[外语类试卷]职称英语（理工类）A级模拟试卷38及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 2 The hotel tries to meet the diverse needs of its customers. （ A） various （ B） indi

2、fferent （ C） many （ D） typical 3 Its no using trying to speak to her this morning: shes in a mood. （ A） bad-tempered （ B） fierce （ C） unhappy （ D） very angry 4 Because he wore a strange collection of clothes and often talked to himself his neighbours considered him eccentric. （ A） ecstatic （ B） ener

3、getic （ C） exotic （ D） peculiar 5 Theres nothing at all on this piece of paper. Its completely blank. （ A） empty （ B） unoccupied （ C） white （ D） free 6 We in Japan keep an eye out for our self-interest. （ A） look at （ B） look up （ C） look back （ D） look out 7 Thursday, the terrible noise was substit

4、uted by the grim, steady hum of search and recovery. （ A） replaced （ B） expired （ C） returned （ D） restored 8 My grandfather would sit for hours on end staring out of the window at the mountains. （ A） before nightfall （ B） continued （ C） without a break （ D） outside 9 France has kept intimate links

5、with its former African territories. （ A） private （ B） friendly （ C） strong （ D） secret 10 There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt. （ A） result （ B） judgement （ C） estimation （ D） event 11 Thousands of people perished in the storm. （ A） died （ B） suffered （ C

6、） floated （ D） scattered 12 The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. （ A） delayed （ B） quick （ C） positive （ D） unfavorable 13 The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman. （ A） wept （ B） cried （ C） ran （ D） shook 14 For some obscure reason,

7、the simple game is becoming very popular. （ A） obvious （ B） major （ C） unclear （ D） minor 15 The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away. （ A） hot （ B） heavy （ C） fresh （ D） windy 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；

8、如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Hydroponics, the science of growing plants, in water or inert substances, represents one of the most innovative practices in modern agricultural development. Not only does it allow greater of the plant growth process, it permits the production of crops in h

9、ostile infertile environments. The first widely publicized soilless gardening experiments were conducted during the 1930s. W. F. Gericke varied nutrient levels among specimens suspended in a gravel substrate (沙砾基质 ) to demonstrate remarkable alterations in growth. Among the findings that amazed his

10、fellow horticulturists was the production of tomato plants over 6 meters high. The original hydroponics gardens merely consisted of plants floating in water. It was later discovered that the roots could survive in a number of media, as long as they were supplied with sufficient moisture, nutrients a

11、nd oxygen. A variety of materials are used in recent versions including gravel, sand, peat, sawdust, plastics and so on. Indeed, one of the most productive methods involves suspending plants in air with a Styrofoam support and spraying them occasionally with nutrient solution to keep them moist. Man

12、y different kinds of materials are suitable for physically containing plants, yet all of these systems share one trait: the culture solution. This nutrient bath is prepared in a tank by dissolving salts which provide the necessary chemicals for plant metabolism. Constant care must be taken to assure

13、 that the sodium chloride(氯化纳 )levels in the tank do not reach excessive levels as the plants draw water and minerals out of the solution. The acidity of the tank must also be maintained around 6.0 to 6.5 depending on the specific type of plants being harvested. Although soilless farming is generall

14、y more expensive than utilizing fertile land, there are many advantages that make it an important alternative to traditional practices. Herbicides and pesticides are unnecessary because of the controlled environment. The plants also need less space to grow because their nutrient uptake is significan

15、tly more efficient. The most outstanding benefit, though, is the ability to produce crops in areas with poor soil conditions or insufficient rainfall. 16 Earth is mentioned by the author as a necessity for hydroponics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It was discovered that roots could su

16、rvive in many different kinds of materials. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 According to the passage, the higher cost would be a good reason not to use hydroponics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The original hydroponics gardens merely consisted of plants floating in inert s

17、ubstances. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The soilless farming is generally cheaper than traditional practices. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 One of the advantages of using hydroponics is increased pesticides and herbicides. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The

18、passage mainly discusses how to control plant growth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Learn about Noble Gases(惰性气体 ) Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many

19、 tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium(氦 ). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer.

