ASTM F1505-2007 Standard Specification for Insulated and Insulating Hand Tools《绝缘手工工具用标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1505 07Standard Specification forInsulated and Insulating Hand Tools1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the testing of insulated andinsulating hand tools used for working on, or in close proxim-ity to, energized electrica

3、l apparatus or conductors operating atmaximum voltage of 1000 V ac or 1500 V dc.1.2 The use and maintenance of these tools are beyond thescope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.

4、1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the testmethod portion only, Section 7, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety

5、and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.5 This specification does not purport to address all of thesafety problems associated with the use of tools on, or in closeproximity to, energized electrical apparatus.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standa

6、rds:2D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials2

7、.2 ASME/ANSI Standards:3ASME B107 Series on Hand Tools and AccessoriesASME B18.3-2002 Socket Cap, Shoulder, Set Screws, Hexand Spline Keys2.3 IEC Standard:4IEC 60900:2004 Live Working Hand tools for use up to1000 V ac and 1500 V dc2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 1174-1:1996 Assembly tools for screws and nuts

8、Driving SquaresPart 1: Driving squares for hand sockettoolsISO 5744:2004 Pliers and nippersMethods of test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 insulated hand tools, nthose covered with insulatingmaterial in order to protect the user from electric shock and tominimize the risk of short circuits betwee

9、n parts at differentpotentials.3.1.2 insulating hand tools, nthose made predominantlyof insulating material, except for metal inserts at the workinghead or active part or used for reinforcement but with noexposed metal parts. In either case, to protect the user fromelectric shocks, as well as, to pr

10、event short-circuits betweenexposed parts at different potentials.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance test, na contractual test to prove to thecustomer that the device meets certain conditions of itsspecification.3.2.2 formation of lots or batches, nthe product is as-

11、sembled into identifiable lots, sub-lots, batches, or in suchother manner as may be prescribed. Each lot or batch, as far aspracticable, consists of units of product of a single type, grade,class, size, and composition, manufactured under essentiallythe same conditions and essentially the same time.

12、3.2.3 routine test, na test to which each individual deviceis subjected during or after manufacture to ascertain whether itcomplies with certain criteria.3.2.4 sampling test, na test on a number of devices takenat random from a batch.3.2.5 type test, na test of one or more devices made to acertain d

13、esign to show that the design meets certain specifica-tions.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.35 on Tools 23 6 5C, relative humidity 45 to 75 %.7.1.6 Unless otherwise s

14、tated, deviations of 5 % from anytest values required are permissible.7.1.7 All tools that have failed the test shall be eitherdestroyed or rendered unsuitable for use in live working. Thisalso applies to any other tools from the batch unless the test isnondestructive. In this case, all tools shall

15、be tested.7.2 Visual and Dimensional Check:7.2.1 VisualThe tool and insulation shall be visuallychecked and shall be determined to be free from externaldefects. The marking shall be checked for legibility andcompleteness in accordance with 5.6.7.2.2 DimensionalCheck the dimensions in accordancewith

16、Section 5.7.3 Impact Test:(a) Insulation of Pliers(b) Insulation of KnivesNOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.NOTE 2a = insulated handle or leg,b = guard,c = working head (not insulated), andd = distance between the inner edge of the guard and thenon-insulated part.FIG. 3 (a and b) Illustrations of Insu

17、lation of Pliers and Knives(see 5.3.1, 5.3.2 and 5.4)F15050757.3.1 Perform the test in accordance with one of the twoalternatives shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11. The hardness of thehammer shall be at least 20 HRC.7.3.2 Select at least three points of the insulating material orinsulating layer as testi

18、ng points, these being points that couldbe damaged when the tool drops on a flat surface.7.3.3 The test is passed if the insulating material shows nobreaks, exfoliation, or cracks penetrating the insulating layer ofthe insulated tool, or are likely to reduce the solidity of theinsulating tool.7.3.4

19、Ambient Temperature Test:7.3.4.1 Test the tool at the ambient temperature (23 6 5C)of the test room.7.3.4.2 Determine the fall height H as a function of itsweight, P, so that the energy, W, of impact on the tool to betested shall be equal to that of this tool falling from a height of2 m onto a hard

20、surface:H 5 W! / P! 5 2 3 F! / P! (1)where:H = fall height of the hammer, m,F = weight of the tool tested, N, andP = weight of the hammer, N.7.3.5 Low-Temperature Test:7.3.5.1 Condition the tool by placement in a cooling cham-berfor2hat256 3C.7.3.5.2 The impact test shall take place within 2 min aft

