[外语类试卷]2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Mo Yan is_as one of Chinas most talented writers. （ A） acclaimed （ B） claimed （ C） blamed （ D） studied 2 There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more _ or more controversial than Margaret Mead. （ A） imaginative （ B） hard-working （ C）

2、 celebrated （ D） strong-minded 3 Communication satellites transmit information more_than do ordinary shortwave radios. （ A） conveniently （ B） reliably （ C） accessibly （ D） concisely 4 _evidence indicates that acid rain is damaging historic sites in many parts of this developing country. （ A） Many （

3、B） Little （ C） Tentative （ D） Mounting 5 _all living things have some way of getting from here to there. （ A） Certainly （ B） Virtually （ C） Deplorably （ D） Eventually 6 I_him that I would help him if he had any difficulty in carrying out the task. （ A） ensured （ B） assured （ C） guaranteed （ D） vowed

4、 7 It is dangerous to walk through a thick forest_a winter afternoon without a guide. （ A） in （ B） at （ C） on （ D） towards 8 At the end of the year all department stores_prices to encourage sales. （ A） promote （ B） produce （ C） reduce （ D） induce 9 The scholarship is open to all the students_race or

5、 sex. （ A） regardless of （ B） with regard to （ C） in conformity to （ D） according to 10 That company claimed that this new material can_water like a sponge. （ A） suck （ B） absorb （ C） squeeze （ D） drink 11 Although a recession is usually characterized by at least two consecutive quarters of_GDP, thi

6、s is not a fixed rule. （ A） falling （ B） declining （ C） fluctuating （ D） impending 12 Forest fires frequently threaten human lives and cause great property damage to people_in southern California. （ A） working （ B） sleeping （ C） dwelling （ D） playing 13 Music and paintings can communicate ones_feeli

7、ngs and emotions when words fail to express them. （ A） slightest （ B） innermost （ C） rarest （ D） secret 14 All living creatures have to constantly_various changes in their environment in order to survive. （ A） interfere with （ B） react to （ C） comply with （ D） succumb to 15 Pregnant women are advise

8、d to take a_, balanced, and varied diet that contains plenty of nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, while grains, legumes, and fish. （ A） wholesome （ B） gradual （ C） well-cooked （ D） delicious 16 Our Chinese tradition is quite different_we only want to defend our own country, not to invade othe

9、r countries. （ A） because （ B） for （ C） in that （ D） that 17 China hosted the Olympic Games in 2008, thus_her dream to be recognized as one of the greatest nations in the world. （ A） having realized （ B） realizing （ C） realized （ D） to realize 18 Suddenly the donkey gave a loud bray. Thinking that t

10、he donkey_eat him, the tiger ran away hurriedly. （ A） would （ B） was going to （ C） was about to （ D） was to 19 Ancient Changan was seven times_the size of todays Xian city. （ A） （ B） as much as （ C） that of （ D） of 20 The reason why he didnt take the exam was_he had an accident on his way to the sch

11、ool. （ A） because （ B） because of （ C） that （ D） due to 21 If it_for his help, I wouldnt be a university student now. （ A） hasnt been （ B） hadnt been （ C） wasnt （ D） werent 22 According to the weather forecast, it_this afternoon. （ A） will rain （ B） rains （ C） is going to rain （ D） is to rain 23 Nei

12、ther John nor his roommates_in the dormitory yesterday evening. （ A） was （ B） were （ C） has been （ D） had been 24 Malaysian Airlines lost an airplane on March 8 last year, _whereabouts still remains a mystery. （ A） its （ B） whose （ C） their （ D） the 25 _you need any further information, please do no

13、t hesitate to let me know. （ A） would （ B） should （ C） will （ D） shall 26 Since you have already come, you_stay here for a couple of days. （ A） might well （ B） might as well （ C） might have to （ D） might 27 She told her parents that she had decided to marry him, _a prince or a pauper. （ A） if he was

14、 （ B） were he （ C） was he （ D） be he 28 _you work hard enough_you be able to get a PhD degree in three years. （ A） Only if, will （ B） If only, would （ C） Should, will （ D） Unless, would 29 Hardly_the train_when the waiting crowd ran towards it. （ A） did, arrive （ B） has, arrived （ C） had, arrived （

15、D） was, arriving 30 The conference_next year will be an important event in the history of the country. （ A） having been held （ B） being held （ C） to be held （ D） held 二、 Cloze 30 To say that the child learns【 C1】 _imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child

16、imitates every【 C2】 _he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to【 C3】 _is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn【 C4】 _a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do“. Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new s

17、ituation, lacking a【 C5】 _response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain【 C6】 _. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason【 C7】 _what to do, he observes a【 C8】 _who seems able to get the right【 C9】 _. The child looks for a/an【 C10】 _or expert who can show what to

18、do. There is a second element at【 C11】 _in this situation. The child may be able to【 C12】 _his immediate goal only to【 C13】 _that his method brings criticism【 C14】 _people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is【 C15】 _emphatically th

19、at such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to【 C16】 _any objective situation is overlaid【 C17】_the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and【 C18】 _when his parents li

20、ke his response. Then other adults【 C19】 _some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must【 C20】 _responses his social group approves. 31 【 C1】 （ A） through （ B） from （ C） by （ D） with 32 【 C2】 （ A） action （ B） thing （ C） situation （ D）

21、 adult 33 【 C3】 （ A） learn （ B） set （ C） imply （ D） follow 34 【 C4】 （ A） from （ B） to （ C） for （ D） into 35 【 C5】 （ A） ready （ B） immediate （ C） good （ D） reasonable 36 【 C6】 （ A） ends （ B） purpose （ C） intention （ D） goal 37 【 C7】 （ A） up （ B） for （ C） through （ D） out 38 【 C8】 （ A） student （ B） ex

