ASTM F541-2004e1 Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Eyebolts《合金钢有眼螺栓的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 541 04e1Standard Specification forAlloy Steel Eyebolts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 541; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind

2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTESections 2.2 and 3.1.9 were editorially revised in October 2006.1. Scope*1.1 This sp

3、ecification covers forged, quenched and tem-pered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved toughnessproperties and intended primarily for low temperature applica-tions. The eyebolts are chemically and metallurgically consti-tuted to produce a low transition temperature to minimizebrittle failure

4、. Maximum thread size is 2.500 in. (63.50 mm).1.2 The eyebolts are furnished in two types, as follows:1.2.1 Type 1Straight Shank Eyebolt.1.2.2 Type 2Shoulder Eyebolt.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Refe

5、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 574 Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head CapScrewsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE10 Test

6、 Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle ExaminationF 606 T

7、est Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance Inspection2.2 ASME Standards:3B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.15

8、Forged EyeboltsB18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-dard for B18 Fastener Products3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for eyebolts under this specification shall includethe following information to adequately describe the part:3.1.1 ASTM specification number and date of issue,3.1.2 Na

9、me of part (alloy steel eyebolts),3.1.3 Regular or shoulder pattern (8.1),3.1.4 Size (nominal diameter and threads),3.1.5 Number of pieces,3.1.6 Certification or test reports (if required) (13.1),3.1.7 Additional requirements (if required), and3.1.8 Supplementary requirements (if required).3.1.9 For

10、 establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting ProcessThe steel shall be made to a fine-grainpractice using a melting process yielding a product conformingto the requirements of this specification.4.2 ForgingEyebolts shall be forged without welds.

11、4.3 Heat TreatmentThe eyebolts shall be quenched andtempered in accordance with proper practice to yield a productconforming to the requirements of this specification.4.4 MachiningThe eyebolt shall be machined prior to orafter heat treatment at the manufacturers option.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Lim

12、itsThe eyebolts shall be manufactured from steelshaving a heat analysis conforming to the requirements in Table1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets, and Washers.Current ed

13、ition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 541 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa

14、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internatio

15、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Product Analysis:5.2.1 The purchaser reserves the right to conduct productanalyses on the finished eyebolts or request the manufacturer toconduct product analyses tests. The composition thus deter-mined shal

16、l conform to the requirements specified in Table 1subject to the product analysis tolerances.5.2.2 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6. Metallurgical Requirements Metallurgical Requirements6.1 Grain Size:6.1.1 RequirementsThe finish

17、ed eyebolts shall have anapparent heat-treated grain size of Test Methods E112No.5orfiner.6.1.2 SpecimenGrain size shall be rated on specimenstaken from the eyebolt after final heat treatment.6.1.3 Test MethodGrain size on the finished eyebolt shallbe determined in accordance with Test Methods E112.

18、6.2 Macroetch Test:6.2.1 RequirementWhen ground and etched, the crosssection of the eyebolt shall be free of injurious surface seams,internal cracks, pipe, segregation, and other imperfectionsdetrimental to the intended application.6.2.2 SpecimenMacroetch test specimens shall consist ofthe full tran

19、sverse cross section of a finished eyebolt shank.6.2.3 Test MethodMacroetch tests shall be performed inaccordance with Test Method E 340.6.3 Decarburization:6.3.1 RequirementThe depth of decarburization (total +partial), as measured on the eyebolts after heat treatment, shallnot exceed the requireme

20、nts in Table 2.6.3.2 SpecimenThe test specimens shall consist of theunmachined surface of the heat-treated eyebolts in an areawhere threads would normally be machined.6.3.3 Test MethodThe depth of decarburization shall bedetermined by metallographic etching. The edge of the speci-men shall be suitab

21、ly prepared to preserve the original surfaceand the sample shall then be polished for metallographicexamination. The section shall be etched in 4 % nital and thesamples examined under a microscope at 1003 using aneyepiece graduated in 0.001-in. (0.025-mm) increments. Themeasured depth of any light e

22、tched band shall be taken as thedecarburization depth.6.3.4 When the metallographic etch method of 6.3.3 fordecarburization renders results that are inconclusive, then themicrohardness traverse method of Specification A 574 shall beemployed. The depth of decarburization shall be denoted bythat radia

