[外语类试卷]中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷7及答案与解析.doc

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1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The police have offered a large_for information leading to the robbers arrest. （ A） award （ B） compensation （ C） prize （ D） reward 2 The popularity of the film shows that the receivers fears were completely_. （ A） unjustified （ B） unjust （ C） misgu

2、ided （ D） unaccepted 3 During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n)_room in the hotels here. （ A） empty （ B） vacant （ C） free （ D） deserted 4 Time_,the celebration will be held as scheduled. （ A） permit （ B） permitting （ C） permitted （ D） permits 5 It is futile to discuss the matter

3、 further,because_going to agree upon anything today. （ A） neither you nor I are （ B） neither you nor me is （ C） neither you nor I am （ D） neither me nor you are 6 At three thousand feet,wide plains begin to appear,and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not_. （ A） on view （ B） at a

4、 glance （ C） on the scene （ D） in sight 7 Drive straight ahead,and then you will see a_to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway. （ A） sign （ B） mark （ C） signal （ D） board 8 I think you can take a(n)_language course to improve your English. （ A） intermediate （ B） middle （ C） medium （ D） mid 9 The statisti

5、cs_that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. （ A） proves （ B） is proving （ C） are proving （ D） prove 10 It is offence to show_against people of different races. （ A） distinction （ B） difference （ C） separation （ D） discrimination 11 The medicine is on sale everywhe

6、re. You can get it at_chemists. （ A） each （ B） some （ C） certain （ D） any 12 You cannot be_careful when you drive a car. （ A） very （ B） so （ C） too （ D） enough 13 In general,the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses. （ A） acceptable （ B

7、） advisable （ C） available （ D） applicable 14 Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to,_the color of his skin. （ A） with the exception of （ B） in the light of （ C） by virtue of （ D） regardless of 15 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to thei

8、r full_. （ A） capacity （ B） strength （ C） length （ D） possibility 16 I hate people who_the end of film that you havent seen before. （ A） reveal （ B） rewrite （ C） revise （ D） reverse 17 Hes watching TV? Hes_to be cleaning his room. （ A） known （ B） supposed （ C） regarded （ D） considered 18 The old cou

9、ple decided to_a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own. （ A） adapt （ B） bring （ C） receive （ D） adopt 19 The government is trying to do something to_better understanding between the two countries. （ A） raise （ B） promote （ C） heighten （ D） increase 20 The newspaper did not menti

10、on the_of the damage caused by the fire. （ A） range （ B） level （ C） extent （ D） quantity 二、 Cloze 20 There is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration【 C1】 _we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths【 C2】 _they were afraid

11、to see their own naked bodies,and this moral concept delayed the【 C3】 _of the modern white-enam-eled bathtub for centuries. One can understand【 C4】 _in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human【 C5】 _only when we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people

12、moved about. Chinese redwood furniture was designed for people to sit【 C6】 _in,because that was the only posture approved by society. Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a (n)【 C7】 _on which I would not think of【 C8】 _for more than five minutes,and for that matter the English kings were just as badl

13、y off. Cleopatra went about【 C9】 _on a couch carried by servants, because【 C10】 _she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that,he would certainly have struck her shins with a stick,as he did【 C11】_one of his old disciples,Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting

14、 in an【 C12】 _posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived,gentlemen and ladies had to【 C13】 _themselves perfectly erect,at least on formal【 C14】 _,and any sign of putting ones leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of【 C15】 _. 21 【 C1】 （ A） for （ B） than （ C） as （ D）

15、 that 22 【 C2】 （ A） if （ B） when （ C） because （ D） though 23 【 C3】 （ A） rise （ B） existence （ C） occurrence （ D） increase 24 【 C4】 （ A） what （ B） where （ C） how （ D） why 25 【 C5】 （ A） care （ B） choice （ C） concern （ D） comfort 26 【 C6】 （ A） upright （ B） tight （ C） fast （ D） stiff 27 【 C7】 （ A） armch

