ASTM D1622-2003 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics《硬质泡沫塑料表观密度的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 1622 03Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1622; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thes

3、tandard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic

4、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1ISO 845 is technically equivalent to this test method.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 845 Cellular Plastics and Rubbe

5、rsDetermination ofApparent (Bulk) Density33. Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 apparent core density (of a cellular plastic)theweight in air per unit volume of a sample, after all formingskins have been removed.3.1.2 apparent overall density (of a cellular plastic)

6、theweight in air per unit volume of a sample, including all formingskins.3.1.3 When density or apparent density is used in referenceto a cellular plastic, without further qualification, it shall beinterpreted as follows:3.1.3.1 densityshall be interpreted as being the apparentoverall density if the

7、material is to be used with forming skinsintact.3.1.3.2 densityshall be interpreted as the apparent coredensity if the forming skins have been, or will be, removedbefore the material is used.4. Significance and Use4.1 If the material to be tested includes forming skins, theapparent overall density,

8、or the apparent core density, or both,shall be determined. If the material does not have formingskins, the term overall density is not applicable.4.2 This test method is also applicable to spray foammaterials.4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shallbe made to the specification of

9、 the material being tested, ifavailable. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimen-sions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered inthe materials specification shall take precedence over thosementioned in this test method. If there are no materialspecifications, then the defa

10、ult conditions in this method apply.5. Apparatus5.1 Analytical Balance or Scale, capable of weighing thespecimens to the nearest 60.1 %.5.2 Micrometer Dial Gage, Caliper, or Steel Rule, suitablefor measuring dimensions of the specimen to 60.1 %.5.3 Dual Component Spray Equipment, designed to meterth

11、e materials.6. Test Specimen6.1 The specimen shall be of a shape whose volume can bereadily calculated, and not less than 16.4 cm31.0 in.3involume.6.2 If the sample is a single object whose weight andvolume can be measured accurately, the total weight and totalvolume may be used to determine the sam

12、ple density. In thiscase, the test specimen is the entire sample.6.3 When testing spray foam materials, specimens shall beprepared as follows:6.3.1 Test specimens shall be taken from finished foamsamples that have been sprayed from compounds in accordancewith 6.3.2.6.3.2 The sample compounds should

13、be sprayed at roomtemperature of between 20 to 24C, unless agreed upon by thecontractual parties. Spray equipment shall be adjusted to the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular MaterialsPlastics

14、 and Elastomers.Current edition approved November 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 1622 - 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo

15、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Interna

16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.best spray pattern and optimum performance. Spray apply aminimum 1.27-cm 12-in. layer of foam to a 0.95-cm by63.5-cm by 63.5-cm 38-in. by 24-in. by 24-in. primedplywood base or other suitable substrate. After

17、 a minimum of5 min, spray apply a second layer of 3.8 cm 112 in.6.3.3 Cut a 2.54-cm 1-in. thick specimen from the secondlayer. For calculation of core density, remove the bottom layerand the top skin. For calculation of the apparent overall density,cut a specimen that includes the forming skin.6.4 I

18、f separate test specimens are cut from the sample, aminimum of three shall be used. The specimens shall be takenfrom locations distributed throughout the sample.6.5 When apparent overall density is determined usingspecimens cut from a larger sample, the ratio of forming skinarea to total volume shal

19、l be the same for the test specimens asfor the sample.7. Conditioning7.1 Unless specified by the contract or relevant materialspecification, condition the test specimens at 23 6 2C73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 24 h prior to the test.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in t

20、he standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the materialspecification or by contractual agreement.8. Number of Specimens8.1 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested, unlessthe entire sample is measured as a single specimen

21、 (see Section6).9. Procedure9.1 Weigh the test specimen on a balance or scale to aprecision of 60.1 %.9.2 Measure specimens with a caliper or a dial-type gagehaving a foot with a minimum area of 6.5 cm21 in.2. Hold thepressure of the dial foot to 2.7 6 0.7 kPa 0.4 6 0.1 psi, unlesssuch pressure inde

22、nts the specimen. In these cases the pressureshall be reduced accordingly. When a sliding caliper gage isused, the proper setting shall be that point at which themeasuring faces of the gage contact the surfaces of thespecimen without compressing them. Do not use a steel rule fordimensions less than

23、25 mm 1 in. Measure all dimensions toa precision of 60.1 %. In general, three measurements shall bemade of each dimension. A lesser number may be made whenthe following conditions apply:Measurementsper DimensionMaximum AllowedCross-Sectional AreaPerpendicular toMeasured DimensionMaximum AllowedLengt

24、h of LongestPerpendicularDimension125cm24 in.2 10 cm 4 in.2 100 cm216 in.2 30 cm 12 in.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the density to three significant figures asfollows:D 5WsVwhere:D = density of specimen, kg/m3,Ws= weight of specimen, kg, andV = volume of specimen, m3.NOTE 2To obtain density in g/cm

25、3, divide D by 1000. To obtaindensity in lb/ft3, divide D by 16.10.2 See Appendix X1 for a density calculation that correctsfor the buoyant effect of air.NOTE 3The air buoyancy effect will vary with time and depends onthe open-cell content of the foam. Highly open-celled materials areessentially air

26、-filled and will not exhibit the buoyant effects of air.However, freshly produced closed-cell materials are essentially air-voidand will exhibit maximum buoyant effects of air. An additional 1.22 kg/m30.076 lb/ft3 would be added to the density of an air-void specimen if thecorrection is used.10.3 Ca

