[外语类试卷]GRE（VERBAL）综合模拟试卷2及答案与解析.doc

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1、GRE（ VERBAL）综合模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a w

2、hole. 1 It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes, on the other hand, can often be_. 2 Like Bela Bartok, Ruth Crawford not only brought a composers acumen to the notation of folk music, she also had a marked(i)_the task. This was clear in her agonizing

3、 over how far to try to represent the minute details of a performance in a written text, and this(ii)_makes her work a landmark in ethnomusicology.3 Political advertising may well be the most(i)_kind of advertising: political candidates are usually quite(ii)_, yet their campaign advertisements often

4、 hide important differences behind smoke screens of smiles and empty slogans. 4 Richard M. Russell said 52 percent of the nations growth since the Second World War had(i)_invention. He said,(ii)_research, the governments greatest role in assuring continuing innovation is promoting a strong, modern p

5、atent office. “Unless we can(iii)_original ideas, we will not have invention,“ Mr. Russell said. Speculating on the state of innovation over the next century, several inventors agreed that the future lay in giving children the tools to think creatively and the motivation to invent.5 Statements prese

6、nted as fact in a patent application are(i)_unless a good reason for doubt is found. The invention has only to be deemed “more likely than not“ to work in order to receive initial approval. And, although thousands of patents are challenged in court for other reasons, no incentive exists for anyone t

7、o expend effort(ii)_the science of an erroneous patent. For this reason the endless stream of(iii)_devices will continue to yield occasional patents.SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Se

8、lect the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 6 Ever a demanding reader of the fiction of others, the novelist Chase was likewise often the object of_analyses by his contemporaries. （ A） exacting （ B） copious （ C） respectful （ D） acerbic （

9、E） scathing 7 Her_should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need. （ A） stinginess （ B） diffidence （ C） frugality （ D） illiberality （ E） intolerance 8 A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence

10、structure mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more_the ideas. （ A） complicated （ B） engaged （ C） essential （ D） fanciful （ E） inconsequential SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best a

11、nswer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 8 I enjoyed A Dream of Light however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others. The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly sm

12、arter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, free- 10 floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousa

13、l system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more

14、 subtle signals as the 15 organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, t

15、he holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of 20 previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and pur

16、poses. The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, 25 arousal stimulates the production of a

17、drenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does experience so

18、mething like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, inner-directed, tuned by the 30 nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizards instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal pr

19、edator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds and yesterdays unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its 35 mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of

20、anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquillity over an explosive endocrine system. 14 The author refers to a hungry lizard(line 31)primarily in order to （ A） demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of nonmammals （ B） broaden the application of the argument by in

21、cluding an insectivore as an example （ C） make a distinction between higher and lower levels of consciousness （ D） provide an additional illustration of the brutality characteristic of predators （ E） offer an objection to suggestions that all animals lack consciousness 15 It can be inferred from the

22、 passage that in animals less intelligent than the mammals discussed in the passage （ A） past experience is less helpful in ensuring survival （ B） attention is more highly focused （ C） muscular coordination is less highly developed （ D） there is less need for competition among species （ E） environme

23、nt is more important in establishing the proper ratio of prey to predator 16 According to the passage, improvement in brain function among early large mammals resulted primarily from which of the following? （ A） Interplay of predator and prey （ B） Persistence of free-floating awareness in animals of

24、 the grasslands （ C） Gradual dominance of warm-blooded mammals over cold-blooded reptiles （ D） Interaction of early large mammals with less intelligent species （ E） Improvement of the capacity for memory among herbivores and carnivores 17 According to the passage, as the process of arousal in an org

25、anism continues, all of the following may occur EXCEPT （ A） the production of adrenaline （ B） the production of norepinephrine （ C） a heightening of sensitivity to stimuli （ D） an increase in selectivity with respect to stimuli （ E） an expansion of the range of states mediated by the brain stem GRE（

26、 VERBAL）综合模拟试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

27、 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 The words “on the other hand“ indicate that while the existence of societal codes of behavior is no surprise, their character may be quite surprising. Thus the correct answer is Choice B, unexpected, which means the same as surprising. “Predictable“ is the very opposite of surpris

28、ing, and none of the other answer choices means “surprising. 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 In this example, both blanks can be filled by focusing on the statement that Crawford agonized over the details in her representations of folk music performances. The only choice for blank(ii)that matches this description

29、 is “fastidiousness“; neither “didacticism“ nor “iconoclasm“ reflects the notion of agonizing over details. Similarly, only “reverence for“ fits in Blank(i), since neither “detachment from“ nor “curiosity about“ reflects the degree of care Crawford took. 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 Looking at Blank(i), it is