16、air （ B） throne （ C） altar （ D） couch 28 【 C8】 （ A） moving （ B） keeping （ C） remaining （ D） lasting 29 【 C9】 （ A） traveling （ B） staying （ C） wandering （ D） reclining 30 【 C10】 （ A） fortunately （ B） frankly （ C） accordingly （ D） apparently 31 【 C11】 （ A） in （ B） on （ C） to （ D） at 32 【 C12】 （ A） irr

17、esponsible （ B） incorrect （ C） immoral （ D） imperfect 33 【 C13】 （ A） hold （ B） sit （ C） behave （ D） conduct 34 【 C14】 （ A） conditions （ B） situations （ C） occasions （ D） instances 35 【 C15】 （ A） culture （ B） confidence （ C） morality （ D） modesty 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 The fridge is considered a

18、 necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“ In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a

19、 week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge con

20、tributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed natural cooling, drying, smoking salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was marketing marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodi

21、es of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges

22、hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness h

23、as been insignificant, If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers , but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum. 36 The statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ (Line 1,

24、Para. 2) suggests that_. （ A） the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties （ B） the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties （ C） there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1940s. （ D） the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1940s 3

25、7 Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? （ A） People would not buy more food than was necessary. （ B） Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. （ C） Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. （ D） People had effective ways to preserve t

26、heir food. 38 Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? （ A） Inventors （ B） Consumers （ C） Manufacturers （ D） Travelling salesmen 39 Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment? （ A） Hum away continuously （ B） Cli

27、matically almost unnecessary （ C） Artificially-cooled space （ D） With mild temperatures 40 What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges? （ A） Neutral （ B） Critical （ C） Objective （ D） Compromising 41 What statement can be inferred from this article? （ A） The fridge is quiet different from the

28、 refrigerator. （ B） The fridge has more bad effects than good ones . （ C） Despite its contriubution to the environments, the fridger has still defects such as the noice. （ D） People invented the fridge so as to live better 41 The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may h

29、ave a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be ab

30、le to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (软件 ) or by altering the architecture but that too will happen. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of sili

31、con (硅 ) will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbons long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the

32、finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through e-conomies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deser

33、ts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further a-head, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 42 In what way can we

34、make a machine intelligent? （ A） By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space. （ B） By working hard for 10 or 20 years. （ C） By either properly programming it or changing its structure. （ D） By reproducing it. 43 What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability

35、? （ A） He believes they will be useful to human beings. （ B） He believes that they will control us in the future. （ C） He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us. （ D） He doesnt consider the construction of such machines possible. 44 The word carbon(Line 3, Para. 2) stands for“_“ （ A） in

36、telligent robots （ B） a chemical element （ C） an organic substance （ D） human beings 45 A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when_. （ A） its intelligence and cost are beyond question （ B） it is able to bear the rough environment （ C） it is made as complex as the human brain （ D） its architect

37、ure is different from that of the present ones 46 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction （ B） with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility

38、of making a machine with human-like ability （ C） once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence （ D） robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space 47 In last passage, the sentence of “the technology it will provide“, “it“ refers to_. （ A） The combi

39、nation （ B） The great wealth （ C） This new age （ D） The robot 47 After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report; The damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake

40、 of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles duri

41、ng the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer e

42、ven greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials , such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the

43、 building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tip

44、s forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. 48 One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthq

45、uake was comparatively low is that_. （ A） new computers had been installed in the buildings （ B） it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways （ C） large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday （ D） improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and hi

46、ghways 49 The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to_, （ A） counterbalance an earthquakes action on the building （ B） predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy （ C） help strengthen the foundation of the building （ D） measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations 50 The sma

47、rt buildings discussed in the passage_. （ A） would cause serious financial problems （ B） would be worthwhile though costly （ C） would increase the complexity of architectural design （ D） can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes 51 It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing

48、the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on_. （ A） the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction （ B） the development of flexible building materials （ C） the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations （ D） early forecasts of earthquakes 52 The authors main purp

49、ose in writing the passage is to_. （ A） compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S （ B） encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers （ C） outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials （ D） report new developments in constructing quake- resistant building 53 People began to add rubber and steel between the buildings a