ASTM F1776-2012 Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports《彩弹射击游戏用护眼装置的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation:F177610 Designation: F1776 12An American National StandardStandard Specification forEye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca

2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is the specification for eye, face, and head protective devices, or EHPD, to be used

3、in the sportof paintball. Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards. These hazards include beinghit by paintballs. Protective equipment cannot eliminate all injuries but will substantially reduce theirseverity and frequency. Participation in this sport by a player implies acc

4、eptance of injury risk. Thegoal of protective equipment is to minimize the risk of injury.Performance requirements are presented and are intended to minimize injury with minimalimpairment of the form and appeal of the sport. This specification is subject to revision as indicatedby subsequent injury

5、statistics.The impact requirements are designed to give eye, adnexa of eye, and head protection from paintballimpacts likely to be encountered under game conditions. While the EHPD also may protect the userfrom other potential impacts, such as running into tree branches, there are many conceivable i

6、mpacts,including falls from heights, which could exceed the specification and result in eye injury despite theuse of the EHPD.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to eye, face, and head protective devices, designed for use by players of the sport of paintball,which minimize or significantly reduce

7、 injury to the eye, adnexa of eye, face, and head due to paintball impact or penetration, orboth.1.2 EHPDs by nature provide three types of protection. The first type of protection is for the eyes and adnexa of eye and notnecessarily for any other parts of the face or head. The second type of protec

8、tion adds coverage for the ears and face. The thirdtype of coverage adds cranial coverage in addition to that provided to types II and III. These coverage types are defined in Section8.1.3 This specification does not limit the wearing of eyeglasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with the

9、 EHPD.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to esta

10、blish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1027C1027 Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic TileD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanc

11、e of Transparent PlasticsF803 Specification for Eye Protectors for Selected SportsF1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of PaintballF2272 Specification for Paintball Markers2.2 ANSI Standards:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and F

12、acilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.57 on EyeSafety for Sports.Current edition approved July 1, 2010.2012. PublishedAugust 2010.2012. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as F1776 109. DOI:10.1520/F1776-102.2For referencedASTM standards,

13、visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM st

14、andard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by A

15、STM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eyewear3ANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face

16、 Protectors32.3 Federal Standards:4No. 406No. 30222.4 CSA Standard:5CSA Z262.6 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adnexa, nadjunct parts of the eye, including the orbit, orbital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal appa

17、ratus.3.1.2 astigmatism, na condition in a lens that creates two axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.3 base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbala

18、nce that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an EHPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to converge.3.1.4 base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an EHPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, t

19、o diverge.3.1.5 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view that is shared by both eyes simultaneously.3.1.6 caliber, nthe term used to refer to the size of a paintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diameter of thepaintball.3.1.7 central viewing zone, nthat part of a lens that has it

20、s center in line with the wearers line of sight when looking straightahead.The zone is circular in shape. For the purpose of this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mm in diameter.The centerof the central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens

21、as mounted on the CSA adultheadform,5as specified by the manufacturer.3.1.8 cleanable, adjthe ability of an EHPD to be made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.9 corneal apex, nThe most anterior point of the

22、 cornea when the eye is in the primary position.3.1.10 coverage, nthose areas of the eye, face, and head as covered by the EHPD as defined in 8.3.3.1.103.1.11 definition, optical, nthe characteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discernedwhen looking throug

23、h the lens.3.1.113.1.12 dislodge, vremove or force an object from its original position.3.1.123.1.13 eye, nrelating to the eye of the headform or the eye of a person wearing an EHPD or that part of an EHPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.133.1.14 eye of the headform, nall structur

24、es contained within the orbital rim of the CSA headform.3.1.143.1.15 EHPD, ndevice that provides protection to the wearers eyes, face, and head against paintball impact or penetration,or both.3.1.153.1.16 haze, nthe fraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam that is not tr

25、ansmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.3.1.163.1.17 headform, nas utilized within this standard for the as-worn assessment of EHPDs, key dimensions of which are asprovided in CSA Z262.6.3.1.173.1.18 lens, ntr

26、ansparent part of an EHPD through which the wearer normally sees.3.1.17.13.1.18.1 DiscussionThe most common configurations for lenses are single pane and thermal double pane. Thermal doublepane lenses are usually constructed from a single pane lens which has a second clear airtight thermal barrier a

27、ffixed to it to reducethe effects of lens fogging. Some lenses also are treated with chemical solutions to reduce lens fogging.3.1.183Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Standardization Documen

28、ts Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.F1776 1223.1.19 lens retention component(s), ncomponents, separate from the lens, th

29、at are designed to retain the lens in the frame orbody of the EHPD.3.1.193.1.20 luminous transmittance, nluminous transmittance is a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted bythe corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard c

30、olorimetric observer andby the spectral intensity of standard Illumination C (see ANSI Z80.3).3.1.203.1.21 paintball, nspherical ball, comprised of a shell and a fill manufactured in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification F1979 and designed to be expelled from a paintball marker. 3.1.213.1

