[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷544及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 544及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.

2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Cultural Understanding Like learning a language, developing cultural understanding occurs step ly step ov

3、er time. Here are five stages of cultural understanding: Stage one; No understanding. involves no awareness of the new culture: knows nobody and few (1) _. Stage two: Superficial understanding. awareness of (2)_aspects of the foreign culture and stereotypes stereotypes are (3)_. Stage three:Growing

4、understanding and possible (4)_. awareness of more subtle, less visible traits in foreign culture unnecessarily bring acceptance For anyone, the home culture is (5) _. Stage four; Greater (6) _understanding. still (7)_have little empathy the (8) _level is higher Stage five:True empathy and cultural

5、(9)_. to live in the foreign culture; the amount of time depends on (10)_. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will

6、be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 In the case that occurred in France in 1981, how many people witnessed it? （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Five. 12 The scientist from the French space agency did all the following things except

7、_. （ A） taking further photos （ B） taking soil samples （ C） planting vegetation in the soil （ D） taking samples of vegetation 13 Peter Sturrock thinks that the field of UFO study is in a state of _. （ A） popularization （ B） pause （ C） development （ D） ignorance and confusion 14 In which countries ar

8、e there programs of pursuing UFO? （ A） China and USA （ B） Chile and France. （ C） France and Canada. （ D） Egypt and Greece. 15 There have been UFO reports for _. （ A） 15 years （ B） 50 years （ C） six decades （ D） four decades SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everythin

9、g ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 A lowered time limit for abortion was preferred by some specialists_. （ A） because 98 % abortions were carried out before 20 weeks （ B） beca

10、use pregnancy can be diagnosed earlier than before （ C） because survival rates among premature babies have improved （ D） because the fetal abnormalities can be diagnosed earlier than be fore 16 Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald have just published a study which concludes that Nobel science laureates live si

11、gnificantly longer than those of their colleagues who were nominated for a prize, but failed to receive one. They work with data from 1901 to 1950, and the search is restricted to men (to avoid differences in life span between the sexes), and those killed prematurely are eliminated. That gave them 1

12、35 prize winners and 389 also-rans. The theory they were testing was that status itself, rather than the trappings of status, such as wealth, act to prolong life. This idea was first declared by Sir Michael Marmot, of University College, London. Sir Michael studied the health of British civil servan

13、ts and discovered, contrary to his and everyone elses expectations, that those at the top of the hierarchy whom the stress of the job was expected to have affected adversely were actually far healthier than the supposedly unstressed functionaries at the bottom of the heap. Subsequent research has co

14、nfirmed this result, and suggested it is nothing to do with the larger salaries of those at the top. But Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald thought it would be interesting to refine the observation still further, by studying individuals who were all, in a sense, at the top. By comparing people good enough to

15、 be considered for a Nobel, they could measure what the status of having one was worth. Comparing winners and also-rans from within the same countries, to avoid yet another source of bias, Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald found that the winners lived, on average, two years longer than those who had merely

16、been nominated. Exactly what causes this increased longevity is unclear. It is not the cash, though. The inflation adjusted value of the prize has fluctuated over the years, so the two researchers were able to see if the purchasing power of the money was correlated with longevity. It was not. With t

17、he hierarchically ordered individuals studied by Sir Michael and his successors, both medical records and experiments on animals suggest stress hormones are involved. It is, indeed, more stressful to be at the bottom than the top, even if being at the top involves making decisions on the fate of nat

18、ions. The result Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald have come up with, though, suggests a positive effect associated with high status, rather than the absence of a negative effect, since unsuccessful nominees never know that they have been nominated. A similar effect has been noted once before, in a differen

19、t field. Research published a few years ago by Donald Redelmeier and Sheldon Singh showed that Oscar winning actors and actresses live 3.6 years longer than those who are nominated, but do not win. However, in that case the failed nominees do know that they have failed. And, curiously, Oscar winning

20、 scriptwriters live 3.6 years less than do nominees. Perhaps writers, unlike actors and scientists, live in a world of inverted snobbery. 17 What has been done to avoid sources of bias in Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswalds study? （ A） Excluding the abnormal deaths. （ B） Selecting more prize nominees than wi