23、l depth where the hardness decrease is more than theequivalent of 3 points HRA, when compared to the averagemicrohardness of undecarburized locations beyond this site.The average microhardness of undecarburized locations of theeyebolt shall be determined for depths not exceeding 25 % ofits shank dia

24、meter.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Hardness:7.1.1 RequirementsThe eyebolts shall have a BrinellHardness of 197 to 248 (equivalent Rockwell B93 to 101).Hardness tests are subject to confirmation by tensile tests.7.1.1.1 In case of controversy, acceptance based on tensilerequirements shall take precede

25、nce over low readings ofhardness tests.7.1.2 SpecimensFor routine inspection, hardness testsshall be made on a properly prepared surface of the finishedeyebolt. For referee purposes tests shall be made on a trans-verse section through the threads one diameter from the end.7.1.3 Test MethodHardness t

26、ests shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods E10orE18, as applicable.7.2 Tensile Strength:7.2.1 RequirementTest specimens machined from fin-ished eyebolts shall conform to the tensile properties specifiedin Table 3.7.2.2 SpecimensEyebolts for tensile tests shall be selectedfrom the eyebolts s

27、ubjected to the hardness test to represent thehigh and low end of the hardness test results. The specimensshall be machined from the finished eyebolts whenever pos-sible. When the eyebolts are too small to remove machinedspecimens, they shall be taken from test coupons from thesame heat of steel, su

28、bjected to the same reduction, and heattreated with the eyebolts represented.7.2.3 Test MethodsTension tests shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods F 606.7.3 Breaking Strength:TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements, %Heat Analysis PermissibleVariation onProductAnalysis, Overor UnderCarbon, max 0.33 0

29、.02 overManganese 0.30 to 1.10 0.04Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.025 0.005 overSilicon 0.15 to 0.35 0.02Chromium, maxA0.90 0.05 overMolybdenumA0.10 to 0.60 0.02NickelA0.40 to 3.75 0.03AThe composition shall contain at least two of the elements shown.TABLE 2 Decarburization LimitsNomi

30、nal Size, In. Depth of Decarburization, Total + Partial, maxin. mm0.250 to 0.375 0.030 0.7620.4375 to 0.625 0.040 1.020.750 to 1.000 0.050 1.271.125 to 1.500 0.060 1.521.750 to 2.500 0.070 1.78TABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsTensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 95 000 (660)Yield strength, min (0.2 % offset)

31、,psi (MPa)70 000 to 100 000(485 to 690)Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min, % 22Reduction of area, min, % 55Brinell hardnessA197 to 248Rockwell B hardnessA93 to 101AHardness tests are subject to confirmation by tension tests.F54104e127.3.1 RequirementsThe eyebolt shall conform to thebreaking strength s

32、pecified in Table 4.7.3.2 SpecimensEyebolts for breaking strength tests shallbe selected from the eyebolts subjected to the hardness test torepresent the high and low end of the hardness test results. Theeyebolts shall be tested full size.7.3.3 Test MethodsThe breaking strength shall be deter-mined

33、by exerting an in-line pull upon the eyebolt which hashad its threaded shank screwed into a block and secured in onejaw of the testing machine. The eye shall be loaded by a roundsection no greater than 50 % of eye diameter and secured in theother jaw of the testing machine.7.4 Proof of Load:7.4.1 Re

34、quirementsThe eyebolts, when tested in accor-dance with Section 10, shall withstand the proof load specifiedin Table 4.7.4.2 SpecimensEyebolts for proof load tests shall beselected in accordance with 7.3.2 and may be the samespecimens used for the breaking strength tests.7.4.3 Test MethodsThe proof

35、load shall be defined as theload that can be applied without causing permanent deforma-tion exceeding 1.5 % when measured between punch markslocated across the diameter of the eye and 90 to the directionof the pull. The fixture for testing shall be as specified in 7.3.3.7.5 Impact:7.5.1 Requirements

36、:7.5.1.1 Eyebolts sufficiently large to remove full-size im-pact specimens shall have a Charpy V-notch impact strength of35 ftlbf (47.5 J) average minimum when tested at 40C(40F). The impact value shall be taken as the average ofthree specimens tested with not more than one value below 35ftlbf but i