20、 Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases. People once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体 ). They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have

21、 zero valence(价 )electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered. The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low

22、 chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radoa These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the

23、 lowest molecular(分子的 )weight while Radon is the heaviest. Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled“ or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Nob

24、le gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of th

25、e low chemical reactivity of these said gases. Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体 ). These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. W

26、hen a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see“ the brain, without operating on the patient. A. what is the periodic table? B. What are noble gases? C. What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble g

27、ases? D. How were noble gases discovered? E. How were noble gases understood in the past? F. what are the applications of noble gases? 23 paragraph 2_. 24 paragraph 3_. 25 paragraph 4_. 26 paragraph 5_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 27 There are some earth pheno

28、mena you can count on, but the magnetic field, some say, is not one of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergoes a dramatic polarity reversal a period when north pole becomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the field generat

29、ed, and why is it so unstable? Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment (沉淀物 ) core, they have obtained measurements of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The ana

30、lysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short tern, there seems to be an inevitable long-term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip a process that takes seve

31、ral hundred thousand years-the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated. The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的 ) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earths surface. By studying min

32、eral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years age. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link pola

33、rity flips to external disasters such as meteor (陨星 ) impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the nest contradicts 90

34、 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earths inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research. 27 Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the

35、passage? （ A） Polarity Reversal :A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature （ B） Measurement of the Earths Magnetic-Field Intensity （ C） Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth （ D） A New Approach to the Study of Geophysics 28 The word “flip“ (Pare. 2) most probably means_. （ A） decline （ B） intensify （ C） fl

36、uctuate （ D） reverse 29 What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research? （ A） Some regularity in the changes of the earths magnetic field, （ B） Some causes of the fluctuation of the earths magnetic field, （ C） The origin of the earths magnetic field. （ D） The frequency of polarit

37、y reversals. 30 The French geophysicists study is different from currently prevailing theories in_. （ A） its identification of the origin of the earths magnetic field （ B） the way the earths magnetic intensity is measured （ C） its explanation of the shift in the earths polarity （ D） the way the eart

38、hs fluctuation rhythm is defined 31 In Peter Oslos opinion the French experiment _ （ A） is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the earth （ B） has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals （ C） is certain to help predict external disasters （ D） has caused great confu

39、sion among the worlds geophysicists 32 Space-Age Archeology Its a strange partnership, but a very effective one: Satellites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists. How? By “seeing“ through sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sites. The traditional tools of a

40、rcheologists are shovels and picks. But high technology is making the archeologists work and time far more productive. Take, for example, the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. During that mission, a powerful, experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt c

41、alled the Selima Sand Sheet (part of the Sahara Desert). To everyones surprise, the radar penetrated through the sand to the harder rock beneath. On the surface, there is a little indication that Africas Sahara Desert was never anything but a desert. When the archeologists studied the radar images,

42、they saw what seemed to be impossible: there was sand-buried landscape. that was shaped by flowing water; traces of ancient riverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide, far wider than most sections of the present-day Nile River. Today, the area is one of the hottest, driest desert in the world. Ar

43、cheologists dug pits along the old river banks and found clues to the past: stream-rounded pebbles (鹅卵石 ), Stone-Age axes, broken ostrich (鸵鸟 ) eggshells, and the shells of land snails. The archeologists were quite pleased with these findings. For years, theyd been finding stone axes scattered throu

44、gh, the-desert, and couldnt understand why. Now we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers, and left their beautiful tools behind. Some are so sharp that you could shave with them. More recently, Landsat 4, a special Earth-mapping satellite, aided in the discovery of ancient Ma

45、yan ruins in Mexico. Landsat can, with the help of false-color imagery, “see through“ much of the area. Armed with these maps, a five-person expedition took to the air in a helicopter. By the end of the second day, the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition members said look like “old

46、 New England fences“. They just go on, non-stop, for 40 miles. Later in the week, an ancient village was pinpointed, as was the “lost“ city of Oxpemul, once found in the early 1930s but quickly reclaimed by the jungle. The findings made them able to map the extent of the Mayan civilization in about

47、five days. Working on foot, it would, have taken at least 100 years. 32 With the help of the space-shuttle-carried radar, archeologists found （ A） a new stretch of the Sahara desert. （ B） traces of ancient riverbeds under the Sahara Desert. （ C） some traditional archeological tools in the Sahara Des

48、ert. （ D） a mountain beneath the Sahara Desert. 33 Which of the following is true of the sand-buried landscape? （ A） It was an old avenue. （ B） It was an underground river. （ C） It was shaped by flowing water. （ D） It was shaped by the old Nile River. 34 The stream-rounded pebbles and Stone-Age axes

49、 which were found along the ancient river banks show that （ A） an early human civilization once existed along the old river banks. （ B） ancient people didnt know how to make weapons. （ C） most species of animals in Sahara have disappeared. （ D） early humans were good at fighting with sharp weapons. 35 “They“ in the second line of the last paragraph refers to （ A） old New England fences. （ B） the stretch of walled fields. （ C） the expedition members. （ D） ancient villages. 36 Which of the fo