ASTM F1776-2010 Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports《彩弹射击游戏用护眼装置标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1776 10An American National StandardStandard Specification forEye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is the specification for eye, face, and head protective devices, or EHPD, to be used in the sportof paint

3、ball. Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards. These hazards include beinghit by paintballs. Protective equipment cannot eliminate all injuries but will substantially reduce theirseverity and frequency. Participation in this sport by a player implies acceptance of injury ri

4、sk. Thegoal of protective equipment is to minimize the risk of injury.Performance requirements are presented and are intended to minimize injury with minimalimpairment of the form and appeal of the sport. This specification is subject to revision as indicatedby subsequent injury statistics.The impac

5、t requirements are designed to give eye, adnexa of eye, and head protection from paintballimpacts likely to be encountered under game conditions. While the EHPD also may protect the userfrom other potential impacts, such as running into tree branches, there are many conceivable impacts,including fal

6、ls from heights, which could exceed the specification and result in eye injury despite theuse of the EHPD.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to eye, face, and head protec-tive devices, designed for use by players of the sport ofpaintball, which minimize or significantly reduce injury to theeye,

7、adnexa of eye, face, and head due to paintball impact orpenetration, or both.1.2 EHPDs by nature provide three types of protection. Thefirst type of protection is for the eyes and adnexa of eye and notnecessarily for any other parts of the face or head. The secondtype of protection adds coverage for

8、 the ears and face. Thethird type of coverage adds cranial coverage in addition to thatprovided to types II and III. These coverage types are definedin Section 8.1.3 This specification does not limit the wearing of eye-glasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with theEHPD.1.4 The values st

9、ated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety

10、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1027 Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Re-sistance of Glazed Ceramic TileD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsF80

11、3 Specification for Eye Protectors for Selected SportsF1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport ofPaintballF2272 Specification for Paintball Markers2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglassesand Fashion Eyewear3ANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educati

12、onal Eyeand Face Protectors32.3 Federal Standards:4No. 406No. 30221This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.57 onEye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published Aug

13、ust 2010. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1776 09. DOI:10.1520/F1776-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

14、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn

15、: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.4 CSA Standard:5CSA Z262.6 Specifications for Facially Featured Head-forms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adnexa, nadjunct parts of the

16、eye, including theorbit, orbital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.3.1.2 astigmatism, na condition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians t

17、hat are 90 apart.3.1.3 base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through anEHPD, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-verge.3.1.4 base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light

18、passing through anEHPD, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge.3.1.5 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view that isshared by both eyes simultaneously.3.1.6 caliber, nthe term used to refer to the size of apaintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diam-eter of the

19、paintball.3.1.7 central viewing zone, nthat part of a lens that has itscenter in line with the wearers line of sight when lookingstraight ahead. The zone is circular in shape. For the purpose ofthis specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mm indiameter. The center of the central viewing zone

20、shall be thepoint of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on the CSA adult headform,5as specified by themanufacturer.3.1.8 cleanable, adjthe ability of an EHPD to be madereadily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of

21、 soap and water.3.1.9 coverage, nthose areas of the eye, face, and head ascovered by the EHPD as defined in 8.3.3.1.10 definition, optical, nthe characteristic of a lens thatallows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the lens.3.1.11 dislodge, vremove or

22、force an object from itsoriginal position.3.1.12 eye, nrelating to the eye of the headform or the eyeof a person wearing an EHPD or that part of an EHPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.13 eye of the headform, nall structures containedwithin the orbital rim of the CSA headform.3.1.

23、14 EHPD, ndevice that provides protection to thewearers eyes, face, and head against paintball impact orpenetration, or both.3.1.15 haze, nthe fraction of the total transmitted lightfrom a normally incident beam that is not transmitted in afocused condition but scattered by inclusions or surface de-

24、fects. Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.3.1.16 headform, nas utilized within this standard for theas-worn assessment of EHPDs, key dimensions of which are asprovided in CSA Z262.6.3.1.17 lens, ntransparent part of an EHPD through whichthe wearer normally sees.3.1.17.1 DiscussionThe

25、 most common configurations forlenses are single pane and thermal double pane. Thermaldouble pane lenses are usually constructed from a single panelens which has a second clear airtight thermal barrier affixed toit to reduce the effects of lens fogging. Some lenses also aretreated with chemical solu

26、tions to reduce lens fogging.3.1.18 lens retention component(s), ncomponents, sepa-rate from the lens, that are designed to retain the lens in theframe or body of the EHPD.3.1.19 luminous transmittance, nluminous transmittanceis a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weightedby the cor

27、responding ordinates of the photopic luminousefficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetricobserver and by the spectral intensity of standard IlluminationC (see ANSI Z80.3).3.1.20 paintball, nspherical ball, comprised of a shell anda fill manufactured in accordance with the requirem

28、ents ofSpecification F1979 and designed to be expelled from apaintball marker.3.1.21 paintball fragment, na part of the shell of thepaintball that will not be surrounded completely bya3by5-mm rectangle.3.1.22 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed todischarge paintballs which conforms with

29、Specification F2272.3.1.23 orbital area, nthe area contained in a circle r =20-mm centered on the pupil of the headform.3.1.24 power imbalance, na condition that exists whenthe refractive power created by the right lens of the EHPD isdifferent from that of the left lens.3.1.25 prism, nthe angular de

