[外语类试卷]2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature _ to protect the dolphins. （ A） reservation （ B） rescue （ C） reserve （ D） refugee 2 Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that t

2、his will _ the memory of the passers-by. （ A） keep （ B） ease （ C） jog （ D） enhance 3 Diamonds have little _ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. （ A） intricate （ B） intact （ C） intriguing （ D） intrinsic 4 At the moment she is _ the netball match between the Japanese team

3、and the Cuban team over at the playing field. （ A） arbitrating （ B） intervening （ C） refereeing （ D） deciding 5 Any time _, any period of waiting is because you havent come and received the message. （ A） error （ B） cut （ C） lack （ D） lag 6 James Joyce was _ as the greatest writer of the 20th century

4、. （ A） saluted （ B） estimated （ C） scaled （ D） measured 7 As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted morals, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question _ asserting, advocating or bearing witness. （ A） rather than （ B） other than （ C） togethe

5、r with （ D） as well as 8 Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comets surface in order to reveal the core and give some _ to the origin of the solar system. （ A） sources （ B） interpretations （ C） clues （ D） observations 9 The Japanese Prime Ministers _ is a seat on the U N

6、 Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit. （ A） precedence （ B） promise （ C） priority （ D） procedure 10 This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was _ 12 percent. （ A） in case of （ B） in view of （ C） in face of （ D） in excess of 11 How well

7、a person _ depends just as much on whether theyre self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise. （ A） jumps out （ B） turns out （ C） covers up （ D） turns up 12 The skin of the forest keeper _ exposure to the harsh northwest weather. （ A） is tanned from （ B） is colored from （ C） is tain

8、ted by （ D） is encoded by 13 The Court of Auditors of the EU is an _ body and acts independently from all other institutions. （ A） indifferent （ B） imperative （ C） impartial （ D） incoherent 14 Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _ to carrying out the plan. （ A） committed （ B） obliged （ C） e

9、ngaged （ D） resolved 15 The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _. （ A） struck out （ B） left out （ C） ruled out （ D） counted out 16 Hotels and restaurants are an _ part of the city; without them the citys tourist industry can not exist. （ A） insignificant （ B） integral （ C） interior （ D） i

10、nevitable 17 I reject any religious doctrine that does not _ to reason and is in conflict with morality. （ A） apply （ B） appeal （ C） attract （ D） attend 18 There are three bodies of writing that come to _ this question and we will consider each in turn. （ A） bear on （ B） sort out （ C） figure out （ D

11、） put on 19 Success does not _ in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time. （ A） comprise （ B） convey （ C） consist （ D） conform 20 Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to _ the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers. （ A） live up to （ B） mark down （ C

12、） size up （ D） play down 二、 Cloze 20 Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that need【 21】 . A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from【 22】 our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n)【 23】 : If a

13、fire broke out in someones home【 24】 faulty wiring, he would not be content with【 25】 putting out the fire.【 26】 , he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a【 27】 . Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling

14、 which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with【 28】 self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt, one of two ways:【 29】 that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a【 30】 that he

15、 is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a【 31】 with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the【 32】 of Mr. Ys misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings cause

16、d the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is【 33】 of pathological guilt. When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may【 34】 unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the conse

17、quences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right【 35】 having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt. （ A） connection （ B） correction （ C） recovery （ D） repetition （ A） underestimating （ B） displaying （ C） viol

18、ating （ D） deteriorating （ A） hypothesis （ B） definition （ C） experiment （ D） analogy （ A） due to （ B） but for （ C） with （ D） under （ A） devotedly （ B） primarily （ C） timely （ D） merely （ A） Therefore （ B） Rather （ C） Anyway （ D） Consequently. （ A） distress （ B） renewal （ C） conflict （ D） recurrence

19、 （ A） low （ B） exalted （ C） sincere （ D） much （ A） Imply （ B） Admit （ C） Deny （ D） Argue （ A） prescription （ B） communication （ C） confirmation （ D） perception （ A） contact （ B） disagreement （ C） relationship （ D） concern （ A） cause （ B） origin （ C） cure （ D） witness （ A） record （ B） proof （ C） evid