21、nners. （ C） Having all subjects from the same country. （ D） Assuming inflation as an irrelevant factor. 18 Whats the difference between the two doctors study and that of Sir Michaels? （ A） They demonstrate opposite findings. （ B） They have different theoretical foundations. （ C） They use different m

22、ethods to select subjects. （ D） They have different degrees of influence. 19 What is the two doctors possible explanation for their findings? （ A） People at the top dont need to worry about money. （ B） People who suffer greater stress pay more attention to health. （ C） It is in fact less stressful t

23、o be at the top than the bottom. （ D） High status has a positive effect on people. 20 According to the passage, Redelmeier and Singhs study （ A） has been refined further by the two doctors. （ B） has disproved the conclusions of the two doctors. （ C） considered both positive and negative factors. （ D

24、） considered the positive effects of several factors. 21 We can conclude from the passage that （ A） health is better than wealth. （ B） great hopes make great man. （ C） prizes affect peoples life expectancy. （ D） success in career brings health benefit. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directio

25、ns: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 The Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from_. （ A） Spain （ B） Britain （ C） Germany （ D） France 23 What degree is offered in community colleges in the United States?

26、 （ A） Masters degree. （ B） Doctors degree. （ C） Bachelors degree. （ D） Associate degree. 24 Hester Pryme is the heroine of _. （ A） Martin Eden （ B） The American Scholar （ C） Moby Dick （ D） The Scarlet Letter 25 _ presides over the meeting in the House of Commons and sees that parliamentary procedure

27、 is followed. （ A） Prime Minister （ B） The Speaker （ C） The Lord Chancellor （ D） Queen 26 “Art for Arts sake“ was advocated by （ A） William Blake. （ B） Robert Burns. （ C） Oscar Wilde. （ D） Dante Gabriel Rossetti. 27 According to _, we could only say “The boy kicked the ball“ instead of “Boy the ball

28、 kicked the“. （ A） syntagmatic relation （ B） paradigmatic relation （ C） endocentric construction （ D） exocentric construction 28 At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North America by colonists from England who used the language spoken in England, that is,_, the la

29、nguage used by Shakespeare, Milton and Banyan. （ A） Elizabethan English （ B） Edwardian English （ C） Kings English （ D） Standardized English 29 The Portrait of a Lady was written by _. （ A） Henry James （ B） James Joyce （ C） Henry Longfellow （ D） Theodore Dreiser 30 Thomas Hardy wrote the following no

30、vels EXCEPT （ A） Great Expectations. （ B） Tess of the DUrbervilles. （ C） The Return of the Native. （ D） Under the Greenwood Tree. 31 Which event marks the establishment of New Zealand? （ A） The first settlement in New Zealand. （ B） Captain James Cooks voyages around New Zealand. （ C） Signing of the

31、Treaty of Waitangi. （ D） None of the above. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING Superficial understanding. This level involves awareness of very superficial aspects of the foreign culturefrequently negative aspects. At this stage of cultural awareness, the person knows a few basic facts of the new culture. Thes

32、e facts stand out and often serve as the basis of stereotypes. However, (3) stereotypes are offensive because they imply that all people from a certain culture have the same characteristics. At this stage of cultural awareness, when stereotypes are keenly felt, the person is highly ethnocentric, and

33、 that means the person just focuses on his or her own culture as the norm of what is “right“ and compares the new culture with the “better“ culture back home. Stage three; Growing understanding and possible conflict. In this stage the learner begins to be aware of more subtle, sometimes less visible

34、, traits in the foreign culture. I will give you an example here to illustrate this point. A student learns that a given culture focuses on the family far more than on getting things accomplished. As a result, he or she begins to appreciate the huge importance of family value in this culture. So, we

35、 can see this understanding helps the person to see why things operate the way they do, but such an awareness does not always bring acceptance. In this stage, the person is still ethnocentric, home culture-oriented, comparing the culture that is “new“ to his or her “old“ home culture and (5) usually

36、 feeling that his or her own culture is much better. I think some of you, as English majors, may have the exact same experiences when you come to be familiar with your foreign teachers or friends. You do appreciate some of their cultures, but you just cant accept them from the bottom of your heart.

