ASTM F625 F625M-1994(2011)e1 Standard Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems《泄洪控制系统水体分级的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: F625/F625M 94 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Practice forClassifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F625/F625M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, th

2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in October 2011.1. Scope1.1 This practice creates a system of categorie

3、s that classifywater bodies relating to the control of spills of oil and othersubstances that float on or into a body of water.1.2 This practice does not address the compatibility of spillcontrol equipment with spill products. It is the users respon-sibility to ensure that any equipment selected is

4、compatiblewith anticipated products.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two system

5、s may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of re

6、gulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 Recommended units of measure are given for each ofthe following definitions.2.1.2 air temperatureaverage or point temperature of theair measured at or near the ground or water surface, (C).2.1.3 currentaverage water velocity relat

7、ive to a referencepoint, (m/s).2.1.4 debrisany solid or semi-solid substance that couldinterfere with the operation of a spill control system.2.1.5 water depthmean vertical distance measured fromthe surface of the water to the top of the continuous solidsurface below at mean lower low water, (m).2.1

8、.6 water temperatureaverage or point temperature of awater body as measured within the top 300 mm 12 in., (C).2.1.7 wave height(significant wave height) the averageheight, measured crest to trough, of the one-third highestwaves, considering only short-period waves (that is, period lessthan 10 s), (m

9、).2.1.8 wave period(significant wave period) the averageperiod of the one-third highest waves, measured as the elapsedtime between crests of succeeding waves, (s).2.1.9 windthe air velocity measured at a height 10 metres33 ft above the ground or water, (m/s).3. Summary of Practice3.1 General environ

10、mental conditions for spill control sys-tems are grouped into four major types of water bodies (seeTable 1). Additional factors that may affect spill controloperations are listed in Section 5.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is to be used as a guide to classify waterbodies for spill control

11、systems. These classifications may beused in formulating standards for design, performance, evalu-ation, contingency and response planning, contingency andresponse plan evaluation, and standard practice for spill controlsystems.4.2 Relatively few parameters of broad range have beenused in Table 1 in

12、 order to enable the user to readily identifygeneral conditions under which spill control systems can beused.4.3 Satisfactory operation of any specific spill control sys-tems may not extend over the full range of conditions identifiedby Table 1. Detailed discussion with systems suppliers isrecommend

13、ed.4.4 Effective operation of oil spill control equipment de-pends on many factors, of which the prevailing environmentalconditions are just a few. Factors such as, but not limited to,deployment techniques, level of training, personnel perfor-mance, and mechanical reliability can also affect equipme

14、ntperformance.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous editi

15、on approved in 2006 as F625 94 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/F0625_F0625M-94R11E01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Use of Table5.1 Wave height is recognized as the primary variable indescribing marine environments for spill

16、control systems.Where currents are significant, the four water body types listedin Table 1 can be modified by appending “C”, as in “I-C”.5.2 In some situations, air temperature, water temperature,or presence of debris, or a combination thereof, may signifi-cantly affect the usage of Table 1 and shou

17、ld be considered.5.3 Other factors such as presence of salt water or silt, orboth, should be considered if significant.6. Keywords6.1 oil spill; oil spill control; water bodiesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item menti

18、onedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee a

19、nd must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting

20、of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo

21、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Perm

22、ission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Water Body ClassificationsTypeAWave Height,Bm ftExamples of GeneralConditionsCalm Water 0 to 0.3 0 to 1 small, short, non-breakingwavesProtected Water 0 to 1 0 to 3 small waves, somewh

23、itecapsOpen Water 0 to 2 0 to 6 moderate waves, frequentwhitecapsOpen Water(rough)2 6 large waves, foam crestsand some sprayAIf current is significant, approximately 0.4 m/s 0.8 knots or more, append “C”to the descriptor type, as“ I-C”.BSignificant wave height throughout. May include breaking waves. The ratio ofwave height to wave length should also be considered. The orientation of wavesto current direction should also be considered.F625/F625M 94 (2011)12