[外语类试卷]武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷32及答案与解析.doc
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1、武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷 32及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional service firms(for example, firms providing advertising accounting, or health care services)have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. Such guarantees specify what clients can e
2、xpect and what the firm will do if it fails to fulfill these expectations. Particularly with first-time clients, an unconditional guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the client is very cautious, the firms fees are high, the negative consequences of bad service are grave, or business is d
3、ifficult to obtain through referrals and word-of-mouth. However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that failure is possible, the guarantee may, paradoxically, cause clients to doubt the service firms ability to deliver the promised level of servi
4、ce. It may conflict with a firms desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that a firm is begging for business. In legal and health care services, it may mislead clients by suggesting that lawsuits or medical procedures will have guaranteed outcomes. Indeed, professional service firms with
5、 outstanding reputations and performance to match have little to gain from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm that implements an unconditional guarantee without undertaking a commensurate commitment to quality of service is merely employing a potentially costly marketing gimmick. 1 The
6、primary function of the passage as a whole is to_. ( A) account for the popularity of a practice ( B) evaluate the utility of a practice ( C) demonstrate how to institute a practice ( D) weigh the ethics of using a strategy 2 Which of the following is cited in the passage as a goal of some professio
7、nal service firms in offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction? ( A) A limit on the firms liability. ( B) Successful competition against other firms. ( C) Ability to justify fee increases. ( D) Attainment of an outstanding reputation in a field. 3 The passages description of the issue raised
8、 by unconditional guarantees for health care or legal services most clearly implies that which of the following is true? ( A) The legal and medical professions have standards of practice that would be violated by attempts to fulfill such unconditional guarantees. ( B) The result of a lawsuit or medi
9、cal procedure cannot necessarily be determined in advance by the professionals handling a clients case. ( C) The dignity of legal and medical professions is undermined by any attempts at marketing of professional services, including unconditional guarantees. ( D) Clients whose lawsuits or medical pr
10、ocedures have unsatisfactory outcomes cannot be adequately compensated by financial settlements done. 4 The passage most clearly implies which of the following about the professional service firms mentioned in the fifth sentence of the second paragraph? ( A) They are unlikely to have offered uncondi
11、tional guarantees of satisfaction in the past. ( B) They are usually profitable enough to be able to compensate clients according to the terms of an unconditional guarantee. ( C) They usually practice in fields in which the outcomes are predictable. ( D) Their clients are usually already satisfied w
12、ith the quality of service that is delivered. 4 In a 1918 editorial, W. E. B. Du Bois advised African Americans to stop agitating for equality and to proclaim their solidarity with White Americans for the duration of the First World War. The editorial surprised many African Americans who viewed Du B
13、ois as an uncompromising African American leader and a chief opponent of the accommodationist tactics urged by Booker T. Washington. In fact, however, Du Bois often shifted positions along the continuum between Washington and confrontationists such as William Trotter. In 1895, when Washington called
14、 on African Americans to concentrate on improving their communities instead of opposing discrimination and agitating for political rights, Du Bois praised Washingtons speech. In 1903, however, Du Bois aligned himself with Trotter, Washingtons militant opponent, less for ideological reasons than beca
15、use Trotter had described to him Washingtons efforts to silence those in the African American press who opposed Washingtons positions. Du Boiss wartime position thus reflected not a change in his long-term goals but rather a pragmatic response in the face of social pressures: government officials ha
16、d threatened African American journalists with censorship if they continued to voice grievances. Furthermore, Du Bois believed that African Americans contributions to past war efforts had brought them some legal and political advances. Du Boiss accommodationism did not last, however. Upon learning o
17、f systematic discrimination experienced by African Americans in the military, he called on them to “return fighting“ from the war. 5 The passage is primarily concerned with_. ( A) identifying historical circumstances that led Du Bois to alter his long-term goals ( B) defining “accommodationism“ and
18、showing how Du Bois used this strategy to achieve certain goals ( C) accounting for a particular position adopted by Du Bois during the First World War ( D) contesting the view that Du Bois was significantly influenced by either Washington or Trotter 6 The passage suggests which of the following abo
19、ut the contributions of African Americans to the United States war effort during the First World War? ( A) The contributions were made largely in response to Du Boiss 1918 editorial. ( B) The contributions had much the same effect as African Americans contributions to previous wars. ( C) The contrib
20、utions did not end discrimination against African Americans in the military. ( D) The contributions were made in protest against Trotters confrontationist tactics. 7 The author of the passage refers to Washingtons call to African Americans in 1895 primarily in order to_. ( A) identify Du Boiss chara
21、cteristic position on the continuum between accomodationism and confrontationism ( B) explain why Du Bois was sympathetic with Washingtons views in 1895 ( C) clarify how Trotters views differed from those of Washington in 1895 ( D) support an assertion about Du Boiss tendency to shift his political
22、positions 8 According to the passage, which of the following is true of the strategy that Du Boiss 1918 editorial urged African Americans to adopt during the First World War? ( A) It was a strategy that Du Bois had consistently rejected in the past. ( B) It represented a compromise between Du Boiss
23、own views and those of Trotter. ( C) It represented a significant redefinition of the long-term goals Du Bois held during the war. ( D) It was advocated by Du Bois in part because of his historical knowledge of gains African Americans had made during past wars. 8 The fact that superior service can g
24、enerate a competitive advantage for a company does not mean that every attempt at improving service will create such an advantage. Investments in service, like those in production and distribution, must be balanced against other types of investments on the basis of direct, tangible benefits such as
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