provide sleeping accommoda-tions for an infant up to approximately 5 months in age or whenthe child begins to push up on

7、hands and knees, whichevercomes first. Products used in conjunction with an inclinedinfant swing or stroller, or products that are intended to providean inclined sleep surface (head-to-toe direction) of greater than10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position arenot covered by this sp

8、ecification.1.3.1 RationaleThe addition of developmental criteriawas added to the 5-month age grade to accommodate varyingmotor skills in children.NOTE 1Cradle swings with an incline less than or equal to 10 fromhorizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are covered under thescope of this s

9、tandard. A sleep product that only has inclined sleepingsurfaces (intended to be greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest(non-rocking) position) does not fall under the scope of this standard. If aproduct can be converted to a bassinet/cradle use mode and meets thedefinition of a bassinet/c

10、radle found in 3.1.1 while in that mode, theproduct shall be included in the scope of this standard, when it is in thebassinet/cradle use mode. For example, strollers that have a carriage/bassinet feature are covered by the stroller/carriage standard when in thestroller use mode. Carriage baskets/ba

11、ssinets that are removable from thestroller base are covered under the scope of this standard when thecarriage basket/bassinet meets the definition of a bassinet/cradle found in3.1.1. Bassinet/cradle attachments to cribs or play yards, as defined in3.1.2 or 3.1.13, are included in the scope of the s

12、tandard when in thebassinet/cradle use mode.1.4 No bassinet or cradle produced after the approval date ofthis consumer safety performance specification shall, either bylabel or other means, indicate compliance with this specifica-tion unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 This

13、consumer safety performance specification is notintended to address incidents and injuries resulting fromalteration or unreasonable abuse or misuse of the product by achild or child care giver.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses ar

14、e mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion Section 7 of this consumer safety perfor-mance specification. This standard does not purport to addressall of the

15、 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onCon

16、sumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 onCribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved April 15, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2194 13a. DOI:10.1520/F

17、2194-16E01.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963

18、Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1220 Safety Standard for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous SubstancesAct Regulations Includ-ing Sections16 CFR 15

19、00.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 M

20、ethod for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts2.3 Other References:CAMI Dummy, MARK II (see Fig. 1)4CAMI Newborn Dummy (See Fig. 2)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 b

21、assinet/cradle, nsmall bed designed primarily toprovide sleeping accommodations for infants, supported byfree standing legs, a stationary base/stand, a wheeled base, arocking base, or a base which can swing relative to a stationarybase. While in a rest (non-rocking or swinging) position, abassinet/c

22、radle is intended to have a sleep surface less than orequal to 10 from horizontal.3.1.1.1 bassinet bed, nthe sleeping area of the bassinet/cradle, containing the sleep surface and side walls.3.1.1.2 false latch/lock visual indicator, na warning sys-tem using contrasting colors, lights, or other simi

23、lar meansdesigned to visually alert caregivers when a removable bassinetbed is not properly locked onto its base/stand.3.1.1.3 intended use orientationthe bassinet bed orienta-tion (that is, the position where the head and foot ends of the2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a

24、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washin

25、gton, DC 20401.4Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, RevisionII, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory,Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.5Drawing number

26、s 126-0000 through 126-0015 (sheets 1 through 3), 126-0017through 126-0027, a parts list entitled “Parts List for CAMI Newborn Dummy,” anda construction manual entitled, “Construction of the Newborn Infant Dummy” (July1992). Copies of the materials may be inspected at NHTSAs Docket Section 400Sevent

27、h Street, SW, Room 5109, Washington, DC, or at the Office of the FederalRegister, 800 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC.FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II 17.5 lb (7.9 kg)FIG. 2 CAMI Newborn Dummy 7.5 lb (3.4 kg)F2194 1612bassinet bed are located) with respect to the base/stand, asr

28、ecommended by the manufacturer for intended use.3.1.1.4 removable bassinet bed, na bassinet bed that isdesigned to separate from the base/stand without the use oftools. This definition does not include the play yard bassinet asdefined in 3.1.13.3.1.2 bassinet/cradle accessory, na supported sleep sur

29、-face that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert theproduct into a bassinet/cradle intended to have a sleep surfaceless than or equal to 10 from horizontal while in a rest(non-rocking or swinging) position.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible,when the bassinet/cradle

30、 is in a manufacturers recommendeduse position, to a person standing near the bassinet/cradle atany one position around the bassinet/cradle but not necessarilyvisible from all other positions.3.1.4 double action release mechanism, nmechanism re-quiring either two consecutive actions, the first of wh

31、ich mustbe maintained while the second is carried out or two separateand independent single action locking mechanisms that mustbe activated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.5 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated,extruded, or calendared flexible material that is intended to besewn, welded,

32、heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes positi

33、ons that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.7 mattress support rods/bars, ncomponent(s), typi-cally rods or bars, that provide added support between themattress support component and the mattress pad.3.1.8 maximum deflection ang

34、le, nthe maximum rock/swing angle measurement allowed by the product design in themanufacturers recommended use position in the mannernormally associated with rocking/swinging as intended by themanufacturer.3.1.9 mesh, nmesh may be either a woven fabric in whichthe warp and filling yarns are interla

35、ced, knitted fabric in whichthe wales and courses yarns are interlocked, or any other typeof fabric that may be developed that provides openings therein.3.1.10 non-paper label, nany label material (such asplastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of toolsor tears leaving a sharply

36、defined edge.3.1.11 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product thatis set up in one of the manufacturers recommended usepositions.3.1.12 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.13 play yard bassinet, nbassinet accessory usuallysuspended i

37、n the upper portion of the play yard and typicallyhas a folding or segmented mattress, or both.3.1.14 removable cover, na fabric cover encompassing therecommended sleeping area for the occupant of the product,that uses snaps, zippers, hook and loop, buttons or otherfasteners to attach to a bassinet/

38、cradle frame that requiresconsumer action as a step for removal or adjustment.3.1.15 rest angle, nthe resulting angle measurement of thebassinet/cradle sleeping surface after the maximum deflectionangle is applied and released and the product has come to acomplete rest.3.1.16 seam, nmeans for joinin

39、g fabric components, suchas sewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.3.1.17 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thic

40、k vinyl flooring cover,unless the test instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with a

41、mbienttemperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperaturerange.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.4.6 Angle measurements shall be obtained using a digitalinclinometer capable of 0.

42、1 minimum resolution.4.7 A force gauge with a minimum range of 0 to 25 lbf (110N), accuracy of 60.25 lb.5. General Requirements5.1 Lead in PaintsThe paint or surface coating on theproduct shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.2 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be nohazardous sharp points or edge

43、s as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this consumersafety specification.5.3 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed woo

44、d partsshall be smooth and free of splinters.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, or PinchingA product, when inthe manufacturers recommended use position shall be de-signed and constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupantfrom scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members orcomponents rotate about a com

45、mon axis, or fastening points,slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another.Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shallnot be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admit aF2194 1613probe that is greater than a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and less thana 0.375-in. (9.5

46、3-mm) diameter at any accessible pointthroughout the range of motion of such parts.5.6 Unintentional Folding:5.6.1 Products designed without latching or locking devicesmust remain in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon completion of the test, in accordance with7.5.1.5.6.2 Produ

47、cts designed with a single action release mecha-nism latching or locking devices must remain in the manufac-turers recommended use position during and upon completionof the test, in accordance with 7.5.2.5.6.3 Products with a double action release mechanismlatching or locking device shall require tw

48、o distinct andseparate actions for release of the mechanism.5.7 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots t

49、hatare between 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.2.1 7.2.3.5.8.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer