[外语类试卷]2010年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2010年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I_has answered those questions with patience and honesty. （ A） come across （ B） come by （ C） come over （ D） come into 2 Among picture books for 4-8

2、years olds, several outstanding works appeared that combined original stories with_illustrations. （ A） imaginable （ B） imaginative （ C） imaging （ D） imageless 3 As skies are filled with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming_: The fat

3、ter the bird, the more efficiently it flies. （ A） interruption （ B） description （ C） qualification （ D） contradiction 4 The party leader justified his subsequent re-election_that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country. （ A） in the way （ B） by no means （ C） on the

4、grounds （ D） to the extent 5 A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakes peare into contemporary English _young audience who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date. （ A） in memory of （ B） at the cost of （ C） on behalf of （ D） for the benefit of 6 The objective of this po

5、pular consultation is to determine,_, the final political status of the region, whether to remain of the country as a special district, or to part from it. （ A） once upon a time （ B） once and again （ C） all at once （ D） once and for all 7 The_choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the

6、 available ones that will enable him or her to maximize utility. （ A） optimal （ B） optional （ C） optical （ D） optimistic 8 The Adult Vocational College is an opportunity to gain the right qualifications for various careers, for it offers an_range of subjects and courses. （ A） additional （ B） excessi

7、ve （ C） adequate （ D） extensive 9 Its disturbing to note how many of crimes we do know about were detected_, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. （ A） by accident （ B） on schedule （ C） in general （ D） at intervals 10 In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individ

8、ual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be_. （ A） brought into practice （ B） taken into account （ C） thrown light on （ D） looked down upon 11 The more a nations companies_factories abroad, the smaller that countrys recorded exports will be. （ A） lie （ B） locate （ C） spot （ D）

9、stand 12 The defence lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the_of the murder committed last month. （ A） witnesses （ B） audience （ C） viewers （ D） observers 13 The belief that the universe is improving and that good will_triumph over evil prevails. （ A） ultimately （ B） conclusively （ C） f

10、easibly （ D） terminally 14 It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it_as we had hoped. （ A） came off （ B） went off （ C） brought out （ D） made out 15 The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer_according to the weather. （ A） evaluated

11、（ B） converted （ C） fluctuated （ D） modified 二、 Cloze 15 The character of European education demands that the student develop【 C1】_and social individuality. The American student is given a choice between relying on himself【 C2】 _on others. Scholastically, the fundamental difference is between the Eu

12、ropean lecture system and the American discussion system. The European system is both the strength and the limit of European education. The strength is the challenge【 C3】 _the student to rely on himself; the system imposes a limit because it is【 C4】 _and at times even cruelly, qualitative: only a fe

13、w are able to survive. A second difference is the American campus, a term which has no【 C5】 _in Europe. There, the campus is formed【 C6】 _by the various classrooms, faculty offices and laboratories. No extracurricular activities are carried on. The students and the professors go to the universities

14、when they have classes and leave as soon as they are【 C7】 _The European universities provide no social life; on the【 C8】 _, it creates a social atmosphere. The student 【 C9】 _never organizes campus activities: everything is left to the【 C10】 _of the individual students. In the【 C11】 _of these consid

15、erations, I think I can answer the challenge of that pretty coed, though my answer is bound to be incomplete. My【 C12】 _to the American educational system are two. The first【 C13】 _American students. What【 C14】 _me most about them is their conformity and their fear of【 C15】 _. Perhaps campus life【 C

16、16】 _by necessity to conformity. Almost every student belongs to at least two organizations. What is the【 C17】 _of this associative mania,【 C18】 _not the basic to be supported by people who think【 C19】_and sympathize with the same idea? Nobody likes being alone, but it seems to me that American stud

17、ents like【 C20】 _too much. 16 【 C1】 （ A） intellectual （ B） intangible （ C） inquisitive （ D） ingenious 17 【 C2】 （ A） and （ B） or （ C） from （ D） with 18 【 C3】 （ A） of （ B） to （ C） for （ D） with 19 【 C4】 （ A） strictly （ B） vigorously （ C） rigorous （ D） rigid 20 【 C5】 （ A） equation （ B） equivalent （ C）

18、equator （ D） equivalence 21 【 C6】 （ A） exceptionally （ B） exclusively （ C） extraordinarily （ D） extensively 22 【 C7】 （ A） away （ B） out （ C） over （ D） in 23 【 C8】 （ A） body （ B） opposition （ C） contrast （ D） conversation 24 【 C9】 （ A） body （ B） unity （ C） structure （ D） union 25 【 C10】 （ A） creative

19、 （ B） initiative （ C） original （ D） imaginative 26 【 C11】 （ A） light （ B） accordance （ C） correspondence （ D） virtue 27 【 C12】 （ A） reactions （ B） responds （ C） replies （ D） reflections 28 【 C13】 （ A） involves （ B） concerns （ C） includes （ D） relates 29 【 C14】 （ A） appealed （ B） solicited （ C） struc