30、viation of a ray of light as itpasses through a lens resulting from the angle at which the raystrikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction ofthe material from which it is made.3.1.26 prism imbalance:3.1.26.1 horizontal imbalance, nthe difference in pris-matic deviation of incident pa

31、rallel light beams on the two eyesof an EHPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in andbase-out).3.1.26.2 vertical imbalance, nthe difference in prismaticdeviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyesof an EHPD in the vertical meridian.3.1.27 refractive power, nthe focusing effect

32、of a lensexpressed in diopters.3.1.28 spherical power, nthe average of the maximummeridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridionalastigmatic power of a lens.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Optical Requirements:4.1.1 Field of ViewWhen tested in accordance with 6.1,the basic EHPD, without any acc

33、essories such as a sun visorinstalled, shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding thefollowing:4.1.1.1 Temporal Field50.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.F1776 1024.1.1.2 Nasal Field30.4.1.1.3 Superior Fiel

34、d30.4.1.1.4 Inferior Field30.4.1.2 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 6.6, the spherical power shall not be less than 0.37diopters and shall not exceed +0.06 diopters.4.1.3 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 6.6,the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.4.1.4 Power Imbala

35、nceWhen tested in accordance with6.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians betweenthe two eyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18diopters.4.1.5 PrismWhen tested in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, theprimary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall notexceed 0.5 prism diopt

36、ers.4.1.6 Prism ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with6.4 or 6.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the followingcriteria:4.1.6.1 Vertical Imbalance, shall not exceed +0.25 diopters.4.1.6.2 Horizontal ImbalancesNegative values (base-in)shall not be less than 0.25 prism diopters, and positive values(ba

37、se-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.4.1.7 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 6.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than60 % for clear lenses and not less than 20 % for tinted lenses,unless labeled very dark in which case the minimum trans-mittance shall be

38、 no less than 8 %. All tinted lenses shall belabeled “Not for use in low light conditions.”4.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 6.5, the hazeof the EHPD lens shall not exceed 3 %.4.1.9 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone,striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that areappar

39、ent under the optical inspection test conditions of 6.2shall be considered a failure. An exception is when smallspecks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is heldclose to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause ofrejection.4.1.10 Physical Lens DefectsWithin the central view

40、ingzone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, water marks, orother defects that are apparent under the visible inspection testconditions of 6.7 shall be considered a failure. An exceptionthat small specks or inclusions, which are not seen when thelens is held close to the eye in the as-worn p

41、osition, shall notbe cause of rejection.4.2 Mechanical Requirements:4.2.1 When tested in accordance with Section 7:4.2.1.1 No contact by components of the EHPD or paintballfragments with the orbital area of the headform shall bepermitted.4.2.1.2 Any visible fracture of the lens, frame, or EHPDconsti

42、tutes a failure.4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame consti-tutes a failure.4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component fromthe EHPD constitutes a failure.4.2.1.5 Any dislodging of a component of the EHPD thatwould permit contact of a 5-mm diameter probe to the orbitalarea of t

43、he headform constitutes failure.4.2.1.6 Any contact of an intact paintball, on the portion ofthe headform protected by the EHPD, after said paintballpenetrated or passed through the protective portion of theEHPD, constitutes failure.4.2.1.7 Any rotation of the headgear system in the headformthat wou

44、ld permit contact of a 5-mm diameter probe to theorbital area of the headform constitutes failure.5. Sample Preparation5.1 Eye and Head Protective Devices:5.1.1 Only new and complete EHPDs as offered for saleshall be tested.5.1.2 EHPDs shall be subjected to a single impact test.5.1.3 The EHPD shall

45、be conditioned for a minimum of 4 hat the specified temperature prior to each test.5.2 Test Temperatures:5.2.1 Cold Test, 12.2C6 2C (10F 6 3.5F).5.2.2 Room Temp, 23C6 2C (73F 6 3.5F).5.2.3 Hot Test, 37.8C6 2C (100F 6 3.5F).5.3 Paintballs:5.3.1 All impact testing shall be done using 68 caliberpaintba

46、lls manufactured in accordance with the requirementsof Specification F1979. Paintballs shall be used for impacttesting only after a sampling of paintballs taken from the bulkcontainer fall within the parameters specified in 5.3.3. Thepaintball bulk container shall be resealed immediately aftereach g

47、roup of paintballs is removed. Paintball storage andnontest handling shall be done at a relative humidity below55 % and at a temperature between 12.7 and 29C (55 and85F).5.3.2 Paintballs used for impact testing shall be conditionedin a sealed packet (bag) for at least 4 h at the specifiedtemperature

48、 for each test. Impact testing shall be completedwithin 3 min after removal of the paintballs from theirtemperature conditioning atmosphere.5.3.3 Burst Strength TestDrop 100 paintballs, individu-ally, from a height of 2.44 m (8 ft) onto a clean smooth glazedceramic tile of appropriate size with a su

49、rface abrasion ratingof class three based upon the PEI rating scale, tested accordingtoTest Method C1027.At least three but no more than 25 of the100 paintballs shall break. Discard the unbroken paintballs.TEST METHODS6. Optical Test Methods6.1 Field of View (Angle of Vision):6.1.1 PurposeThis test method is intended to determinethe relative unobstructed angle visually available to the user.With the EHPD mounted on the standard headform, the pole ofthe cornea shall be visible to an observer when sighted from t