22、ample （ C） model （ D） child 39 【 C9】 （ A） effect （ B） reward （ C） result （ D） outcome 40 【 C10】 （ A） professional （ B） authority （ C） specialist （ D） teacher 41 【 C11】 （ A） working （ B） work （ C） the work （ D） his 42 【 C12】 （ A） attain （ B） find （ C） acquire （ D） grasp 43 【 C13】 （ A） tell （ B） get （

23、 C） find （ D） realize 44 【 C14】 （ A） to （ B） into （ C） from （ D） out of 45 【 C15】 （ A） informed （ B） asked （ C） notified （ D） told 46 【 C16】 （ A） solve （ B） face （ C） encounter （ D） avoid 47 【 C17】 （ A） by （ B） with （ C） in （ D） for 48 【 C18】 （ A） like （ B） love （ C） consent （ D） approval 49 【 C19】

24、（ A） grant （ B） appraise （ C） reward （ D） award 50 【 C20】 （ A） do （ B） take （ C） adopt （ D） employ 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 One of the most important periods in Greed history was the Hellenistic Age which began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. , and lasted almost 200 years. It w

25、as during this time in history that Greek ideas and Greek culture spread to Egypt and throughout the Near East. A Greek state even existed as far west as India. During the Hellenistic Age, there were great advances in such areas as philosophy, science, religion, art and social justice. Important dis

26、coveries were made in the sciences. Eratosthenes, for instance, made an accurate calculation of the diameter of the earth, while Aristarchus declared that the earth was round. Social reformers attempted to abolish debt and institute a program of land redistribution among the poor but met with little

27、 success. Women achieved a better social standing and among the middle class education became widespread. Peace of mind was the great concern of the philosophers of the Hellenistic Age. The Stoics insisted that happiness could be achieved when man learned to accept the events which were beyond his c

28、ontrol and, at the same time, did his duty. The Epicureans espoused the idea that moderation in pleasure and the avoidance of pain produced the desired result. The Cynics turned away from all desires and pleasures, and advocated a pursuit of virtue. In religion, many Greeks turned to the worship of

29、such Egyptian gods as Serapis and Isis. During the Hellenistic Age, the area of Greek influence included such political powers as the Ptolemies of Egypt, the Seleucids of Syria, the Antigonids of Macedon and the Attalids of Pergamum, and it was their fighting against each other and among themselves

30、that paved the way for the aggressive Romans to conquer Greece and most of the Hellenistic world in the 100s B. C. The Romans brought the Hellenistic Age to a close when they conquered the last major power, Egypt, in 30 B. C. 51 What part did Alexander the Great play in the flowering of Greek cultur

31、e during the Hellenistic Age? （ A） It was his wisdom and power which aided its growth. （ B） He helped especially in the area of science. （ C） It was in social reforms that he contributed most. （ D） He had no direct involvement whatsoever. 52 Which statement about the Hellenistic Age is not correct?

32、（ A） Land redistribution was less than successful. （ B） The social standing of women improved. （ C） Education spread from the middle to the lower classes. （ D） Attempts to abolish debt did not find great success. 53 According to the passage, which statement is most likely? （ A） A Cynic would seek a

33、life a comfort and ease. （ B） A Stoic would try to do what was expected of him. （ C） An Epicurean would enjoy a hard fight. （ D） A Stoic would attempt to triumph over nature. 54 The Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world was helped greatly by the_. （ A） divisions existing among its political factio

34、ns （ B） inability of its philosophers to work together （ C） conflict between its several religious groups （ D） lack of agreement on its necessary social reforms 55 The word “espouse“ in the third paragraph of this passage probably means_. （ A） propose （ B） marry （ C） support （ D） reject 55 Why are s

35、o many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents. If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of com

36、plete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week or “Boy. I cant wait to get back to work. “ While all work and no play is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in

37、 our lives. The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once youve been at a company for five years and have a spouse, a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things arent turning out as yo

38、ud planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of all. People resent having to do something because they have no other choice. If you find yourself resenting your job because you cant afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a “cyanide capsule“.

39、He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent bas such a capsule hidden somewhere on his body. If hes captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change. Rather than cyanide, your opti

40、on takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. Youre not giving up your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get u

41、nbearable at work, you could jump ship. Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are here only because you want to be. At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your

42、 own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really arent. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need. 56 What do we most likely want during a long vacation, according to the author? （ A） To extend the vacation as long as possib

43、le. （ B） To gain a balance between work and play. （ C） To go back to work as soon as possible. （ D） To relax completely free from worry. 57 It is indicated in the passage that most people dislike their jobs because_. （ A） going to work is wasting their time （ B） they cant feel fulfilled in their job

44、s （ C） they are confined to the jobs tightly （ D） pay seldom corresponds with work 58 When one considers changing job, the biggest difficulty is_. （ A） leaving a company and a good boss （ B） reducing the family burden （ C） giving up a stable income （ D） drawing up a better plan for the future 59 The

45、 author suggests that, by having a “cyanide capsule“ at work, one will_. （ A） find a satisfactory job soon （ B） be as brave as the hero in spy movies （ C） be more tolerant with the present job （ D） have the courage to give up the unbearable job 60 You will change your attitude towards your job when_

46、. （ A） you are provided with the chance to choose （ B） you are responsible for your present job （ C） you get ready your up-to-date resume （ D） you get what you need from your job 60 Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic idea of geometry being learned. Once the

47、baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various things, that the ideas of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain separate themselves in such a way that the baby beg

48、ins to hear sounds very exactly. Soon it picks up language. And it is then brought into direct communication with grown-ups. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the rubbish words and beliefs of the born. Nature, having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now gives it up to the unreasonable conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and peaceful days, no matter what vic