21、erremoval from the cooling chamber. The ambient temperatureshall be 23 6 5C. The impact test shall be carried outaccording to 7.3.4.2.7.3.6 Extreme Low Temperature Test:7.3.6.1 The tool shall be conditioned by placement in acooling chamber for2hat40C 6 3C.7.3.6.2 The impact test shall take place wit

22、hin 2 min afterremoval from the cooling chamber. The ambient temperatureshall be 23 6 5C.7.3.6.3 Determine the fall height H as a function of itsweight, P, so that the energy, W, of the impact on the tool to betested shall be equal to that of the tool falling from a height of0.6 m onto a hard surfac

23、e.H 5 W!/P! 5 0.6 3 F!/P! (2)where:H = fall height of the hammer, m,F = weight of the tool tested, N, andP = weight of the hammer, N.NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetresFIG. 4 Example for Insulation of the Handles of Multiple-Position, Adjustable and Slip-Joint Pliers (see 5.3.3)F15050767.4 Dielectric Te

24、st Conditioning Before TestingConditionthe tools by total immersion in a bath of tap water at roomtemperature (23 6 5C) for a period of 24 6 0.5 h.7.4.1 In the case of tools capable of being field assembled,the water immersion shall be replaced by a storage at a relativehumidity between 91 % and 95

25、% at a temperature of 23 6 5Cfor 48 h. Tools shall not be assembled prior to conditioning.NOTE 3This humidity may be obtained by storage in a closedchamber which contains a saturated solution of sodium sulfate decahy-drate Na2SO4 10H2O (Glaubers salt) having a large exposed surface.7.4.2 After this

26、conditioning, wipe the tools dry and submitto the dielectric tests:7.4.3 Insulated ToolsImmerse the sample tool with itsinsulated part in a bath of tap water to a level of 24 6 2mm(1 6116 in.) from the nearest non-insulated part. The conduc-tive part shall be above water level (see Fig. 12).7.4.3.1

27、Test pliers and similar tools in such a position thatthe gap “d” between the two inner sides of the insulatedhandles is 2 to 3 mm (116 to18 in.), or the minimum possibleby the tools construction, but not less than 2 mm (116 in.) (seeFig. 12).7.4.3.2 For tools capable of being field assembled, replac

28、ethe water bath with a bath of 3 mm (18 in.) diameter nickelstainless steel balls measured with normal industrial tolerances.7.4.3.3 Continuously apply a voltage of 10 kV (rms) atcommercial power frequencies for 3 min and measure theleakage current. This current shall be less than 1 mA for 200mm (8

29、in.) of coated tool. This corresponds to a maximumvalue of the leakage current of: I =5Lwhere:I = leakage current rounded to the upper value, mA, andL = coated developed length in m (rounded to the lowervalue in centimeters).NOTE 4Appendix X1 gives examples of calculations of the developedlength of

30、coating and the limits of acceptable leakage current.7.4.3.4 Test tools capable of being field assembled in allpossible variations. Test tools with holding devices on both endpositions, if applicable. The test is considered passed if noelectrical puncture, sparkover, or flashover occurs during thete

31、st period, and the limits of the leakage current are notexceeded.7.4.3.5 Dielectric Tests of Tools Capable of Being As-sembled with Square Drives (see 4.10.3)In case of toolscapable of being assembled with square drives, the tools can betested in separate parts, if the parts are assembled withdummie

32、s described in Fig. 13. The dimensions and tolerancesof the dummies shall be in accordance with Table 2. Dummypart 1 shall be assembled with female tool ends and dummypart 2 with male tool ends. On all single parts tested withdummies, the dielectric testing on the complete assembly is notrequired. T

33、he test shall be considered successful if no electricalpuncture, sparkover or flashover occurs during the test period,and if the limits of leakage current are not exceeded.7.4.4 Insulating ToolsDielectric Test Between the WorkingHead and the Handle (or Handles):7.4.4.1 Tools having a metallic workin

34、g head shall be testedin accordance with 7.4.3.NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetresFIG. 5 Illustration of Insulation of Pliers and Nippers for Electronics (see 5.3.4)F15050777.4.4.2 Tools Having No Exposed Metal PartsThe pur-pose of this test is to check the dielectric quality of the materialused for the