37、n no case below 23 ftlbf (31.0 J).7.5.1.2 Subsize CharpyV-notch specimens shall be obtainedfrom eyebolts with section sizes not suitable for full sizestandard specimens. Impact strength shall be reported forinformation only. However, the fracture surface shall show afine-grain fibrous structure char

38、acteristic of a shear fracture.7.5.2 Test SpecimensEyebolts for impact tests shall beselected from the eyebolts subjected to the hardness test torepresent the high and low end of the hardness test results. Testspecimens shall conform to the standard 10 by 10-mm CharpyV-notch Type A specimen shown in

39、 Test Methods and Defini-tions A 370. Eyebolts too small for standard impact testspecimens shall be tested using the largest possible subsizesquare specimen with the standard 45 V-notch adjusted indepth to be proportional to the standard specimen.7.5.3 Test MethodImpact tests shall be made in accor-

40、dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370 at 40C(40F).7.6 Bend:7.6.1 RequirementsType 1 straight-shank eyebolts 1 in.diameter and smaller, when tested in accordance with Section10, shall withstand bending through 45 at room temperaturewithout visible ruptures in the threaded or unthreaded portio

41、nswhen examined at 103 magnification.7.6.2 SpecimensEyebolts for bend tests shall be selectedfrom the eyebolts subjected to the hardness test to represent thehigh and low end of the hardness test results.The eyebolts shallbe tested full size.7.6.3 Test MethodThe eyebolts shall be screwed into asteel

42、 block a minimum of one diameter to ensure bendingprimarily in the threaded section. Bending shall be accom-plished by pressure or blows.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 DimensionsThe dimensions of the eyebolts shall con-form to the requirements specified in the latest issue of B18.15,Typ

43、e 1 Regular Pattern, or Type 2 Shoulder Pattern, asspecified by the purchaser.8.2 ThreadsThe eyebolts shall be threaded. Threads shallconform to the Unified Coarse Thread Series as specified inB1.1, and shall have Class 2A tolerances.TABLE 4 Breaking Strength and Proof LoadNominal Size andNumber of

44、ThreadsTensionStressArea, in.2Breaking Strength, min Proof Load, minlb Mg lb Mg0.25020 0.0318 3 020 1.37 1 220 0.550.312518 0.0524 5 000 2.27 2 000 0.910.37516 0.0775 7 400 3.35 2 960 1.340.437514 0.1063 10 100 4.60 4 040 1.840.50013 0.1419 13 500 6.1 5 400 2.440.62511 0.226 21 500 9.8 8 600 3.920.7

45、5010 0.334 32 000 14.5 12 800 5.80.8759 0.462 44 000 20.0 17 600 8.01.0008 0.606 58 000 26.5 23 200 10.61.1257 0.763 72 000 32.5 28 800 13.01.2507 0.969 92 000 42.0 36 800 16.81.5006 1.405 133 000 60.0 53 200 24.01.7505 1.90 180 000 82 72 000 32.82.0004.5 2.50 238 000 108 95 200 43.22.5004 4.00 380

46、000 172 152 000 68.8F54104e139. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The eyebolts shall be descaled.9.2 The eyebolts shall be of uniform quality consistent withgood manufacturing and inspection practices. They shall befree of fins, cracks, seams, laps, nicks, pipe, segregation, roughsurfaces, and

47、other injurious internal or surface imperfectionswhich, due to their nature, degree, or extent, would make theeyebolts unsuitable for the intended use.9.3 Threads shall be undamaged upon the receipt of eye-bolts by the purchaser.10. Number of Tests10.1 General Requirements:10.1.1 The manufacturer sh

48、all make sample inspections ofevery lot of eyebolts to ensure that the properties of theeyebolts are in conformance with the requirements of thisspecification. All eyebolts shall be inspection tested prior toshipment in accordance with one of the two proceduresdescribed in 10.2 and 10.3. Unless othe

49、rwise specified by thepurchaser, the manufacturer shall have the option of whichprocedure will be followed when furnishing eyebolts to anysingle purchase order.10.1.2 The purpose of a lot inspection testing program is toensure that each lot conforms to the requirements of thespecification and that delivered eyebolts are free of knowndefects. For such a plan to be fully effective, it is essential thatfollowing delivery the purchaser continue to maintain theidentification and integrity of each lot until the product isre