[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷9及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 A childs world is fresh and new and beautiful, full of wonder and excitement. It is our misfortune that for most of us that clear-eyed vision, that true instinct for what is beautiful and awe-inspiring, is dimmed and even lost before we reach adultho

2、od. If I had influence with the good fairy who is supposed to preside over the christening(洗礼形式 )of all children I should ask that her gift to each child in the world be a sense of wonder so that it would last throughout life, as an unfailing antidote against the boredom and disenchantments of later

3、 years, the sterile preoccupation with things that are artificial, the alienation from the sources of our strength. If a child is to keep alive his inborn sense of wonder without any such gift from the fairies, he needs the companionship of at least one adult who can share it, rediscovering with him

4、 the joy, excitement and mystery of the world we live in. Parents often have a sense of inadequacy when confronted with a world of complex physical nature, inhabited by a life so various and unfamiliar that it seems hopeless to reduce it to order and knowledge. In a mood of self-defeat, they exclaim

5、, “How can I possibly teach my child about nature why, I dont even know one bird from one another!“ I sincerely believe that for the child, and for the parent seeding to guide him, it is not half so important to know as to feel. If facts are the seeds that later produce knowledge and wisdom, then th

6、e emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow. The years of early childhood are the time to prepare the soil. Once the emotions have been aroused a sense of the beautiful, the excitement of the new and the unknown, a feeling of sympathy, pity, admirat

7、ion or love then we wish for knowledge about the object of our emotional response. Once found, it has lasting meaning. It is more important to pave the way for the child to want to know than to put him on diet of facts he is not ready to assimilate. (362 words) 1 What is the main idea of the passage

8、? （ A） A child s world is fresh and new and beautiful, full of wonder and excitement. （ B） The fairies can keep childrens vision. （ C） Cultivation of childrens emotions and impressions of the senses is most important. （ D） Emotions are soil and facts are knowledge. 2 What is the function of the last

9、 sentence of the first paragraph_? （ A） Hypothesis （ B） Fairy tale （ C） Daydream （ D） Analogy 3 According to the author, the key person in keeping alive a childs inborn sense of wonder is_. （ A） teacher （ B） parent （ C） the child him or herself （ D） fairy 4 What important rhetoric device does the au

10、thor adopt in the second sentence of the last paragraph? （ A） Simile. （ B） Metaphor. （ C） Comparison. （ D） Definition. 5 What opinion does the author want to convey through the last paragraph? （ A） If you want to have a harvest, you should ensure fertile soil. （ B） The years of early childhood are t

11、he time to prepare the soil. （ C） Arouse childrens interest and feeling first, and try to keep them. （ D） Parents should pave the way for the child. 5 In its 16 years, the London Marathon has acquired a pedigree of excellence. That excellence is not just the awesome energy of the best runners and th

12、e smoothness of the organisation, but also the quality of determination shown by all the competitors, male and female, able-bodied and disabled. When more than 26 000 gather at Greenwich tomorrow morning, only a few will be in the running to win the big prize money. The success of this event is that

13、 most of the athletes would be prepared to pay serious money just for the privilege of running the 26 miles 385 yards to The Mall past the most famous urban scenery in the world. The London Marathon has become one of Britains leading sports events. Since 1981, something like 45 million has been rais

14、ed in individual sponsorship for charities. Tomorrow hundreds and thousands of people will line the route to cheer and to gasp in sympathetic participation. Millions will watch on television. Although they will be excited by the struggle for first place, they will also identify with the ordinary per

15、son trying to fulfill his or her physical potential. Many spectators will wonder whether next year they could complete the historic distance. That is how athletic dreams are born. If the London Marathon and the growth in interest in physical fitness have transformed the lives of many adults, it is a

16、lso important that children should have the opportunity to fulfill their ability in individual competitive sports. Team games should be an essential ingredient of physical education in the national curriculum. However, coexisting with the playing of team games there should be an equal emphasis on th

17、e importance of individual competitive sports at all levels in schools. The Government must be careful that in insisting on the value of team games in schools, it does not ignore the value of individual activities, which are practised throughout the world and form the basis of the Olympic Games. Man

18、y of the runners in the London Marathon tomorrow have found courage, fulfillment and fitness through training for the event. These are qualities that schoolchildren can, and should, acquire through a variety of demanding individual activities in physical education. (362 words) 6 According to the fir

19、st paragraph- “excellence“ is embodied in all EXCEPT_ （ A） energy of the runner （ B） determination of the competitor （ C） big mony can be made （ D） smoothness of the organization 7 What does “45 million“ (Line 2, Para. 2) refer to? （ A） Money raised for charity. （ B） Participants. （ C） TV viewers. （

20、 D） Spectators. 8 According to the passage, which of the following is true? （ A） Individual sports are as important as team games. （ B） Individual sports are more important than team games. （ C） Individual sports are less important than team games. （ D） Individual sports and team games in school hav

21、e nothing to do with the Olympic Games. 9 According to the writer, the Governments policy on physical education （ A） should not promote team games at all （ B） upholds the principles of the Olympic Games （ C） can produce successful Marathon participants （ D） should encourage those qualities pursued b

22、y Marathon participants 10 What is NOT true about the London Marathon? （ A） Some disabled people also take part in the London Marathon. （ B） Being able to see the most famous urban scenery in the world is appealing to competitors. （ C） The London Marathon is No. 1 sports event in Britain. （ D） Many

23、spectators will enjoy not only those potential winners but also common runners. 10 Alcohol abuse and dependence are serious problems affecting 10 percent of adult Americans, and the toll is high: 3 out of 100 deaths in the United States can be linked directly to alcohol. In addition to traffic crash