31、.22 paintball fragment, na part of the shell of the paintball that will not be surrounded completely bya3by5-mmrectangle.3.1.223.1.23 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed to discharge paintballs which conforms with Specification F2272.3.1.233.1.24 orbital area, nthe area contained in a ci

32、rcle r = 20-mm centered on the pupil of the headform.3.1.243.1.25 power imbalance, na condition that exists when the refractive power created by the right lens of the EHPD is differentfrom that of the left lens.3.1.253.1.26 prism, nthe angular deviation of a ray of light as it passes through a lens

33、resulting from the angle at which the raystrikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction of the material from which it is made.3.1.263.1.27 prism imbalance:3.1.26.13.1.27.1 horizontal imbalance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of a

34、nEHPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).3.1.26.23.1.27.2 vertical imbalance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes ofan EHPD in the vertical meridian.3.1.273.1.28 refractive power, nthe focusing effect of a lens expressed in

35、diopters.3.1.283.1.29 spherical power, nthe average of the maximum meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Optical Requirements:4.1.1 Field of ViewWhen tested in accordance with 6.1, the basic EHPD, without any accessories such

36、as a sun visor installed,shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding the following:4.1.1.1 Temporal Field50.4.1.1.2 Nasal Field30.4.1.1.3 Superior Field30.4.1.1.4 Inferior Field30.4.1.2 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the spherical power shall not be less than 0.37 diop

37、ters andshall not exceed +0.06 diopters.4.1.3 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.4.1.4 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians between the twoeyes for straight ahead seeing shall not

38、exceed 0.18 diopters.4.1.5 PrismWhen tested in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, the primary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall not exceed0.5 prism diopters.4.1.6 Prism ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the following criteria:4.1.6.1 Vertical

39、Imbalance, shall not exceed +0.25 diopters.4.1.6.2 Horizontal ImbalancesNegative values (base-in) shall not be less than 0.25 prism diopters, and positive values(base-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.4.1.7 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.3, the luminous transmit

40、tance shall not be less than 60 % forclear lenses and not less than 20 % for tinted lenses, unless labeled very dark in which case the minimum transmittance shall beno less than 8 %. All tinted lenses shall be labeled “Not for use in low light conditions.”4.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 6.5

41、, the haze of the EHPD lens shall not exceed 3 %.4.1.9 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone, striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that are apparent underF1776 123the optical inspection test conditions of 6.2 shall be considered a failure. An exception is when small specks or

42、inclusions, whichare not seen when the lens is held close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause of rejection.4.1.10 Physical Lens DefectsWithin the central viewing zone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, water marks, or otherdefects that are apparent under the visible in

43、spection test conditions of 6.7 shall be considered a failure. An exception that smallspecks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is held close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be cause ofrejection.4.2 Mechanical Requirements:4.2.1 When tested in accordance with Section 7: ,

44、the basic EHPD, without any accessories such as a sun visor installed:4.2.1.1 No contact by components of the EHPD or paintball fragments with the orbital area of the headform shall be permitted.4.2.1.2 Any visible fracture of the lens, frame, or EHPD constitutes a failure.4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of

45、the lens from the frame constitutes a failure.4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component from the EHPD constitutes a failure.4.2.1.5 Any dislodging of a component of the EHPD that would permit free passage and contact of a 5-mm diameter probe tothe orbital area of the headform constitutes

46、failure.4.2.1.6 Any contact of an intact paintball, on the portion of the headform protected by the EHPD, after said paintball penetratedor passed through the protective portion of the EHPD, constitutes failure.4.2.1.7 Any rotation of the headgear system in the headform that would permit free passag

47、e and contact of a 5-mm diameterprobe to the orbital area of the headform constitutes failure.5. Sample Preparation5.1 Eye and Head Protective Devices:5.1.1 Only new and complete EHPDs as offered for sale shall be tested.5.1.2 EHPDs shall be subjected to a single impact test.5.1.3 The EHPD shall be

48、conditioned for a minimum of4hatthespecified temperature prior to each test.5.2 Test Temperatures:5.2.1 Cold Test, 12.2C6 2C (10F 6 3.5F).5.2.2 Room Temp, 23C6 2C (73F 6 3.5F).5.2.3 Hot Test, 37.8C6 2C (100F 6 3.5F).5.3 Paintballs:5.3.1 All impact testing shall be done using 68 caliber paintballs ma

49、nufactured in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification F1979 . Paintballs shall be used for impact testing only after a sampling of paintballs taken from the bulk containerfall within the parameters specified in 5.3.3. The paintball bulk container shall be resealed immediately after each group ofpaintballs is removed. Paintball storage and nontest handling shall be done at a relative humidity below 55% and at a temperaturebetween 12.7 and 29C (55 and 85F). and obtained within 30 days of the testing d