20、k （ D） astounded 30 【 C15】 （ A） dependence （ B） desolation （ C） reliance （ D） isolation 31 【 C16】 （ A） contends （ B） intends （ C） reliance （ D） tends 32 【 C17】 （ A） reason （ B） excuse （ C） background （ D） cause 33 【 C18】 （ A） whether （ B） excuse （ C） if （ D） as 34 【 C19】 （ A） likely （ B） alike （ C）

21、likelihood （ D） like 35 【 C20】 （ A） companion （ B） fellowship （ C） mate （ D） company 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. “We are largely the playthings of our fears,“ wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. “T

22、o one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.“ Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within you

23、r body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline(肾上腺素 )are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than ph

24、ysical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem. Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the momen

25、t of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to b

26、e more sensitive. Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using h

27、is father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem. Phils dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations becau

28、se “the car might break down“. Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense. 36 In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “our particular creature“ refers to_. （ A） fear of something （ B） a fierce beast （ C） physical pain （ D） public ridicule 37 Fear can be a useful emoti

29、on to us because it can_. （ A） stimulate many physical changes within our body （ B） quicken our heartbeat and responses （ C） pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstream （ D） help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves 38 Fear becomes a problem only when_. （ A） the danger is

30、thought greater than it really is. （ B） the danger is more psychological than physical （ C） one cannot stand the danger （ D） one is not well prepared for it 39 Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that_. （ A） some people are inherently more easily affected by danger.

31、 （ B） peoples response to stimuli is not an inherited feature （ C） some people seem to be very sensitive to noise. （ D） people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise. 40 Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our_. （ A） home education （ B） school education （ C） p

32、arents lifestyle （ D） early experiences 40 Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thi

33、ng, but they are not the same. Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities;, in social groupi

34、ngs. From this definition it would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture. The

35、 word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, “to till the soil“. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; o

36、ne may also cultivate ones interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique t

37、o human beings. One of the basic and best-known features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon a result of creativity. It took thousands of years from the first wheel to the l

38、atest most advanced model of automobile. It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkeys cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys

39、have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to

40、buildings. 41 What does the author think of the words “civilization“ and “culture“ ? （ A） They are identical. （ B） They are different concepts. （ C） They can often be used interchangeably. （ D） They are denied differently by different people. 42 According to the author the word “civilization“ origin

41、ally refers to_. （ A） peoples way of life in cities （ B） peoples ability to live together in cities （ C） a type of social organizations （ D） an advanced level of social life 43 The Latin verb “colere“ originally means “_“. （ A） live in a city （ B） develop oneself （ C） promote growth （ D） cultivate t

42、he land 44 The author believes that creativity_. （ A） is a unique feature of civilized beings （ B） brings forth the improvement of tools （ C） is the result of human development （ D） helps the advance of culture 45 The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that_. （ A） monkey are the s

43、ame as birds （ B） people once lived in caves like monkeys （ C） monkeys can never develop into human beings （ D） man is different from other animals such as monkeys 45 Job-related illnesses are growing in frequency. In 1985, there were 390,000 cases of illnesses that were job related, including lung

44、and bladder(膀胱 )cancers, skin ailments, emphysema(肺气肿 ), and heart disease. There were also 100,000 deaths. Many of these illnesses and deaths are attributable to chemically hazardous substances. An obvious approach to reducing occupational illnesses is to rid the workplace of the chemical agents or

45、 toxins that are the source of many of the problems. However, sometimes that is not financially feasible or technically possible. An alternative approach is to capitalize on the fact that not all individuals are equally susceptible to health hazards in the workplace. For example, until the early 197

46、0s when strict safety standards were introduced, all workers in shipbuilding plants were exposed to excessively high levels of asbestos(石棉 )dust, yet only some have, or will develop, respiratory problems such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and emphysema. Researchers have begun only a certain portion to

47、 attack the puzzling problem of work groups that are “hyper susceptible“ to particular chemical agents or toxins. One approach is to use genetic information as a means of differentiating between those who will and will not have adverse reactions to the toxin. At present, there are several known gene

48、tic markers that signal an individuals predisposition to developing health problems in the presence of certain working conditions. For example, people with a pair of genes deficient in an enzyme called G-6-PD are more likely than others to experience a breakdown of red blood cells and consequent ane

49、mia(贫血 )when they work with chemicals contained in TNT, or types of antimalarial drugs(抗病药 ). Recent research also suggests that presence of a defective gene on the eleventh chromosome (染色体 )reduces the bodys ability to remove excess cholesterol(胆固醇 )deposits from artery walls(动脉壁 ), thus predisposing carriers of the gene to coronary artery(冠状动脉 )disease.