20、ence （ D） description （ A） attach to （ B） turn to （ C） load to （ D） take to （ A） at （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Jeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the worlds most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. Fr

21、om their origins as pure workwear, they have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal. In the mid 1940s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gaine

22、d a new status in the U. S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported by both men and women, by returning GIs and sharp teenagers, they seemed as clean and strong as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levis were left behind by American arm

23、ed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European populations first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U. S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing. In the 1950s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and m

24、ovies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rocknroll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social morals. When Elvis Presley sang in “Jailhouse Rock“, his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile

25、image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like “The Wild One“ and “Rebel Without a Cause“ cult figures Marion Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embrac

26、ed it. By the beginning of the 1960s, slim jeans had become a leisure wear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned (包围在 ) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid 1960s jeans had acqui

27、red yet another social connotationas the uniform of the budding social and sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations off the streets of Paris,

28、at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue. 36 Jeans were first designed for _. （ A） soldiers （ B） workmen （ C） teenagers （ D） cowboys 37 In the mid 1940s, jeans gained popularity because _. （ A） they made the wearer look clean and tough （ B） they were comfortab

29、le and looked friendly （ C） they were the outward symbol of the mainstream society （ D） they stood for freedom and a strong character 38 What does the “real thing“ refer to in the second paragraph? （ A） Authentic Levis. （ B） Workwear. （ C） Casual wear. （ D） Jeans of European style. 39 The popularity

30、 of Elvis Presleys way of dressing illustrates that _. （ A） teenagers wanted to look sexy （ B） people desired to look strong and manly （ C） jeans went well with rockn roll （ D） Americans were more rebellious than Europeans 40 The last sentence suggests that jeans were _. （ A） used for military purpo

31、ses （ B） the symbol of the ideal of social equality （ C） Worn by all kinds of people （ D） the outfit of social improvement 40 The ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases. Researchers now su

32、ggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection. Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approxi

33、mately 80 percent of the worlds Jewish population. Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry ac

34、count for 27 percent of U. S. Nobel science prize winners. But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including TaySachs, Gauchers, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty

35、substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases. Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as money lending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians. Histori

36、ans suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in over hundreds areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds

37、of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentle countrymen. But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs. Being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence, researchers argue that highly unlikely that mutated ge

38、nes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance. While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a persons IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were

39、patients of the Gancher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants. Modem-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researc

40、her says that he would expect a tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time. 41 According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are _. （ A） more intelligent than other Jews （ B） more likely to be sick than other Jews （ C） endowed with natural ability be

41、cause of genetic diseases （ D） more likely to be born with genetic diseases 42 According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in _. （ A） the whole Europe and Eastern Asia （ B） Eastern Europe and a few other European countries （ C） Eastern Europe and a few Asian countries （ D）

42、Eastern Europe and Germany 43 Tay-Sachs, Ganchers and Niemann-Pick are _. （ A） diseases caused by absence of an enzyme （ B） life-threatening genetic diseases （ C） diseases that make people more intelligent （ D） the same disease with different terms 44 The “lucrative job“ may most probably be a job w

43、hich is _. （ A） profitable （ B） unsteady （ C） challenging （ D） permanent 45 The underlined sentence in Para. 7 roughly means that the researchers believe that _. （ A） mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazims intelligence （ B） mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazims intelligence

44、 （ C） the Ashkenazims high intelligence is caused by the mutated genes （ D） the Ashkenazims illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance 46 From the passage, it can be anticipated that in the future _. （ A） Ashkenazim would be less intelligent but healthier （ B） there would be more outstandi

45、ng Ashkenazim intellectuals （ C） Ashkenazim would be more intelligent and less healthy （ D） the cause of genetic diseases would be explored more deeply 46 Sometimes its just hard to choose. Youre in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a

46、close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate. It seems that we need devices to protect us from our

47、hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuffbe they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our governments philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, elect

48、ricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but. Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and arent confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who dont have a variety of luxuries. If yo

49、u live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they dont have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision-making paralysis causes. Choice wasnt supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isnt: ever more choi