24、es, injuries in the home and on the job, and serious long-term medical consequences, alcohol abuse has been implicated in aggression and crime. Although patterns vary, it is possible to classify drinkers as social drinkers, alcohol abusers, and alcohol-dependent persons. While alcohol consumption is

25、 never entirely a risk-free activity, these categories represent a range from relatively benign to extremely problematic. An evaluation of treatment for any alcohol-related disorder must be situated historically. For nearly 200 years, the explanation of alcoholism as a disease competed with explanat

26、ions in which character or moral defects were believed to lead to problematic drinking behavior. Evidence accumulated, however, suggesting that alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are distinguishable. Alcohol abuse“ refers either to transitory or long-term problems in accomplishing basic living act

27、ivities in which alcohol is implicated, and “alcohol dependence“ describes a severe disability in which dependence brings about a reduction in the individuals ability to control the drinking behavior. This delineation was endorsed in 1987 by the Institute of Medicine, which defined alcohol abuse as

28、“repetitive patterns of heavy drinking associated with impairment of functioning and/or health“ and discussed alcoholism (dependency) as a separate phenomenon. Alcohol dependence is associated with additional symptoms such as craving, tolerance, and physical dependence that bring about changes in th

29、e importance of drinking in the individuals life, and impaired ability to exercise behavioral restraint. The distinction has important clinical implications. For some nondependent alcohol abusers, drinking patterns may be modified by exhortations or by societal sanctions. For alcohol-dependent perso

30、ns, exhortations and sanctions are insufficient, and the goal of modified drinking inappropriate. The goal for these persons is abstinence, and a range of treatment options is available, including pharmacologic interventions, psychotherapy, and counseling. But even alcohol-dependent persons do not c

31、onstitute a homogeneous group. They are not identical in personality, life experiences, family characteristics and social status. Knowledge of the differences among alcohol-dependent persons is important because research shows that alcoholism treatment methods are differentially effective according

32、to patient characteristics. (365 words) 11 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The history of alcoholism as a treatable disease. （ B） The difference between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. （ C） The injurious consequences associated with alcohol consumption. （ D） The early view of alcoho

33、l abuse as a moral problem. 12 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following represents the progression from least-serious to most-serious? （ A） Social drinking, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence. （ B） Alcohol abuse, social drinking, alcohol dependence. （ C） Alcohol dependence, social drinking, a

34、lcohol abuse. （ D） Alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, social drinking. 13 In Paragraph 3, what does the author contrasts to? （ A） Alcoholism and harmful consequences. （ B） Psychological and biochemical implications. （ C） Disease and moral defects. （ D） Disorder and alcoholism. 14 What does “exhortat

35、ions“ (Line 2, Para. 6) mean? （ A） Persuasions. （ B） Explanations. （ C） Explorations. （ D） Compositions. 15 The most logical continuation of the passage would be_. （ A） further information about alcoholism as a moral problem （ B） an explanation of the physical effects of alcohol on the brain （ C） a

36、brief historical summary of the attitudes toward alcohol （ D） more detailed discussion of treatments for alcohol dependence 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 9答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本文的中心思想在最后一段最后一句：尽量要保持孩子天生的好奇心，不要过早地向他们传授知识，泯灭这份天性。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此句的大意是：如果我能左右负责孩子

37、洗礼的仙姑，我就会要求她给世界上所有的孩子一份礼物，那就是好奇心。那份好奇心将伴随他们终身，使他们永远能够抵制那些令人清醒却令人讨厌的东西，即学习那些徒劳的、人为的、没有启 发性的知识。由于这段说话用的是虚拟语气，所以是一种假设，故选A。 B“神话 ”、 C“白日梦 ”、 D“类比 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 要让孩子们保持天生的好奇心，需要大人的指点。在第二段里，作者说，既然让仙女赋予孩子们这种能力是不可能的，那么这就需要我们大人来帮助孩子。虽然作者没有直接说出谁应该承担这个责任，但作者批评了父母，说他们总是以强调自己知识不够为理由而不重视对孩子天赋的保

38、持。从这个角度来说，应该选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 A“明喻 ”、 B“暗喻 ”、 C“对照 ”、 D“定义 ”。明喻与暗喻的区别在于前者用 as，后者用 be。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 首先帮助孩子对事物有兴趣、有感觉，并把它们保持下去。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 由于第一段第二句没有提到钱，故选 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从句子里的动词 raise与 million的 调配可以判断出 45 million指的是 “钱

39、 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章最后一段第一句的意思是说，学校在重视团队比赛的同时不要忽视个人比赛的价值。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章最后一两句说，参加马拉松的运动员必须具备 “有勇气、有毅力，体质好 ”这些素质，而这些素质可以通过体育课中高难度的个人训练获取。故选 D. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参考第二段第一 句：伦敦马拉松是英国主要的体育项目之一，不是第一。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本篇主要讲的是，酗酒能带来很多害

40、处，但对于酗酒的原因必须进行分类，这样有利于治疗。虽然酗酒人有三类： social drinkers， alcohol abusers，and alcoholdependent persons，但作者主要谈论的是后面两类。从第四段到结束都是在谈论 alcohol abusers和 alcoholdependent persons的区别。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 A的等级顺序除了依据文章提供的信息外，我们用基本常识也能看出这种排列是由不严重到严重。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参考第三段第二句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 exhortation是 “劝告 ”之意，与 persuasion接近，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由于文章最后一句说的是，酒精依赖者的性格不同，治疗的方法就不一样，所以如果后面还有文章，从逻辑来看应该是论述什么样性格的酒精依赖者要用什么样的方法来医治。 【知识模块】 阅读理解