27、lculate the standard deviation (estimated) as followsand report it to two significant figures:s 5SX22 nX2n 2 1or s 5 SX22 nX2!/n 2 1!#1/2where:s = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single observation,n = number of observations, andX = arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11

28、.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Complete description of material tested, includingtype, source, code numbers, form, etc.,11.1.2 Conditioning procedure used if different from thatspecified in Section 7,TABLE 1 Within-Laboratory and Between-Laboratory Estimate ofPrecision Based on Round-Rob

29、in Testing Data for D 1622 83Material Nominal Density AverageValues, kg/m3SrASRBIrCIRDM1 38 37.51 0.42 0.56 1.18 1.58M2 50 49.63 0.30 0.46 0.86 1.31M3 24 26.03 0.14 0.66 0.40 1.88M4 21 20.79 0.59 1.11 1.58 3.14ASris the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.BSRis the between-laboratori

30、es standard deviation of the average.CIr= 2.83 Sr.DIR= 2.83 SR.TABLE 2 Within-Laboratory and Between-Laboratory RelativePrecision Based on Round-Robin Testing Data for D 1622 83MaterialNominalDensity,kg/m3Average,kg/m3Values Expressed as Percent of the AverageVrAVRBVIrCVIRDM1 38 37.51 1.12 1.49 3.17

31、 4.22M2 50 49.63 0.60 0.93 1.70 2.53M3 24 38.03 0.50 2.35 1.42 6.65M4 21 20.79 2.84 5.34 8.04 15.11AVris the within-laboratory coefficient of variation of the average.BVRis the between-laboratories coefficient of variation of the average.CVIr= 2.83 Vr.DVIR= 2.83 VR.D 1622 03211.1.3 Number of specime

32、ns tested if different from thatspecified in Section 8,11.1.4 Density, average value, and standard deviation, and11.1.5 Date of test.11.2 Unless otherwise stated, the density is assumed to bethe density calculated as defined in 10.1.12. Precision and Bias412.1 Precision:12.1.1 Tables 1 and 2 are bas

33、ed on a round-robin conductedin 1982 in accordance with Practice E 691, involving fourmaterials tested by five laboratories. For each material, all thesamples were prepared at one source, but the individualspecimens were prepared at the laboratories that tested them.Each test result was the average

34、of five individual determina-tions. Each laboratory obtained one test result for each mate-rial.12.1.2 Concept of Irand IRWarningThe followingexplanations of Irand IR(12.1.2-12.1.5) are only intended topresent a meaningful way of considering the approximateprecision of this test method. The data in

35、Tables 1 and 2 shouldnot be rigorously applied to the acceptance or rejection ofmaterial, as those data are specific to the round-robin and maynot be representative of other lots, conditions, materials orlaboratories. Users of this test method should apply theprinciples outlined in Practice E 691 to

36、 generate data specificto their laboratory and materials, or between specific laborato-ries. The principles of 12.1.2-12.1.5 would then be valid forsuch data.If Srand SRhave been calculated from a large enough bodyof data, and for test results that were averages (medians/otherfunction) from testing

37、five specimens:12.1.3 Repeatability (Ir)Comparing two test results forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day, the two test results should bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the Irfor thatmaterial.12.1.4 Reproducibility (IR)Comparing

38、two test results forthe same material, obtained by different operators using differ-ent equipment on different days, the two test results should bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the IRvaluefor that material.12.1.5 Any judgment made in accordance with 12.1.3 and12.1.4 would have an

39、 approximate 95 % (0.95) probability ofbeing correct.12.2 The precision has not been determined for the testmethod specific to spray foam materials.12.3 BiasBias is systematic error that contributes to thedifference between a test result and a true (or reference) value.There are no recognized standa

40、rds on which to base an estimateof bias for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 apparent core density; apparent density; apparent over-all density; density; rigid cellular plastics; spray foamAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DENSITY CALCULATION USING A CORRECTION FOR THE BUOYANT EFFECT OF AIRX1.1

41、 Calculate the density to three significant figures asfollows:D 5$Ws1 Wa!/V%where:D = density of specimen, kg/m3,Ws= weight of specimen, kg,Wa= weight of displaced air, kg, calculated by multiplyingthe volume of the specimen in cubic metres by thedensity of air at atmospheric temperature and pres-su

42、re. (The density of air at 23C and 760 mm Hg ofpressure = 1.22 kg/m30.076 lb/ft3), andV = volume of specimen, m3.X1.2 The error associated with the density not using thecorrection for the buoyant effect of air is dynamic andapproaches zero as air infiltrates into a sample. Thus, the valueof Wais zer

43、o in the above calculation when the sample is atequilibrium with the air. In this case the calculation for densityis identical to the calculation in 10.1.4Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D20-1105.D 1622 033SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of se

44、lected changes to this test method. For the convenience of the user,Committee D20 has highlighted those changes that may impact the use of this test method. This section may alsoinclude descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.D 1622 03:(1) Revised to remove passive language t

45、hroughout.(2) Revised to remove unrealistic conditioning and measure-ment tolerances.(3) Changed the number of measured specimens from five tothree.D 1622 98:(1) The health and safety caveat was updated.(2) Significance and Use section was revised to referencematerial specifications.(3) Conditioning

46、 section wording was revised.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof inf

47、ringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this stand

48、ard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your vi

49、ews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1622 034