[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷197及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 197及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write about Should teenagers use the mobile phone? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 有些人认为家长应为青少年买手机 2. 有些人认为使用手机影响青少年学习 3. 我认为 二、 Part II Reading Com

2、prehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if th

3、e statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The United Nations Impressive as the modern network of international organization and economic agreements may seem on the surface, it has not even come close to ridding

4、the international community of quarrels and national conflicts. Many scholars and statesmen, in fact, have argued that peace and interdependence could best be promoted by one overriding organization rather than by many small international organizations. The supreme effort to found such an organizati

5、on was the creation of the United Nations. Key Points in the ON Charter Precisely how these responsibilities were conceptualized was spelled out in Chapter VII of the UN Charter, titled “Action with Respect to Threats to Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression.“ Article 39 of this chapt

6、er specifies that “the Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measure shall be taken in accordance with Articles 40 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and secu

7、rity.“ Subsequent articles spell out how the Security Council was expected to discharge its obligations. Article 41 deals with economic sanctions, including “complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, an

8、d the severance of diplomatic relations.“ Article 42 contemplates situations in which economic sanctions may be inadequate: in such cases, the Security Council “may take action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may in

9、clude demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations.“ Other articles in Chapter VII deal with organizing the military components of full fledged collective security system, including the establishment of a Military Staff Committee. The ma

10、chinery of international peacekeeping outlined by these articles far surpassed the comparable machinery of the League of Nations. Moreover, the UN was intended to go well beyond merely maintaining peace and security, as the establishment of its so-called specialized agencies revealed. Through these

11、agencies, the UN plays an important role in worldwide disaster relief, resettlement of refugees, technical assistance in the areas of food and agriculture, health concerns, and many other areas. In addition, the world body actively promotes a higher world standard of living through agencies such as

12、International Childrens Emergency Fund. Finally, financial and developmental assistance has been extended to economically troubled states through the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Glancing at a List of the UNs specialized agen

13、cies makes it clear that the UN was committed from the outset to promoting world welfare as well as preventing world war. However, the UN Charter was not designed as a blueprint for a world government. Article 2, paragraph 7, of the charter makes it clear that matters “essentially within the domesti

14、c jurisdiction of any state“ are beyond the purview of UN authority. In addition, Article 2 states unequivocally (明确地 ) that the United Nations “is based on the principle of sovereign (主权国家的 ) equality of all its members.“ Nevertheless, the declared equality of all members of the United Nations is u

15、ndercut by other provisions of the charter that give greater weight within the organization to the most powerful or prominent member-states. The most obvious reason for these provisions was the need to guarantee the participation of the major states. But there was another, inure subtle reason: Some

16、of the UNs original supporters viewed the new international association not just as an organization of sovereign states, but also as the forerunner of a world government. And if the UNs great potential were ever to be realized fully, it was evident that the larger states would have to play a greater

17、 role than the smaller, less powerful states. Problems Underlying Comprehensive International Organization Despite its successes, the UN obviously has not lived up to the highest expectations of its founders. Although its articles sought to solve the procedural problems, the UN has not been free of

18、them. And problems of procedure in international organizations invariably conceal more deep-seated difficulties. These must be faced by any comprehensive international organization. 1. The Problem of Universality For an international body to be successful, all nations of significant size or conseque

19、nce must be persuaded to join and remain part of the organization. As a minimum condition for success, all major powers must be members. The experience of the League of Nations clearly demonstrated the problems that arise when some nations are excluded or refuse to join. The history of the United Na

20、tions also illustrates the importance of including all potential member-states - especially those with the capacity to disrupt world peace. And yet, ensuring this universality of membership in a pluralistic world has proved to be problematic. 2. The Problem of Inequality Smaller nations inevitably i

21、nsist on the principle of formal equality. Anything less, they contend, would be an affront to their sovereignty. By the same token, powerful nations insist that their superior strength be reflected in special procedural arrangements. Anything less, they argue, would represent a diminution of their

22、real importance in the world. Moreover, as the relative strengths of member-states fluctuate, the original formula governing such matters needs to be revised. Some nations that formerly were considered Great Powers have to be demoted to make room for newcomers whose stars are rising. This is more th

23、an merely a “technical“ problem. No international organization can remain viable unless it resolves the problem of inequality while remaining flexible enough to change with changing circum- stances. 3. The Problem of Competence Organizations of this kind, by their very nature, are powerless to do an

24、y more than their least cooperative members are willing to countenance (支持，赞助 ). As a result, international organizations tend to lack the competence to deal with a wide range of problems normally thought to fall within the realm of governmental action. The best they can do, as a rule, is deal with

25、specific cases arising in general areas of common concern. 4. The Problem of Unity In the past, the most successful international organizations have been alliances based on confronting a common enemy. The Holy Alliance, inspired by the fear of a resurgent France, was a case in point. The present-day

26、 Arab League is another: Without the unifying effect of facing a common enemy, the Arab states undoubtedly would have engaged in far more internecine (内部冲突的 ) squabbling (争论 ) over the past forty years. When the original unity fades, however, the bonds of alliance tend to disintegrate. Disunity, or

27、the absence of any real sense of community in the international arena is a major obstacle to all forms of international organization from the simplest to the most complex and comprehensive. 5. The Problem of Sovereignty (主权 ) Underlying all the four problems mentioned above is the problem of soverei