30、hard to select a correct answer, since all three answer choices fit the immediate context well. Looking to the second part of the sentence, however, we can see such expressions as “hide“ and “smoke screens,“ both of which suggest that the correct answer for Blank(i)is “deceptive.“ Making that assump

31、tion, we can go on to see that the answer for Blank(ii)is “dissimilar,“ since what is deceptive about political advertisements is that they hide important differences. Reading the sentence again with “deceptive“ and “dissimilar“ in place confirms those choices. 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 A quick overview of

32、the paragraph shows that its topic is the encouragement of invention and innovation. This implies that Blank(i)should be filled with “come through,“ which emphasizes the importance of invention; the other choices suggest that invention is irrelevant or somehow harmed by growth. Again, the only one o

33、f the choices for Blank(ii)that continues the theme of encouraging invention is “aside from supporting.“ Finally, the second sentence emphasizes the importance for innovation of a strong patent office, and this thought is reaffirmed in the following quotation from Mr. Russell, which requires “protec

34、t“ in Blank(iii). 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 The paragraph appears to be explaining some odd or unexpected aspect of the patent process. The third sentence helps to clarify what this aspect is; it discusses challenges to patents. The only choice for Blank(ii)that is concerned with challenging a patent is “de

35、bunking,“ since “corroborating“ and “advancing“ suggest support instead. This in turn provides the answer for the third blank, since the preceding sentence does explain how “bogus“ devices may nonetheless get a patent. And we can also now better understand the first sentence it too must help explain

36、 how bogus devices get patents, which it can do only if the blank is filled with “presumed verifiable,“ suggesting that patent applications are taken at face value and not dismissed out of hand nor subjected to careful scrutiny. SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pai

37、r of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 The use of the word “likewise“ indicates that the analyses of Chases work by contemporaries were

38、 like the readings he gave the fiction of others. Since he is described as a “demanding reader,“ the words that best fit the blank will be similar in meaning to “demanding.“ The words that meet this requirement are “exacting“(Choice A)and “meticulous“(Choice F), and they produce sentences that are a

39、like in meaning. Although “acerbic analyses“ means close to the same thing as “scathing analyses,“ both “acerbic“ and “scathing“ have meanings that are quite different from “demanding,“ so neither fits well in the blank. 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 The sentence explains that the person spoken of is not miserl

40、y, since she is quite prepared to be generous. So for the sentence to make sense, the word filling the blank has to be something that is consistent with generosity and yet might, by those without a full understanding of her behavior, be mistaken for miserliness. The words “frugality“ and “thrift“ fu

41、lfill this requirement and yield two sentences that are alike in meaning, so that pair forms the correct answer. Neither “stinginess“ nor “illiberality“ makes sense in the sentence, since they are synonymous with “miserliness“ and inconsistent with generosity. Other choices, such as “diffidence,“ mi

42、ght perhaps make a sensible sentence if placed in the blank but do not form part of the correct answer since they have no companion word that would make a sentence of similar meaning. Thus the correct answer is frugality(Choice C)and thrift(Choice F). 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 Because the second half of the

43、 sentence illustrates the idea that “structure mirrors thought,“ any word that fills the blank must be similar in meaning to “convoluted.“ The two words that are similar to “convoluted“ are “complicated“ and “involved“(Choices A and F), which produce sentences alike in meaning. “Fanciful,“ while som

44、ewhat similar in meaning to “convoluted,“ is not as similar to either “complicated“ or “involved“ as those words are to each other. The other answer choices are not similar in meaning to “convoluted,“ and thus do not produce coherent sentences. SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is fol

45、lowed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 Choices A and C are correct. We know from the final sentence that the collec

46、tion falls short of several criteria established by the author. Choice A is correct: the book does not demonstrate sufficient awareness of the “tenuous nature of representations of reality.“ Choice B is incorrect: there is no mention in the passage of any concern on the part of the author about the

47、accuracy of detail. Choice C is correct: the book does not offer an adequate “critical contextualization of florid detail.“ 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 This question asks about the function of the second sentence. The correct choice is Choice B. As discussed in the description of the passage, that sentence d

48、escribes what is appealing about the collection in the context of the authors childhood tastes. Choice A is incorrect both because the sentence does not provide examples and because the collection does not display an awareness of the tenuous nature of representations of reality. Choice C is not corr

49、ect: although one might suspect that the authors enjoyment of collections as an adult would be on a more sophisticated level than when she was young, there is no discussion or even suggestion of that in the passage. Choice D is incorrect because the sentence describes the virtues of the collection. The aspects of the collection that the author finds inadequate are not addressed until later. Choice E is incorrect because, according to the passage, the fact that the collection is varied makes it a “rich“ read. There