[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷92及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 92及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你是即将参加一英语考试的学生,需要几本相关参考书,请写封信 给一书店销售部,你的信应包括: 1详细说明你想买的那本书的特点 2咨询付款方式 3确定送货时间及方式 二
2、、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark: Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the pass
3、age; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 The Science that Imitates Natures Mechanisms A European industrialist not long ago became very suspicious about American purposes and intentions in
4、certain areas of scientific research. He learned by chance that the United States was signing contracts with scientists in England, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina, Australia, and other countries, calling for research into such matters as the function of the frogs
5、eye and the learning ability of the octopus. It seemed to the industrialist that such studies could not possibly have any practical value. He seriously believed that the United States was employing the foreign scientists to do meaningless work and occupy their time, while American scientists were bu
6、sy in the really important areas of science. He was unaware of the fact that the United States was spending much more money at home than abroad for similar studies. Nature does things better than people Actually, the research he questioned involves a field of science so new that must people have nev
7、er heard of it. Named bionics(仿生学 ) in 1960, this science is the study of living creatures, a study in search of principle applicable to engineering. Nature has operated a vast laboratory for two billion years, and bionics probes the secrets of the marvelous “special-purpose mechanisms that have dev
8、eloped. Take the frogs eye for example. A frog eats only live insects, and its eyes instantly spot a moving fly within reach of its tongue. You can surround a frog with dead(therefore motionless) flies, and it will never know they are there. If we can completely understand the mechanic of the frogs
9、eye, we can develop a “map-reading eye“ for missiles and a “pattern-recognition eye“ for our basic air-defense system called SAGE(semi-automatic ground environment). SAGE is badly overworked. Its international network of radar “EYES“ supplies a tremendous mass of unimportant details about meteorites
10、, clouds, flights of ducks, geese, and friendly planes, and it sometimes gets confused. Until we can build a mechanical frogs eye into SAGE, it will remain somewhat inefficient. Military to civilian uses The frogs eye holds promise in civilian life, too. For example, at most major airports the air-t
11、raffic problem with 20 million flights per year to handle has reached a critical stage. With 40 million flights in prospect for 1975, we must develop better devices for monitoring and controlling air traffic. Special-purpose mechanisms as exciting as the frogs eye can be found throughout nature. The
12、 bat is under study because the bats sonar is much more efficient than man-made sonar. By bouncing supersonic squeaks(吱吱声 )off objects around it, the bat flies about with remarkable skills. A bat can fly through a dark room full of dozens of piano wires and never touch a single wire. The mosquito is
13、 under study because we need to solve the problem of static that lessens the efficiency of our communications systems. A mosquito, simply by vibrating its wings, can set up a hum that will cut through any interfering noise, man or nature can create loud whistles or thunder, for instance and give a m
14、easege to another mosquito 150 feet away. Electrical system Theoretically at least we should be able to copy these mechanisms found in nature, for all biological organisms from mosquito to frog to man are in part actually electrical systems. The sense organs that “connect“ all animals to the outside
15、 world are merely transducers(传感器 ) instruments like a microphone, TV camera, or phonograph pickup arm which convert one form of energy into another. A microphone, for example, converts sound into electrical signals which are carried to a loudspeaker and converted back into sound waves. Similarly, t
16、he nerve cells of a mans ear convert a cry for help into electrical pulses which are sped over his nervous system to the brain. The brain receives the signal, and then sends an answering electrical-pulse message to his legs, where it is converted into muscular energy when he starts running towards t
17、he cry. We have been slow to profit from this close analogy between a biological organism and an electronic system. It was only in the early 1950s that we consciously began to unite biologists with physicists, chemists, electronic experts, mathematicians, and engineers in a team to solve the mysteri
18、es of biological machinery. The first formal bionics meeting called by the U.S. Air Force was held in 1960.A year later there were 20,000 biologists at work in research laboratories in the United States, more than double the number employed ten years earlier. Electronic and non-electronic A bionicis
19、t can, of course, copy much in nature without resorting to electronics. For example, an airplane wing that gives unique stability to a small plane was introduced by the Cessna Company in 1960; the wing tips of a seabird served as the model. An artificial gill to extract oxygen from water and throw o
20、ff carbon dioxide like a fishs gill is being studied by the Navy for use on submarines. For the Navy, too, the U.S. Rubber Company is making tests of a robber “skin“ for boats and submarine hulls, modeled on the elastic skin of a dolphin. But the greatest advances in bionics unquestionably will be e
21、lectronic in nature. Already an instruments laboratory has developed an “eye“ that can peer through a microscope and distinguish certain kinds of diseased cells from healthy cells. General Electric Company has an experimental eye, the Visilog that operates on the principle used by the human eye in j
22、udging distance as a solid surface is approached. We humans judge our rate of approach by the changed occurring in the texture of a surface as our eyes get closer and closer to it. This explains why we sometimes fail to see a glass door, but we always stop short of a brick wall. General Electrics ey
23、e calculates the rate of approach to any textured surface and contains a device to slow the approach speed. It is being developed, hopefully, to permit a planned moon-probe rocket to make a soft landing on the moons surface. A small variety of Visilog may also be created for the blind. Ears, nose, a
24、nd brain The owls ears are fascinating to many bionicists, for the owl has unique directional bearing. He can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves. For those engaged in designing sensitive mechanic ears for listening to enemy sonar, owl
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- 外语类 试卷 大学 英语四 模拟 92 答案 解析 DOC