28、gnty - the supreme power a state exercises within its boundaries. In the final analysis, sovereignty is indivisible: Either a nation has the last word in its own affairs or it does not. The creation of an effective world government would be possible only if individual governments could be persuaded

29、to surrender not just part of their sovereignty but all of it a prospect that has been regarded by most nations as entirely too dangerous in a world governed by mutual fear and mistrust. 2 The major responsibilities of the UN are to maintain world peace, prevent world or local wars and stop aggressi

30、on, which are specified in the 7th Chapter of the UN Charter. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The purpose of the specialized UN agencies is to handle many other worldwide problems apart from the UNs major mission. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The International Childrens Emergency Fund is one of the UNs agencies

31、aiming to improve peoples living standards in the world. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The UN Charter also authorizes the UN to act as a world government to deal with the domestic matters happening within a country. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 If an international organization runs successfully, all nations sh

32、ould be its members except for some small ones. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Small nations and powerful nations have the same opinion about the equality. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 International organizations can be effectively successful only when they get united to face a common enemy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）

33、NG 9 To restore international peace and security, the Security Council may take action by _ in addition to economic sanctions. 10 Despite its successes, the UN still has to face _. 11 In a world governed by mutual fear and mistrust, the most dangerous problem for the UN to deal with is _. Section A

34、Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the

35、 pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man should not dream of being a superstar. （ B） The man didnt practice hard enough. （ C） The man should find a new partner. （ D） The man should not give up. （ A） He is afraid he won t be chosen

36、 for the English speech con- test. （ B） Its not cartain whether the English speech contest will take place. （ C） The teacher has not decided who to take part in the contest. （ D） No one wants to be chosen. （ A） Dont buy the books until he needs them. （ B） Pick out the most expensive books. （ C） Dont

37、 move to the new apartment. （ D） Sell the books he doesnt need. （ A） She had the cooker changed. （ B） She bought a new cooker. （ C） She had her cooker repaired. （ D） She returned her new cooker. （ A） Studying. （ B） Nothing right now. （ C） Watching television. （ D） Going to the movies. （ A） At a wedd

38、ing. （ B） On a honeymoon. （ C） In Florida. （ D） At an airport. （ A） Universities. （ B） British and American English. （ C） Language courses. （ D） Literature courses. （ A） She is surprised at the news. （ B） She has also won a scholarship. （ C） She has confidence in him. （ D） She is not interested in t

39、he news. （ A） A quarter. （ B） A dollar. （ C） A dime. （ D） A nickel. （ A） She found that the line was always busy. （ B） She didnt bring any motley with her. （ C） She couldnt read the phone books. （ D） She didnt know her friends phone number. （ A） Names of the operators. （ B） Peoples names, addresses,

40、 and telephone numbers. （ C） All businesses, hotels, restaurants, shops, etc. （ D） Phone fee. （ A） Explorers. （ B） Doctors. （ C） Teachers. （ D） Coal-miners. （ A） Heavy, green water which changes salt dust to high grade petroleum. （ B） Heavy, green dust which changes salt water to high grade petroleu

41、m. （ C） Light, grey water which changes salt dust to high grade petroleum. （ D） Light, grey dust which changes salt dust to high grade petroleum. （ A） A rich and powerful civilization has been discovered on the planet Jupiter. （ B） Earth is desperately short of fuel in 2501. （ C） The secret found on

42、 Jupiter is the solution to solve the fuel lacking problem on the earth. （ D） Civilization on Earth will fail. （ A） They hire only retired workers. （ B） They each do jobs they are good at. （ C） They close the hotel during low seasons. （ D） They employ as few workers as possible. （ A） He was waiting

43、for his business partner. （ B） He was lost. （ C） He was resting. （ D） He was looking for his family. （ A） Because he was tired. （ B） Because this kind of thing wasnt to his taste. （ C） Because he quarreled with his family. （ D） Because his wife and kids didnt like him. （ A） It was decided by the fat

44、her. （ B） It was decided by the mother. （ C） It was decided by their kids. （ D） It was decided by a family vote. （ A） Everybody should have a say when an important decision is to be made. （ B） Kids are too young to make an important decision. （ C） Theres no sense making kids do anything they dont wa

45、nt to do. （ D） Kids will get more out of a trip if they are interested in what they are seeing. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear

46、 a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To let in the sunshine. （ B） For the bird to lay eggs. （ C） To serve as its door. （ D） To keep the nest cool. （ A） Mud. （ B） Grasses. （ C） Straw. （ D） Branches. （ A） Judging by the numbers of the players. （

47、 B） Judging by the numbers of the watchers. （ C） Neither of them. （ D） Both A and B. （ A） In the autumn. （ B） In spring and summer. （ C） From autumn, through the winter to whole spring. （ D） From late autumn, through the winter to early spring. （ A） Baseball. （ B） Football. （ C） Basketball. （ D） It

48、doesnt mention. （ A） Three popular sports in the United States. （ B） Sports and the United States. （ C） The most popular sport in the United States. （ D） Sports in the United States. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first ti

49、me, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The golden rule your parents and teachers taught you was pretty simple: Do unto others as youd have others do unto you. Imagine ho