[外语类试卷]笔译二级实务模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc
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1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 A few months back, Desalegn Godebos wife descended into a feverish delirium. “It was as if she were mad, “he said, shuddering at the memory.” she was scratching me like a crazy woman.“ Before a new road was built through this village,
2、 Godebo would have loaded his wife onto his back and hiked six hours along narrow dirt paths to the small city of Awasa. Instead, he lifted her into a truck for the one-hour ride to town. Her condition was diagnosed as malaria and typhoid. She is well now and back home caring for their baby. The dir
3、t-and-gravel road may look like a timeless feature of the Great Rift Valley (东非大裂谷 ). But it is part of a huge public road-building project that is slowly hauling one of the poorest, hungriest nations on earth into modernity. The people who live along it divide time into two eras: Before the Road an
4、d After the Road. Because of the road, people can take their sick to the hospital and their children to distant schools. Farmers like Godebo who had only their own feet or a donkeys back for transport can now transport their crops to market. Ethiopia, an agricultural society where most farmers still
5、 live more than a half-days walk from roads, has been especially hobbled by their absence. Support for roads in Africa, particularly from the World Bank, is growing again after a decade of decline in the 1990s. Then the bank reduced lending for roads. Road-building is coming back in style as a way t
6、o combat rural poverty in Africa. While no one expects roads alone to end the chronic hunger faced by millions of Ethiopians or the famines that loom periodically, most development experts agree that they are a precondition for progress and are essential to the success of the Green Revolution, which
7、 produces abundance in much of Asia but bypasses Africa. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of the
8、ir use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these
9、 chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from
10、such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds and in man himself. For these chemicals arc now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably
11、in the tissues of the unborn child. All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chem
12、ical warfare, some of the chemicals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new s
13、ynthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect t
14、he body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain ceils the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy. 3 The theory of evolution by natural selection was p
15、ut forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who wa
16、s a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Mens Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyors apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two
17、traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these
18、 traditions do not come together until the theory of evolution; because until then there is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life. The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see
19、 it about us in the birds, the trees, the grass, the snails, in every living thing. It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform that it must be constrained by man
20、y necessities. So it is not surprising that biology as we understand it begins with naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers, clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of leisure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, “gentlemen in Victorian England“
21、, because it cannot be an accident that the theory of evolution is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culture the culture of Queen Victoria in England. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 五十年在人类历史长河中不过是短暂的瞬间,但在西藏这片古老而神奇的土地上,却发生了以往任何时代都无法比拟的巨大变化。西藏告别了贫穷落后、封闭停滞的封
22、建农奴制社会,走向了不断进步,文明开放的现代人民民主社会。现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的成就。 历史证明西藏的现代化离不开祖国的现代化,祖国的现代化也不能没有西藏的现代化。没有西藏的现代化,祖国的现代化就不完整,不全面。没有祖国的独立和富强,就没有西藏社会的新生和发展。西藏走向现代化符合世界历史潮流和人类社会发展规律,体现了西藏人民的根本利益与愿望 。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 避暑山庄位于承德市区北部,是清代最大的皇家园林。 清朝康熙皇帝在为巩固多民族国家的统一,安塞固疆的多次北巡途中,见这里风景秀丽,气候宜人,离京师又近,遂于 1
23、703年在此修建避暑山庄。此项工程历经康熙、乾隆两代,用了 87年时间才告完工。康熙、乾隆每年有半年时间在这里避暑和处理政务。清朝以后,山庄遭到严重破坏。解放后,人民政府把山庄列为全国重点文物保护单位,并拨巨款进行修复,使之成为国内外 游客消夏和游览的场所。 避暑山庄规模宏大,占地 560万平方米,宫墙长达 20华里。山庄分宫殿区和苑景区两部分,景观丰富,秀丽如画。整个山庄楼堂殿阁鳞次栉比,寺观庵斋遍布山壑;绿草如茵,林木苍翠;山峦起伏,峡谷幽深。 6 半个世纪以来,和平共处五项原则经受住了时间的考验,为维护亚洲和世界的和平与稳定,促进国际关系的健康发展,做出了不可磨灭的贡献。 进入新世纪,世
24、界形势与国际关系都在发生复杂深刻的变化。和平与发展依然是当今时代的主题。维护和平、促进发展,是各国人民共同的强烈愿望。 和平共处五项原则作为指导国际关系的基本准则,仍然具有重大的现实意义。实践已证明并将继续证明,五项原则既适用于社会制度相同的国家,也适用于社会制度不同的国家;既适用于发展中国家,也适用于发达国家;既适用于国家间的政治关系,也适用于国家间的经济关系。 中国必须走建设具有中国特色社会主义的道路。它将在维护和促进世界和平中发展自己。作为拥有 13亿人口的发展中大国,中国将一如既往、坚定不移地奉行和平共处五项原则。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compuls
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