37、Stage four; Greater intellectual understanding. At this stage, the learner begins to comprehend intellectually the people in the foreign culture, yet there is still little emotional empathy; the person cannot “ feel what it is like“ to be a member of that culture. The learner thus starts to see thin

38、gs intellectually through the eyes of the “cultural bearers“ at least part of the time. But they just cannot really feel the same way the members of other cultures feel. The learner begins to shed ethnocentrism a little bit and starts to understand the new culture more deeply. The person knows why t

39、hings are done in the way they are done and accepts these things with less irritation. So, you can see now the learner obviously comprehends the beliefs and actions of the people in the culture. (8) The comfort level is higher, and the person does not complain extensively about cultural differences.

40、 That makes a big sense in the process of cultural understanding. Stage five: True empathy and cultural respect. This level is the highest one of cultural awareness. To attain this level, the learner must actually live in the foreign culture for some time. (10) As for how long the learner must live

41、in such a culture so that they can reach Stage five, the amount of time is variable. greatly depending on the individual. At the fifth stage, unlike the previous stages, the learner does not just see things intellectually from the viewpoint of the culture some or most of the time. Instead, he or she

42、 actually feels part of the culture, respects the culture fully, and empathizes emotionally with those who have lived all their lives in that culture. By doing so, the person, in a real sense, achieves a true cultural understanding. In summary, todays lecture is centered on the stages in the growth

43、of cultural consciousness. Altogether there are five: 1. No understanding means one does not know anyone from the culture, knows few, if any, facts. 2. Superficial understanding means one knows some superficial facts and stereotypes. 3. Growing understanding and possible conflict means one is aware

44、of more subtle traits but may experience cultural conflicts; probably believes ones own culture is superior. 4. Greater intellectual understanding means one understands the culture intellectually but not emotionally. 5. True empathy and respect means one understands the culture both intellectually a

45、nd emotionally; can feel what the people in the culture feel. Hope the lecture will be helpful in your nurturing of cultural awareness. Thanks for your patience. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 basic facts 【试题解析】 演讲者开篇提到 cultural understanding有五个阶段，其中第一个阶段是 No understanding，根据句 (1)可知，人们不了解其他文化的具体表现是：人们不认识来自不同文化的

46、人，基本接触不到有关他国文化的一些基本知识，所以 答案为 basic facts。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 negative 【试题解析】 演讲者提到 cultural understanding的第二 个阶段是 Superficial understanding，根据句 (2)可知，这一阶段人们只是肤浅地了解他国文化，并且往往是消极的一面，空白处把 negative aspects提前为中心词的定语，故答案为negative。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 offensive 【试题解析】 演讲者指出处于第二个阶段的人们只是了解了新文化的一些基本知识，并将这仅有的知识看

47、作是文化模型的基础，根据句 (3)可知，处于该阶段的人们认为源于某一文化的所有人都具有相同的个性特征，因此这种模型是具有冒 犯性的，故答案为 offensive。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 conflict 【试题解析】 根据句 (4)可知，演讲者指明 cultural understanding的第三个阶段是：人们逐渐开始了解新的文化，新文化与人们原有的文化之间可能产生冲突，空白处与原文陈述一致，因此答案为 conflict。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 much better/superior 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，演讲者指出处于第三个阶段的人们仍然有民族

48、优越感并且提到 ：他们总认为自己的文化要优越些，因此答案为 much bettersuperior。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 intellectual 【试题解析】 根据句 (6)可知，演讲者提到 cultural understanding的第四个阶段是：处于这一阶段的人们开始理性地看待与他们有着不同文化的人，因此答案为intellectual。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 emotionally 【试题解析】 根据句 (7)可知，演讲者指出人们在第四个阶段中开始理性地看 待与他们有着不同文化的人，但还是有很少的情感共鸣，结合题目，此处应填emotional的副词形式

49、，故答案为 emotionally。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 comfort 【试题解析】 演讲者指出处于第四个阶段的学习者理解了源于他国文化的这些人的信念和行为，根据句 (8)再结合题目可知，答案为 comfort。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 respect 【试题解析】 根据句 (9)可知，演讲者指出 cultural understanding的第五个阶段是： 处于该阶段的学习者开始真正融人到异国文化中，并尊重他国文化，故答案为 respect。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 the individual 【试题解析】 根据句 (10)可知，演讲者指出学习者要想真正融入到异国文化中，必须到国外生活一段时间，至于呆多久是有变化的，因为时间的长短主要取决于个人，因此答案为 the individual。 【知识模块】 讲座 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will he