35、 handles. Electrodes (see Fig. 14) of conductivetape, foil, or conductive paint 5-mm (316-in.) wide are placedon the surface of the handles at 24 6 2-mm (1516 6116-in.)spacing.7.4.4.3 A voltage of 10 kV rms at commercial powerfrequencies shall be continuously applied for 3 min in accor-dance with Te

36、st Method D 149 between each adjacent elec-trode. Measure the leakage current. The test is successful if noelectrical puncture or flashover occurs during the test period,and if the leakage current measured is less than 0.5 mAmultiplied by the number of spaces between the electrodes.7.5 Indentation T

37、ests (for Insulated Tools):7.5.1 All parts of the insulated coating electrically tested inaccordance with 7.4 shall pass this test. Perform the test on themost vulnerable part(s) for screwdrivers with insulated blades,and for other tools, at the external middle part of the handles.7.5.2 If the radiu

38、s, r, at the test point is greater than or equalto 10 mm (38 in.), make the test with a test device inl = total length of the tweezersg = length of the handle (grip)b = width of the guardh = height of the guarde = insulated part of the handle between the guard and the working headu = uninsulated par

39、t of the working headFIG. 6 Example for Insulation of the Handles of Tweezers (see 5.5)NOTE 1The specific markings and the order of the markings may varydepending on the product.FIG. 7 Example of Markings on Insulating Materials, Consistingof (see 5.6.2): The double triangle symbol, the voltage rati

40、ng forthe tool, an example of a manufacturers date code (YR:WK), thelow temperature (40C) symbol, and the relevant ASTM standardNOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.NOTE 2For the symbol, the exact ratio of the height of the figure tothe base of the triangle is 1.43. For the purpose of convenience, this r

41、atiocan be between the values of 1.4 and 1.5.FIG. 8 Suitable for Live Working Symbol: Double Triangle withVoltage Indication (see 5.6.3)F1505078accordance with Fig. 15(a) in a heating chamber with naturalventilation. The part of the mass, m, that contacts the test pieceshall be a stainless steel hem

42、ispheric nose piece of 5-mm(316-in.) diameter. The applied force F shall be 20 N (4.5 lbf).7.5.3 If the radius, r, at the test point is less than 10 mm (38in.), use a rod of 4-mm (316-in.) diameter at least 30-mm(1316-in.) length with the same force, F, of 20 N (4.5 lbf) placedat right angles to the

43、 tool axis (see Fig. 15(b).7.5.4 Position the tool in such a way that the insulatingmaterial coating at the test point is in a horizontal position.After setting up the testing device, hold the arrangement inaccordance with Practice D 618 (2hsol70Csol20 %). Atthe end of the heating time and after a c

44、ooling period outsidethe chamber of 5 min, apply a voltage of 5 kV rms atcommercial power frequencies continuously between the test-ing device and the conductive part of the tool for 3 min inaccordance with Test Method D 149. The test is successful ifno electrical puncture, sparkover, or flashover o

45、ccurs duringthe test period.7.6 Test for Adhesion of the Insulating Material Coating forInsulated Tools:7.6.1 ConditioningCondition the tools before the test in aheating chamber with normal ventilation at a temperature of 706 3C for 168 h in accordance with Test Method D 149.Perform the following te

46、sts at room temperature between thethird and fifth minute after removal from the heating chamberin accordance with Practice D 618.7.6.2 Test on the Working HeadMake the test on thefollowing tools: wrenches, that is, open-end, box-end, andadjustable wrenches; any other tool with a covered workinghead

47、; and, tools capable of being assembled, except for piecesacting as screwdrivers. The test may be carried out using eithermethod in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 respectively.7.6.2.1 Test Method A (see Fig. 16)Place a hook having acutting edge of 5-mm (316-in.) width in such a manner that itdoes not touch the

48、 conductive part. Apply a force, F,of50N(11.25 lbf) in the direction of the line dividing the insulatingmaterial coating from the conductive part for 3 min.7.6.2.2 Test Method B (see Fig. 17)Place a device havingthe cutting edges, each of 5-mm (316-in.) width, on the workinghead in such a manner tha

49、t they do not touch the conductivepart.Apply a force, F, of 100 N (22.4 lbf) in the direction of thedividing line of the insulating material coating and the con-ductive part for 3 min.7.6.2.3 Either test is considered passed if the insulatingmaterial coating does not move more than 3 mm (18 in.) fromits initial location on the conductive part, and if there is nobreakage of the insulating material.7.6.3 Test on the Insulation of the Blade of Screwdrivers:7.6.3.1 Perform the test on a screwdriver with the testin